• HVYRAIN: Excessive Rainfall Discussion

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 11, 2026 19:59:24
    FOUS30 KWBC 111959
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    359 PM EDT Thu Jun 11 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Thu Jun 11 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 12 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    MIDWEST...

    .Midwest to southern Plains...

    16Z update... Several locations picked up 1 to 4 inches of rain
    overnight for the Midwest/Upper Midwest with the organized
    convection; prolonging the multi-day wet pattern for much of Iowa
    and ongoing areal flooding. Training and backbuilding of
    thunderstorms are expected to persist during the afternoon and into
    the evening hours for parts of Iowa and Illinois which will keep an
    elevated threat for scattered flash flooding while another round
    of convection lifts northeast into Wisconsin and Michigan with
    hourly rainfall rates. The Slight Risk area was expanded northward along
    the northern boundary in Wisconsin and lower Michigan. Refer to WPC
    MPD 384 for additional details.

    Campbell

    Early this morning, a frontal wave developed over the central
    Plains ahead of a strong upper level trough that will lift into the
    Midwest today. This wave of low pressure is forecast to surge
    northeast into the Midwest and be accompanied by an area of
    enhanced convection in the vicinity of the low. A strengthening low
    level jet on the leading edge of this disturbance will bring a
    surge of moisture (PWAT values > 2 inches) and instability (MUCAPE
    3000 J/kg) into the Midwest and create a sheared environment that
    will allow for organized convection with highly efficient rainfall
    rates up to 2-4 inches per hour. A Slight Risk of excessive
    rainfall is in effect for portions of the Midwest where the hi-res
    CAMs are showing the highest rainfall totals. There was some
    consideration of upgrading to a Moderate Risk for portions of Iowa,
    Wisconsin, and Illinois given recent heavy rains and soil
    saturation, but the highest rainfall totals today are forecast to
    be displaced to the north of where the heaviest rain fell on
    Wednesday, which should keep the risk of flash flooding more in
    line with a high-end Slight. On the backside of the frontal wave,
    the cold front will surge southeast across the central and southern
    Plains this afternoon with showers and storms expected to form
    along the front. Given the highly moist and unstable environment on
    the warm side of the boundary, these storms will be capable of
    producing high rainfall rates, but the progressive nature of the
    front should help limit the risk of flash flooding. A Marginal Risk
    area extends back into the southern Plains where locally heavy
    rainfall may lead to isolated instances of flash flooding.

    .Ohio Valley to Mid-Atlantic...

    An upper level shortwave trough is expected to move southeast
    across the Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic today, which will provide
    upper level support for the development of scattered showers and
    storms this afternoon. Warm, moist air will be in place across
    these regions, with PWAT values generally ranging from 1.75-2
    inches, which will support rainfall rates of 1-2 inches. Elevated
    instability (>2000 J/kg) should allow for some deeper convective
    cells that will be capable of producing locally heavy rainfall.
    Isolated instances of flash flooding will be possible, especially
    if heavy rain occurs in urban environments, so there is a Marginal
    Risk of excessive rainfall extending from the Ohio Valley to the
    Mid-Atlantic. Northwesterly upslope flow will also result in
    enhanced precipitation totals along the central Appalachians that
    could create isolated flooding concerns in this region as well,
    which is included in the Marginal Risk area.

    .Southwest Florida...

    Southeasterly flow has increased PWAT values above 2 inches across
    Central and South Florida, which will allow for very heavy
    rainfall rates of 2-4 inches per hour in convection along the sea
    breeze boundaries this afternoon. Hi-res CAMs show the Atlantic and
    Gulf sea breezes colliding over Southwest Florida, which could
    result in flash flooding concerns for urban areas. Therefore, there
    is a Marginal Risk of excessive rainfall for urban areas along the
    west coast of the Florida Peninsula from Tampa south.

    Dolan
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 12 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE SOUTHERN
    PLAINS TO THE NORTHEAST AND FOR CENTRAL AND SOUTHWEST FLORIDA...

    21Z update... The latest guidance had an uptick in QPF across
    portions of southern Florida in association with the seabreeze
    induced convection on the western side of the peninsula. This
    warranted a minor reshaping of the southern bounds of the Marginal
    Risk currently in effect. Elsewhere... there will be potential for
    heavy rainfall all along the draped frontal boundary from the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic region and westward to the Southern/Central
    Plains. Some areas have have recent rain to lower local FFGs which
    increase the risk for isolated areas of flooding concerns. No
    changes were made with this update for this part of the country.

    Campbell

    On Friday, an upper level trough will push across the Northeast and
    drive a cold front across the eastern and south-central United
    States. Scattered showers and storms are expected to develop as the
    frontal boundary interacts with the anomalously warm and moist air
    mass, and increased shear in the vicinity of the trough will
    likely support some deeper organized convection in portions of the
    Mid-Atlantic and Northeast. Moisture will pool ahead of the front,
    and PWAT values are forecast to rise above 2 inches from the
    southern Plains to the Northeast, which will allow for efficient
    rainfall rates. Flash flood potential should be somewhat limited by
    the speed of the front; however, locally heavy rainfall may lead
    to isolated instances of flash flooding. Storms over the southern
    Plains will move slower as the frontal boundary becomes quasi-
    stationary, which may result in some areas of higher rainfall
    totals. A mid-level wave is expected to move east across the
    central/southern Plains Friday evening, which should lift the
    frontal boundary north as a warm front and support a wave of
    enhanced convection Friday night. There is still quite a bit of
    uncertainty in where this area of convection will develop, but
    there will likely be some enhanced flash flood potential over
    portions of the central/southern Plains. Further southwest,
    southeasterly flow and increasing moisture will support enhanced
    showers and storms over West Texas and eastern New Mexico, which
    may create flooding concerns in the vicinity of the Guadalupe and
    Sacramento mountains and in burn scar areas. A Marginal Risk of
    excessive rainfall stretches from the southern Plains to the
    Northeast to cover these threats. Elsewhere, heavy rainfall will
    also be possible in Florida where anomalous moisture will reside.
    Convection along the sea breezes will have the potential to produce
    very heavy rainfall that could lead to flooding concerns for urban
    areas in Central and Southwest Florida. A Marginal Risk area has
    been introduced to cover these threats.

    Dolan
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS AND MID/LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    21Z update... There is a growing signal for a concentration of
    areal average QPF of 3-5 inches to focus in the vicinity of
    eastern Kansas/Oklahoma and southwest Missouri, with the potential
    for very isolated maximums greater than 5 inches. This part of the
    region will likely be on the higher end of the Slight Risk threat
    for this period with more instances of flooding. Elsewhere, the
    latest QPF trends reflect the areas highlighted by the Marginal
    Risk already in place therefore no changes were necessary at this
    time.

    Campbell

    On Saturday, several features will come together to support a heavy
    rainfall threat over the central United States. An upper level
    trough will drop south into the central U.S. while several southern
    stream waves move northeast into the Plains ahead of this feature.
    At the surface, a warm front will lift across the south-central
    U.S. while a cold front moves south across the north-central U.S.,
    creating an area of strong convergence from the central Plains to
    the Mid/Lower Mississippi Valley. In addition to strong synoptic
    forcing, a very warm, moist, and unstable air mass will be in place,
    which will support the development of numerous showers and storms
    with efficient rainfall rates. These features should stall for a
    period as they come together, resulting in an area of very heavy
    rainfall. A Slight Risk is in effect where the heaviest rainfall
    totals are expected from the central Plains to the Mid/Lower
    Mississippi Valley. Locally heavy rainfall will also be possible in
    showers and storms forming along the cold front in the Midwest,
    and isolated flash flooding will be a concern, especially after
    heavy rainfall expected on Day 1/Thursday. Locally heavy rainfall
    may also be possible across West Texas and eastern New Mexico where southeasterly flow may support terrain induced precipitation. A
    Marginal Risk of excessive rainfall surrounds the Slight and
    extends from West Texas and eastern New Mexico to the Great Lakes.

    Dolan
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    The dayshift guidance continued to support the previous set of
    model runs by showing a broad, amplifying trough prevailing over
    over much of the eastern two-thirds of the CONUS this period. As
    shortwave energy drops into the base of broad trough and further
    amplifies it, the associated frontal boundary is expected to push
    well south into the southern Plains and lower Mississippi Valley on
    Sunday. Height falls aloft tied to the amplification leads to
    increasing southerly flow and moisture advection from the western
    Gulf will support deepening moisture along and ahead of the front.
    At the same time, upper level jet dynamics and mid- level energy
    provide areas of enhanced ascent. Coinciding with the deepest
    moisture (PWs at or above 2 inches) and some of the better forcing,
    a Slight Risk was maintained on Day 4 from southeastern Oklahoma
    and northeastern Texas over to central Mississippi. Farther north,
    an upslope component to the low level flow interacting with mid
    level energy dropping into the broader scale trough is expected to
    help initiate storms capable of producing locally heavy amounts and
    isolated flash flooding concerns as far north as the Colorado
    Rockies.

    By Monday, the front is expected to move more slowly to
    the south and east. As it does, moisture will continue to pool
    along the boundary, with both the GFS and ECMWF showing PWs
    increasing to over 2.25 inches (more than 2.5 std dev above normal)
    from South Texas to southern Alabama. Given the potential highly-
    efficient rainfall production and for the potential of training
    showers and thunderstorms, heavy amounts and flash flooding will be
    a likely concern across this area. A Slight Risk was drawn where
    the latest guidance showed the greater overlap between the deeper
    moisture and better forcing. Will continue to monitor this area for
    potential upgrades, especially if the model signal for heavy
    amounts continues to increase or show successive days of heavy
    rainfall across the same areas.

    Pereira/Bann
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9sF2em-3_Iy_95goa4NDS_Isco8Pjj2bBy26rWbxxudy= E0B7Yp_jXYAWo6xIr-WziWtsWTYfNtDw9CdUyAJjLU469uE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9sF2em-3_Iy_95goa4NDS_Isco8Pjj2bBy26rWbxxudy= E0B7Yp_jXYAWo6xIr-WziWtsWTYfNtDw9CdUyAJjAFwIDFg$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9sF2em-3_Iy_95goa4NDS_Isco8Pjj2bBy26rWbxxudy= E0B7Yp_jXYAWo6xIr-WziWtsWTYfNtDw9CdUyAJjcf1Zwz4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 12, 2026 00:30:41
    FOUS30 KWBC 120030
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    830 PM EDT Thu Jun 11 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Fri Jun 12 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 12 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    MIDWEST...

    01Z Update...
    Main changes were limited to removing areas where convective has
    exited in the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes and in parts of New York of Pennsylvania. Heavy rainfall was still being produced by
    convection making its way across the southern Great Lakes into
    parts of the Mid-Mississippi Valley where deep moisture remained in
    place ahead of an advancing cold front and a jet streak aloft was
    providing good upper level support.

    In the eastern US from parts of southern New York into the Mid-
    Atlantic region...locally heavy rainfall could still result in
    isolated instances for flooding. However...the threat is being
    mitigated by progressive forward speed of the storms and by the
    loss of daytime heating.

    Bann

    16Z update...
    Several locations picked up 1 to 4 inches of rain overnight for
    the Midwest/Upper Midwest with the organized convection; prolonging
    the multi-day wet pattern for much of Iowa and ongoing areal
    flooding. Training and backbuilding of thunderstorms are expected
    to persist during the afternoon and into the evening hours for
    parts of Iowa and Illinois which will keep an elevated threat for
    scattered flash flooding while another round of convection lifts
    northeast into Wisconsin and Michigan with hourly rainfall rates.
    The Slight Risk area was expanded northward along the northern
    boundary in Wisconsin and lower Michigan. Refer to WPC MPD 384 for
    additional details.

    Campbell

    Early this morning, a frontal wave developed over the central
    Plains ahead of a strong upper level trough that will lift into the
    Midwest today. This wave of low pressure is forecast to surge
    northeast into the Midwest and be accompanied by an area of
    enhanced convection in the vicinity of the low. A strengthening low
    level jet on the leading edge of this disturbance will bring a
    surge of moisture (PWAT values > 2 inches) and instability (MUCAPE
    3000 J/kg) into the Midwest and create a sheared environment that
    will allow for organized convection with highly efficient rainfall
    rates up to 2-4 inches per hour. A Slight Risk of excessive
    rainfall is in effect for portions of the Midwest where the hi-res
    CAMs are showing the highest rainfall totals. There was some
    consideration of upgrading to a Moderate Risk for portions of Iowa,
    Wisconsin, and Illinois given recent heavy rains and soil
    saturation, but the highest rainfall totals today are forecast to
    be displaced to the north of where the heaviest rain fell on
    Wednesday, which should keep the risk of flash flooding more in
    line with a high-end Slight. On the backside of the frontal wave,
    the cold front will surge southeast across the central and southern
    Plains this afternoon with showers and storms expected to form
    along the front. Given the highly moist and unstable environment on
    the warm side of the boundary, these storms will be capable of
    producing high rainfall rates, but the progressive nature of the
    front should help limit the risk of flash flooding. A Marginal Risk
    area extends back into the southern Plains where locally heavy
    rainfall may lead to isolated instances of flash flooding.

    .Ohio Valley to Mid-Atlantic...

    An upper level shortwave trough is expected to move southeast
    across the Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic today, which will provide
    upper level support for the development of scattered showers and
    storms this afternoon. Warm, moist air will be in place across
    these regions, with PWAT values generally ranging from 1.75-2
    inches, which will support rainfall rates of 1-2 inches. Elevated
    instability (>2000 J/kg) should allow for some deeper convective
    cells that will be capable of producing locally heavy rainfall.
    Isolated instances of flash flooding will be possible, especially
    if heavy rain occurs in urban environments, so there is a Marginal
    Risk of excessive rainfall extending from the Ohio Valley to the
    Mid-Atlantic. Northwesterly upslope flow will also result in
    enhanced precipitation totals along the central Appalachians that
    could create isolated flooding concerns in this region as well,
    which is included in the Marginal Risk area.

    .Southwest Florida...

    Southeasterly flow has increased PWAT values above 2 inches across
    Central and South Florida, which will allow for very heavy
    rainfall rates of 2-4 inches per hour in convection along the sea
    breeze boundaries this afternoon. Hi-res CAMs show the Atlantic and
    Gulf sea breezes colliding over Southwest Florida, which could
    result in flash flooding concerns for urban areas. Therefore, there
    is a Marginal Risk of excessive rainfall for urban areas along the
    west coast of the Florida Peninsula from Tampa south.

    Dolan
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 12 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE SOUTHERN
    PLAINS TO THE NORTHEAST AND FOR CENTRAL AND SOUTHWEST FLORIDA...

    21Z update... The latest guidance had an uptick in QPF across
    portions of southern Florida in association with the seabreeze
    induced convection on the western side of the peninsula. This
    warranted a minor reshaping of the southern bounds of the Marginal
    Risk currently in effect. Elsewhere... there will be potential for
    heavy rainfall all along the draped frontal boundary from the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic region and westward to the Southern/Central
    Plains. Some areas have have recent rain to lower local FFGs which
    increase the risk for isolated areas of flooding concerns. No
    changes were made with this update for this part of the country.

    Campbell

    On Friday, an upper level trough will push across the Northeast and
    drive a cold front across the eastern and south-central United
    States. Scattered showers and storms are expected to develop as the
    frontal boundary interacts with the anomalously warm and moist air
    mass, and increased shear in the vicinity of the trough will
    likely support some deeper organized convection in portions of the
    Mid-Atlantic and Northeast. Moisture will pool ahead of the front,
    and PWAT values are forecast to rise above 2 inches from the
    southern Plains to the Northeast, which will allow for efficient
    rainfall rates. Flash flood potential should be somewhat limited by
    the speed of the front; however, locally heavy rainfall may lead
    to isolated instances of flash flooding. Storms over the southern
    Plains will move slower as the frontal boundary becomes quasi-
    stationary, which may result in some areas of higher rainfall
    totals. A mid-level wave is expected to move east across the
    central/southern Plains Friday evening, which should lift the
    frontal boundary north as a warm front and support a wave of
    enhanced convection Friday night. There is still quite a bit of
    uncertainty in where this area of convection will develop, but
    there will likely be some enhanced flash flood potential over
    portions of the central/southern Plains. Further southwest,
    southeasterly flow and increasing moisture will support enhanced
    showers and storms over West Texas and eastern New Mexico, which
    may create flooding concerns in the vicinity of the Guadalupe and
    Sacramento mountains and in burn scar areas. A Marginal Risk of
    excessive rainfall stretches from the southern Plains to the
    Northeast to cover these threats. Elsewhere, heavy rainfall will
    also be possible in Florida where anomalous moisture will reside.
    Convection along the sea breezes will have the potential to produce
    very heavy rainfall that could lead to flooding concerns for urban
    areas in Central and Southwest Florida. A Marginal Risk area has
    been introduced to cover these threats.

    Dolan
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS AND MID/LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    21Z update... There is a growing signal for a concentration of
    areal average QPF of 3-5 inches to focus in the vicinity of
    eastern Kansas/Oklahoma and southwest Misouri, with the potential
    for very isolated maximums greater than 5 inches. This part of the
    region will likely be on the higher end of the Slight Risk threat
    for this period with more instances of flooding. Elsewhere, the
    latest QPF trends reflect the areas highlighted by the Marginal
    Risk already in place therefore no changes were necessary at this
    time.

    Campbell

    On Saturday, several features will come together to support a heavy
    rainfall threat over the central United States. An upper level
    trough will drop south into the central U.S. while several southern
    stream waves move northeast into the Plains ahead of this feature.
    At the surface, a warm front will lift across the south-central
    U.S. while a cold front moves south across the north-central U.S.,
    creating an area of strong convergence from the central Plains to
    the Mid/Lower Mississippi Valley. In addition to strong synoptic
    forcing, a very warm, moist, and unstable air mass will be in place,
    which will support the development of numerous showers and storms
    with efficient rainfall rates. These features should stall for a
    period as they come together, resulting in an area of very heavy
    rainfall. A Slight Risk is in effect where the heaviest rainfall
    totals are expected from the central Plains to the Mid/Lower
    Mississippi Valley. Locally heavy rainfall will also be possible in
    showers and storms forming along the cold front in the Midwest,
    and isolated flash flooding will be a concern, especially after
    heavy rainfall expected on Day 1/Thursday. Locally heavy rainfall
    may also be possible across West Texas and eastern New Mexico where southeasterly flow may support terrain induced precipitation. A
    Marginal Risk of excessive rainfall surrounds the Slight and
    extends from West Texas and eastern New Mexico to the Great Lakes.

    Dolan
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    The dayshift guidance continued to support the previous set of
    model runs by showing a broad, amplifying trough prevailing over
    over much of the eastern two-thirds of the CONUS this period. As
    shortwave energy drops into the base of broad trough and further
    amplifies it, the associated frontal boundary is expected to push
    well south into the southern Plains and lower Mississippi Valley on
    Sunday. Height falls aloft tied to the amplification leads to
    increasing southerly flow and moisture advection from the western
    Gulf will support deepening moisture along and ahead of the front.
    At the same time, upper level jet dynamics and mid- level energy
    provide areas of enhanced ascent. Coinciding with the deepest
    moisture (PWs at or above 2 inches) and some of the better forcing,
    a Slight Risk was maintained on Day 4 from southeastern Oklahoma
    and northeastern Texas over to central Mississippi. Farther north,
    an upslope component to the low level flow interacting with mid
    level energy dropping into the broader scale trough is expected to
    help initiate storms capable of producing locally heavy amounts and
    isolated flash flooding concerns as far north as the Colorado
    Rockies.

    By Monday, the front is expected to move more slowly to
    the south and east. As it does, moisture will continue to pool
    along the boundary, with both the GFS and ECMWF showing PWs
    increasing to over 2.25 inches (more than 2.5 std dev above normal)
    from South Texas to southern Alabama. Given the potential highly-
    efficient rainfall production and for the potential of training
    showers and thunderstorms, heavy amounts and flash flooding will be
    a likely concern across this area. A Slight Risk was drawn where
    the latest guidance showed the greater overlap between the deeper
    moisture and better forcing. Will continue to monitor this area for
    potential upgrades, especially if the model signal for heavy
    amounts continues to increase or show successive days of heavy
    rainfall across the same areas.

    Pereira/Bann
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_ug9s5ToBwNhx79jcbzPiYfbg5AU2zTmmmcPoGQM4j_I= zhmTutSnb6WB9NkPGcVtdr1swrqyMLf1D1PHgjBJuSj3nXU$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_ug9s5ToBwNhx79jcbzPiYfbg5AU2zTmmmcPoGQM4j_I= zhmTutSnb6WB9NkPGcVtdr1swrqyMLf1D1PHgjBJKUuqz5M$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_ug9s5ToBwNhx79jcbzPiYfbg5AU2zTmmmcPoGQM4j_I= zhmTutSnb6WB9NkPGcVtdr1swrqyMLf1D1PHgjBJDbvgj3Q$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 12, 2026 08:08:42
    FOUS30 KWBC 120808
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    408 AM EDT Fri Jun 12 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 12 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM THE SOUTHERN
    ROCKIES THROUGH THE MID-SOUTH, MID-ATLANTIC, AND NORTHEAST AS WELL
    AS FOR CENTRAL AND SOUTHWEST FLORIDA...

    ...South-Central States through Northeast...

    An upper trough over Michigan early this morning will shift east
    across the Northeast through tonight. Prefrontal activity ahead of
    the associated cold front persists over Lake Erie and the lower
    Ohio Valley with stronger activity over the Oklahoma/Arkansas
    border early this morning. Deep moist convection develops diurnally
    today ahead of the cold front east of the Mid-South and a warm
    front lifting over the southern Plains. An extensive Marginal Risk
    remains from the southern Rockies/Sacramento and Davis Mtns across Texas/Oklahoma, the Mid-South/Tennessee Valley and over New
    England. Some activity is still progged over the Central
    Appalachians, so the Marginal Risk was maintained there, though it
    is a notably low risk compared to northern New England and the
    Tennessee Valley where PW anomalies are over 2 sigma (more like a
    peak of 1.5 sigma in the Mid-Atlantic). Most of this activity will
    be fairly progressive hence no Slight Risks at this time.

    Some trimming of the north side to the Marginal Risk was made,
    though timing tonight with surging Gulf moisture limits that
    reduction, particularly based on the 06Z HRRR with central
    Missouri activity late tonight.

    ...Central and Southwest Florida...
    Anomalous moisture will reside over southwest and central portions
    of the Florida Peninsula today, though it should be a little less
    in terms of PW compared to Thursday. Convection along the sea
    breezes should produce very heavy rainfall that could lead to
    flooding concerns for urban areas in Central and Southwest Florida.
    A Marginal Risk remains in effect with Tampa Bay removed due to CAM
    consensus to the east/south of there.

    Jackson
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS THROUGH THE MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO THE
    LOWER OHIO VALLEY...

    An upper trough swings down the northern Plains Saturday, pushing a
    cold front across the central Plains and Midwest through Saturday
    night. Meanwhile, a warm front tracks from Oklahoma through
    Illinois ahead of the cold front, creating focus for strong
    convergence in a very warm, moist, and unstable air mass. Resultant
    heavy thunderstorms look to organize and repeat from the central Kansas/Oklahoma border through central/southern Illinois and
    western Kentucky where the Slight Risk was expanded a bit.
    Particular focus for heavy rain remains near the Kansas/Missouri
    border where a higher than normal Slight Risk is noted. Scattered
    instances of flash flooding can be expected and a targeted Moderate
    Risk is possible.

    More isolated heavy thunderstorms are also expected over the
    eastern New Mexico and west Texas terrain and nearby plains where
    the Marginal Risk remains.

    The Marginal Risk was removed from most of Michigan based on the
    00Z high-res solutions available with little PW anomaly noted.

    Jackson
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    TEXAS AND THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...Southern Rockies, Texas to Southeast...

    A cold front pushes down the Southern Plains into Texas on Sunday.
    This shunts the heavy rain focus south of Saturday and provides a
    strong focus for convective development in a rich Gulf-sourced
    moisture environment. PW anomalies are 2 to 3 sigma above normal
    across Texas (south of the Panhandle) by that afternoon with 2
    sigma anomalies expanding east to Alabama by late Sunday night.
    Expansion of the Slight Risk to both North Texas and the Houston
    metro areas are warranted given the environment as well as the 00Z
    consensus of the UKMET and EC-AIFS for the Houston area, and the
    RRFS and RDPS for North Texas. Furthermore, a decent signal for
    lasting thunderstorm development is over West Texas in the Permian
    Basin into the Concho Valley, so a Slight Risk was raised there as
    well.

    Additional terrain driven diurnal activity is expected over the
    Southern Rockies/Sacramento and Davis Mtns. This activity should
    spread southeast through the evening, so the Marginal Risk was
    expanded over the southern High Plains.

    A surge of moisture up the southern Appalachians Sunday morning
    brings enough of a heavy rain threat for a Marginal Risk expansion
    up to the westernmost section of Virgina.
    ...Hampton Roads and Delmarva...
    Southwesterly low level flow from the Carolinas bring 2" PW to the
    Mid- Atlantic coast Sunday afternoon ahead of a cold frontal
    passage that night. Evening thunderstorms should be heavy and slow
    enough to warrant a Marginal Risk.

    Jackson
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026
    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    Overall, not much change from the previous forecast, with the
    overnight guidance continuing to present a good signal for highly-
    efficient training storms along a slow-moving front settling into
    the region.

    Models continue to show a cold front settling slowly south though
    the southern Plains, lower Mississippi Valley, and the Southeast as
    shortwave energy gradually amplifies a broad upper trough centered
    along the Mississippi Valley on Monday. A deepening pool of
    moisture along the front, fed by southerly low level inflow from
    the western Gulf, will fuel the potential for highly-efficient
    showers and storms. Guidance continues to show PWs increasing to
    2.25 inches (2.5 to 3 std dev above normal) along and ahead the
    front from south South Texas to southern Alabama on Monday.
    Interacting with this moisture is expected to be an area of
    enhanced ascent provided by right-entrance region upper jet forcing
    positioned along the base of the amplifying trough. In addition to
    the deep moisture and large-scale ascent, repeating storms are
    expected to raise the potential for heavy amounts and flash
    flooding concerns. A Slight Risk was maintained from southeastern
    Texas to central and southern Alabama on Day 4.
    By Tuesday, the upper trough axis begins to shift to the east,
    pushing the front, deeper moisture, and the better chance for heavy
    rain farther south and east along the Gulf Coast. For Day 5, a
    Slight Risk was drawn from southeatern Lousiana to southwestern
    Georgia.

    While Slight Risks were drawn for both periods, given the potential
    for several inches of rain in some locations, an upgrade to a
    Moderate Risk may be required in future updates if the signal
    persists as the event draws nearer.

    Pereira
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9uqkBYD4Xza9GrI5aZf9pl7QWlCl5x-WwEdz4mRtFrob= IyKWpmUU0qE1_V8cq7W-3qlWhlrxbuECwCImC15ds_4N6mw$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9uqkBYD4Xza9GrI5aZf9pl7QWlCl5x-WwEdz4mRtFrob= IyKWpmUU0qE1_V8cq7W-3qlWhlrxbuECwCImC15dpfhzTVQ$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9uqkBYD4Xza9GrI5aZf9pl7QWlCl5x-WwEdz4mRtFrob= IyKWpmUU0qE1_V8cq7W-3qlWhlrxbuECwCImC15dIBuJmsE$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 12, 2026 20:01:38
    FOUS30 KWBC 122001
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    401 PM EDT Fri Jun 12 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Fri Jun 12 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    EASTERN KANSAS, SOUTHWEST MISSOURI, AND NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...Northern New England...

    16Z Update: Quasi-stationary front across ME will be a focal point
    for heavy convection late this morning and afternoon. 12z sounding
    out of KGYX depicted a robust, deep moist profile with PWATs well-
    above normal (1.92"), hitting closer to the 99th percentile when
    adjusted for climatology. A stout warm cloud layer presence was
    also noted on the morning sounding with the WBZ height right around
    13-13.5k ft, a sounding more respectable for environments based in
    the south, let alone northern New England. These type of
    environmental conditions lend to efficient warm rain processes that
    are notorious for overperformance within any precipitation schema,
    but especially anything convectively driven. Reports this morning
    from just area showers and isolated thunderstorms produced one to
    locally two inches of precipitation across portions of New England
    in the past 6 hours, a testament to the efficiency of the rainfall.
    Complex terrain and flashier streams and rivers across northern New
    England offer better potential for flash flood concerns when
    convective activity is introduced and today offers one of the
    better potentials in quite a long time. Flow will be weak as
    steering flow remains meager leading to slow-moving showers and
    thunderstorms likely to materialize in proxy to western ME into
    northern NH with heavy rain potential of 1-2"/hr plausible in the
    stronger cell cores. Considering the light and variable flow within
    proximity to the terrain, a quick 1-2+ inches can cause issues in
    regards to flash flooding as has been historically the case for
    these types of environmental conditions in place. 12z HREF
    neighborhood probabilities for >3" are quite robust with a
    formidable area of >70% probability for the referenced threshold.
    This alone is more than enough to justify a targeted SLGT risk
    upgrade for the period, which has been introduced in coordination
    with the local ME offices. Timing for the threat will occur between
    now and sunset with the loss of diurnal heat flux likely to put an
    end to the threat as a cold front approaches out of Quebec.

    Kleebauer

    ...Eastern Kansas into Southwest Missouri...

    Highly conditional setup for significant rainfall exists across
    portions of the central CONUS with the main axis of potential
    aligned over eastern KS down into southwest MO. Recent rainfall
    over the region has provided a decent soak to the top soil layer
    with elevated streamflows being seen across portions of the above
    area. A mid-level vorticity maxima is forecast to motion out of the
    adjacent High Plains of eastern CO and western KS with a migration
    eastward within the mean flow aloft. Some CAMs are pretty
    aggressive with the potential for convection to fire across eastern
    KS and motion southeast into MO as we move into the back end of the
    forecast period. The timing of the disturbance entering the area
    coupled with a nosing 850mb LLJ over KS would in theory aid to the
    development of convection with a rapidly improving mid-level shear
    profile capable of sustaining a stronger mesocyclone initiation
    leading to a focus of heavy precipitation. The HRRR/NAMNest are the
    most aggressive with this signature with the AIFS also inferring at
    least the threat of some convective development in that 06-12z
    Sat window. Recent HREF neighborhood probs for >2" have adjusted up
    closer to 20-30%, doubling the previous probabilities from the last
    forecast cycle. HREF EAS still remains weak in the depiction which
    exemplifies the conditional nature of the threat, and a split in
    the guidance on handling the convective potential and eventual
    evolution.

    Despite the conditionality of the risk, there was a SLGT risk added
    to the area for two reasons. The first was the antecedent soil
    moisture and streamflows are currently conducive for flash flood
    capabilities as any heavy rainfall will pose a threat for run off
    and hydrologic issues. The second is the environmental conditions
    leading in are genuinely favorable for locally higher rates within
    any cells that do materialize as PWATs remain 1-2 standard
    deviations above normal across the region. Models that do show the
    rapid convective development and impacts are depicting rates
    between 2-3"/hr at peak, a range that would easily breach the
    current hourly FFG threshold in place over much of the area
    (1-1.5"/hr). In coordination with the local WFO's across the area,
    the SLGT risk was added for the conditional threat.

    Kleebauer

    ...West Texas...

    Modest theta_E ridge across southwest TX into the High Plains of NM
    will allow for sufficient low to mid-level buoyancy this afternoon
    ahead of a weak diffluent axis approaching from the west during the
    period. MUCAPE between 1000-2500 J/kg will be positioned across the
    western RGV up through the mountains of southwest TX through the
    Upper Trans Pecos, plenty enough instability to maintain isolated
    strong convective cores to materialize across the area. Initiation
    will likely occur over the Sacramento Foothills down into the Davis
    Mountains with cells likely drifting eastward off the terrain and
    migrating into the adjacent High Plains. Isolated flash flood
    concerns will arise from the convection in the area, enough of a
    signal to warrant a continuation of a MRGL risk across the region.

    Kleebauer

    ...Central and Southwest Florida...

    16Z Update: No changes to the previous forecast as the 12z guidance
    remains consistent in its interpretation of locally heavy rainfall
    across central and southwest FL this afternoon with the main
    threat along the sea breeze(s) and any convergence. 12z HREF
    neighborhood probs for >5" are between 40-70% across south-central
    FL towards the southwest FL coast, a signal relevant enough to
    maintain continuity from previous forecast.

    Kleebauer

    ..Previous Discussion..

    Anomalous moisture will reside over southwest and central portions
    of the Florida Peninsula today, though it should be a little less
    in terms of PW compared to Thursday. Convection along the sea
    breezes should produce very heavy rainfall that could lead to
    flooding concerns for urban areas in Central and Southwest Florida.
    A Marginal Risk remains in effect with Tampa Bay removed due to CAM
    consensus to the east/south of there.

    Jackson
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    EASTERN KANSAS AND SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...

    ...Central Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    20Z Update: In coordination with the local WFO's across eastern
    Kansas into Missouri, a Moderate Risk was issued for the D2 period
    with emphasis across eastern Kansas into southwestern Missouri.
    Deep moist environment will preclude the arrival of a prominent
    shortwave ejecting into the Central Plains, making headway into the mid-Mississippi Valley on Saturday afternoon and evening.
    Instability gradient will be present across northern MO into Iowa
    as a cold front begins to slowly press south with the guide of a
    potent shortwave trough dropping out of Canada. This is the making
    of an increasingly convergent low to mid-level setup within a very
    favorable environment across the nation's mid-section.

    Instability across eastern KS into MO will be quite robust with
    model forecast MUCAPE along and east of I-35 into the 3500-5000
    J/kg range by the time we reach peak diurnal heating. Coupled with
    a deep moisture pool in the column, any convective development will
    comprise of significant rainfall rates as noted via elevated hourly
    and 3-hourly prob fields within the latest 12z HREF. Deterministic
    output from various CAMs indicate rates between 2-3"/hr with likely
    higher intra-hour rates exceeding 4" at times, especially as you
    get further south into southeastern KS and southern MO where
    instability will be maximized. QPF forecasts are consistent for
    2-4" totals across the area south of Topeka down into the
    Joplin/Springfield region of southwestern MO. Kansas City at this
    time on the edge of the potential with a split in guidance on where
    the heaviest precip will reside for the northern and northeast
    periphery of any established maxima. Considering such a close
    proximity to the max, and the D2 error in convective forecasting
    still a concern, there's potential that the urban center can get
    into some of the heavy precip as it materializes on Saturday
    evening. With a Flood Watch issued over the metro and surrounds,
    decided to include the city in the MDT risk to maintain consistent
    messaging and signaling a heightened threat compared to normal.

    A high-end SLGT is forecast for much of the remainder of Missouri
    not encompassed within the MDT risk. There could very well be an
    initial round of thunderstorms in the morning across southern MO in
    conjunction to the shortwave moving across the area as referenced
    in the D1 update. Any rainfall occurring would be a priming
    scenario for what would transpire later as the cold front to the
    north begins pushing south with a strong low-level convergence
    pattern taking shape over the mid-Mississippi Valley. The area of
    greatest concern, outside the MDT risk, is likely across
    northeastern MO where recent rainfall over the past 72hrs have led
    to significant flash flooding over portions of the area allowing
    for highly compromised soils and swollen streams and creek beds
    located in the area. Local FFG's in the 1/3/6 hour thresholds
    continue to run much lower than normal with most of the thresholds
    between 1-2" for either temporal range meaning any heavy convection
    will be susceptible to flash flood prospects. As of now, the saving
    grace for areas north of I-70 will be a majority of the precip will
    be due to the frontal progression and any convection should be more
    progressive in the grand scheme. This typically negates significant
    flooding prospects as rainfall will only last for so long before it
    moves away and we see a de-escalation of hydrologic impacts. In any
    case, the threat is still elevated across much of the mid-
    Mississippi Valley, so the period will bear watching for any short
    term upgrade potential if trends allow.

    ...Midwest...

    20Z Update: A strong cold front will migrate through the region
    allowing for convective initiation over the Central Midwest into
    the western Great Lakes, overlapping areas that have been hit
    recently with periods of heavy rainfall. The highest potential is
    across southern and eastern IA into northern IL where significant
    rains have impacted area FFG's considerably over the past 72hrs
    meaning chances for flash flooding are easier to attain.
    Progressive nature of precip is the reason this area is just
    outside the more significant rainfall prospects, however
    environmental conditions are still favorable over the area with
    deep moisture pooled as far north as I-80 for the setup. As the
    front moves out of the area, drier air will advect into the region
    in its wake ending the threat for the rest of the forecast period.
    Widespread 1-3" with local to 4" is forecast in this area of the
    CONUS, certainly enough to cause scattered flash flood threats as
    the pattern evolves when you couple with the lower FFG's in place.
    A broad SLGT risk is forecast for the potential.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    TEXAS AND THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    20Z Update: Little changes were necessary for the D3 period as
    guidance remained fairly consistent on the premise of heavy
    rainfall across the Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley on
    Sunday. The SLGT risk across west TX was pushed further west into
    southeastern NM to reflect the latest QPF increase from 12z
    guidance. Overall synoptic pattern remains favorable heavy rain
    across much of the area south of I-40 with the heaviest rain likely
    to occur over the Lower Mississippi Valley given the approach of
    the cold front to the north and a very moisture rich environment
    thanks to advection of Gulf air. Will be monitoring closely for any
    targeted upgrades, but will likely have to see how the previous
    period's convection evolves before doing so.

    Kleebauer

    ...Southern Rockies, Texas to Southeast...

    A cold front pushes down the Southern Plains into Texas on Sunday.
    This shunts the heavy rain focus south of Saturday and provides a
    strong focus for convective development in a rich Gulf-sourced
    moisture environment. PW anomalies are 2 to 3 sigma above normal
    across Texas (south of the Panhandle) by that afternoon with 2
    sigma anomalies expanding east to Alabama by late Sunday night.
    Expansion of the Slight Risk to both North Texas and the Houston
    metro areas are warranted given the environment as well as the 00Z
    consensus of the UKMET and EC-AIFS for the Houston area, and the
    RRFS and RDPS for North Texas. Furthermore, a decent signal for
    lasting thunderstorm development is over West Texas in the Permian
    Basin into the Concho Valley, so a Slight Risk was raised there as
    well.

    Additional terrain driven diurnal activity is expected over the
    Southern Rockies/Sacramento and Davis Mtns. This activity should
    spread southeast through the evening, so the Marginal Risk was
    expanded over the southern High Plains.

    A surge of moisture up the southern Appalachians Sunday morning
    brings enough of a heavy rain threat for a Marginal Risk expansion
    up to the westernmost section of Virgina.

    ...Hampton Roads and Delmarva...

    Southwesterly low level flow from the Carolinas bring 2" PW to the
    Mid- Atlantic coast Sunday afternoon ahead of a cold frontal
    passage that night. Evening thunderstorms should be heavy and slow
    enough to warrant a Marginal Risk.

    Jackson
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    20Z Update...
    The suite of 12Z guidance has largely remained consistent with the
    large scale flow pattern and the higher chances of heavy to
    excessive rainfall being confined in proximity to the gulf coast.
    There was little need to make more than subtle nudges to the
    Marginal Risk areas in the previously-issued outlook...and no
    changes were made to the Slight risk areas on either day,

    Bann

    ..Previous Excessive Rainfall Discussion..

    Overall, not much change from the previous forecast, with the=20
    overnight guidance continuing to present a good signal for highly-=20
    efficient training storms along a slow-moving front settling into=20
    the region. Models continue to show a cold front settling slowly=20
    south though the southern Plains, lower Mississippi Valley, and the
    Southeast as shortwave energy gradually amplifies a broad upper=20
    trough centered along the Mississippi Valley on Monday. A deepening
    pool of moisture along the front, fed by southerly low level=20
    inflow from the western Gulf, will fuel the potential for highly-
    efficient showers and storms. Guidance continues to show PWs=20
    increasing to 2.25 inches (2.5 to 3 std dev above normal) along and
    ahead the front from south South Texas to southern Alabama on=20
    Monday. Interacting with this moisture is expected to be an area of
    enhanced ascent provided by right-entrance region upper jet=20
    forcing positioned along the base of the amplifying trough. In=20
    addition to the deep moisture and large-scale ascent, repeating=20
    storms are expected to raise the potential for heavy amounts and=20
    flash flooding concerns. A Slight Risk was maintained from=20
    southeastern Texas to central and southern Alabama on Day 4. By=20
    Tuesday, the upper trough axis begins to shift to the east, pushing
    the front, deeper moisture, and the better chance for heavy rain=20
    farther south and east along the Gulf Coast. For Day 5, a Slight=20
    Risk was drawn from southeastern Louisiana to southwestern Georgia.
    While Slight Risks were drawn for both periods, given the=20
    potential for several inches of rain in some locations, an upgrade=20
    to a Moderate Risk may be required in future updates if the signal=20
    persists as the event draws nearer.=20

    Pereira
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7RXFVdqj7clzxeeyXrxbK1oLLRUK83XseLw67eNxZ3sS= pslzmefT6HHcawoJzJRLb-1pJ6t0UZkCNIQrYeTNPUMxZ-M$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7RXFVdqj7clzxeeyXrxbK1oLLRUK83XseLw67eNxZ3sS= pslzmefT6HHcawoJzJRLb-1pJ6t0UZkCNIQrYeTNHvEFvBQ$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7RXFVdqj7clzxeeyXrxbK1oLLRUK83XseLw67eNxZ3sS= pslzmefT6HHcawoJzJRLb-1pJ6t0UZkCNIQrYeTN99Ltf-Y$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 13, 2026 00:58:45
    FOUS30 KWBC 130058
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    858 PM EDT Fri Jun 12 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    EASTERN KANSAS, SOUTHWEST MISSOURI, AND NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...Northern New England...
    Decreasing intensity and decreasing areal coverage on radar imagery
    combined with warming cloud top temperatures shown on satellite
    imagery point to a rapidly diminishing excessive rainfall threat.
    The Slight and Marginal areas were removed from the Northeast.

    Mid-Atlantic Region.
    The downward trend in rainfall intensity noted in New England was
    also occurring in the Mid-Atlantic region...but the convection was
    still strong enough to support localized rainfall rates in excess
    of an inch per hour. The threat is expected to diminish
    quickly...perhaps as early as 03Z or 04Z...given the loss of
    daytime heating. However it was too early to remove the Marginal
    in this part of the country.

    Eastern Kansas into Southwest Missouri...
    Maintained the Slight Risk area from parts of Kansas into
    southwestern Missouri in deference to latest CAMs showing upscale
    growth of convection later tonight as storms initially over parts
    of Colorado and New Mexico move eastward and encounter greater
    instability and forcing. The 00Z sounding at DDC showed 30 kt
    southerly flow above 850 mb that was drawing higher dewpoints into
    the region. The latest mesoscale guidance has a good signal for
    heavy rainfall...with the expectation that hourly rainfall rates
    reach 2.5 inches per hour with total amounts to 4 hours that
    results in isolated to widely scattered flash flooding. There
    latest CAMs introduce some doubt about the northern extent of
    rainfall in Kansas and Missouri...but daytime runs of the HREF and
    REFS consistent in the rainfall footprint expansion given the low
    level jet and the evolving shear pattern. See Mesoscale
    Precipitation Discussion 0400 for latest details.

    Bann
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    EASTERN KANSAS AND SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...

    ...Central Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    20Z Update: In coordination with the local WFO's across eastern
    Kansas into Missouri, a Moderate Risk was issued for the D2 period
    with emphasis across eastern Kansas into southwestern Missouri.
    Deep moist environment will preclude the arrival of a prominent
    shortwave ejecting into the Central Plains, making headway into the mid-Mississippi Valley on Saturday afternoon and evening.
    Instability gradient will be present across northern MO into Iowa
    as a cold front begins to slowly press south with the guide of a
    potent shortwave trough dropping out of Canada. This is the making
    of an increasingly convergent low to mid-level setup within a very
    favorable environment across the nation's mid-section.

    Instability across eastern KS into MO will be quite robust with
    model forecast MUCAPE along and east of I-35 into the 3500-5000
    J/kg range by the time we reach peak diurnal heating. Coupled with
    a deep moisture pool in the column, any convective development will
    comprise of significant rainfall rates as noted via elevated hourly
    and 3-hourly prob fields within the latest 12z HREF. Deterministic
    output from various CAMs indicate rates between 2-3"/hr with likely
    higher intra-hour rates exceeding 4" at times, especially as you
    get further south into southeastern KS and southern MO where
    instability will be maximized. QPF forecasts are consistent for
    2-4" totals across the area south of Topeka down into the
    Joplin/Springfield region of southwestern MO. Kansas City at this
    time on the edge of the potential with a split in guidance on where
    the heaviest precip will reside for the northern and northeast
    periphery of any established maxima. Considering such a close
    proximity to the max, and the D2 error in convective forecasting
    still a concern, there's potential that the urban center can get
    into some of the heavy precip as it materializes on Saturday
    evening. With a Flood Watch issued over the metro and surrounds,
    decided to include the city in the MDT risk to maintain consistent
    messaging and signaling a heightened threat compared to normal.

    A high-end SLGT is forecast for much of the remainder of Missouri
    not encompassed within the MDT risk. There could very well be an
    initial round of thunderstorms in the morning across southern MO in
    conjunction to the shortwave moving across the area as referenced
    in the D1 update. Any rainfall occurring would be a priming
    scenario for what would transpire later as the cold front to the
    north begins pushing south with a strong low-level convergence
    pattern taking shape over the mid-Mississippi Valley. The area of
    greatest concern, outside the MDT risk, is likely across
    northeastern MO where recent rainfall over the past 72hrs have led
    to significant flash flooding over portions of the area allowing
    for highly compromised soils and swollen streams and creek beds
    located in the area. Local FFG's in the 1/3/6 hour thresholds
    continue to run much lower than normal with most of the thresholds
    between 1-2" for either temporal range meaning any heavy convection
    will be susceptible to flash flood prospects. As of now, the saving
    grace for areas north of I-70 will be a majority of the precip will
    be due to the frontal progression and any convection should be more
    progressive in the grand scheme. This typically negates significant
    flooding prospects as rainfall will only last for so long before it
    moves away and we see a de-escalation of hydrologic impacts. In any
    case, the threat is still elevated across much of the mid-
    Mississippi Valley, so the period will bear watching for any short
    term upgrade potential if trends allow.

    ...Midwest...

    20Z Update: A strong cold front will migrate through the region
    allowing for convective initiation over the Central Midwest into
    the western Great Lakes, overlapping areas that have been hit
    recently with periods of heavy rainfall. The highest potential is
    across southern and eastern IA into northern IL where significant
    rains have impacted area FFG's considerably over the past 72hrs
    meaning chances for flash flooding are easier to attain.
    Progressive nature of precip is the reason this area is just
    outside the more significant rainfall prospects, however
    environmental conditions are still favorable over the area with
    deep moisture pooled as far north as I-80 for the setup. As the
    front moves out of the area, drier air will advect into the region
    in its wake ending the threat for the rest of the forecast period.
    Widespread 1-3" with local to 4" is forecast in this area of the
    CONUS, certainly enough to cause scattered flash flood threats as
    the pattern evolves when you couple with the lower FFG's in place.
    A broad SLGT risk is forecast for the potential.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    TEXAS AND THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    20Z Update: Little changes were necessary for the D3 period as
    guidance remained fairly consistent on the premise of heavy
    rainfall across the Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley on
    Sunday. The SLGT risk across west TX was pushed further west into
    southeastern NM to reflect the latest QPF increase from 12z
    guidance. Overall synoptic pattern remains favorable heavy rain
    across much of the area south of I-40 with the heaviest rain likely
    to occur over the Lower Mississippi Valley given the approach of
    the cold front to the north and a very moisture rich environment
    thanks to advection of Gulf air. Will be monitoring closely for any
    targeted upgrades, but will likely have to see how the previous
    period's convection evolves before doing so.

    Kleebauer

    ...Southern Rockies, Texas to Southeast...

    A cold front pushes down the Southern Plains into Texas on Sunday.
    This shunts the heavy rain focus south of Saturday and provides a
    strong focus for convective development in a rich Gulf-sourced
    moisture environment. PW anomalies are 2 to 3 sigma above normal
    across Texas (south of the Panhandle) by that afternoon with 2
    sigma anomalies expanding east to Alabama by late Sunday night.
    Expansion of the Slight Risk to both North Texas and the Houston
    metro areas are warranted given the environment as well as the 00Z
    consensus of the UKMET and EC-AIFS for the Houston area, and the
    RRFS and RDPS for North Texas. Furthermore, a decent signal for
    lasting thunderstorm development is over West Texas in the Permian
    Basin into the Concho Valley, so a Slight Risk was raised there as
    well.

    Additional terrain driven diurnal activity is expected over the
    Southern Rockies/Sacramento and Davis Mtns. This activity should
    spread southeast through the evening, so the Marginal Risk was
    expanded over the southern High Plains.

    A surge of moisture up the southern Appalachians Sunday morning
    brings enough of a heavy rain threat for a Marginal Risk expansion
    up to the westernmost section of Virgina.

    ...Hampton Roads and Delmarva...

    Southwesterly low level flow from the Carolinas bring 2" PW to the
    Mid- Atlantic coast Sunday afternoon ahead of a cold frontal
    passage that night. Evening thunderstorms should be heavy and slow
    enough to warrant a Marginal Risk.

    Jackson
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    20Z Update...
    The suite of 12Z guidance has largely remained consistent with the
    large scale flow pattern and the higher chances of heavy to
    excessive rainfall being confined in proximity to the gulf coast.
    There was little need to make more than subtle nudges to the
    Marginal Risk areas in the previously-issued outlook...and no
    changes were made to the Slight risk areas on either day,

    Bann
    Previous Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    Overall, not much change from the previous forecast, with the
    overnight guidance continuing to present a good signal for highly-
    efficient training storms along a slow-moving front settling into
    the region.
    Models continue to show a cold front settling slowly south though
    the southern Plains, lower Mississippi Valley, and the Southeast as
    shortwave energy gradually amplifies a broad upper trough centered
    along the Mississippi Valley on Monday. A deepening pool of
    moisture along the front, fed by southerly low level inflow from
    the western Gulf, will fuel the potential for highly-efficient
    showers and storms. Guidance continues to show PWs increasing to
    2.25 inches (2.5 to 3 std dev above normal) along and ahead the
    front from south South Texas to southern Alabama on Monday.
    Interacting with this moisture is expected to be an area of
    enhanced ascent provided by right-entrance region upper jet forcing
    positioned along the base of the amplifying trough. In addition to
    the deep moisture and large-scale ascent, repeating storms are
    expected to raise the potential for heavy amounts and flash
    flooding concerns. A Slight Risk was maintained from southeastern
    Texas to central and southern Alabama on Day 4.
    By Tuesday, the upper trough axis begins to shift to the east,
    pushing the front, deeper moisture, and the better chance for heavy
    rain farther south and east along the Gulf Coast. For Day 5, a
    Slight Risk was drawn from southeastern Louisiana to southwestern
    Georgia.
    While Slight Risks were drawn for both periods, given the potential
    for several inches of rain in some locations, an upgrade to a
    Moderate Risk may be required in future updates if the signal
    persists as the event draws nearer.
    Pereira
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5phBui5sGiKIoEnIgKbe4nZxDaZzPNuM2xs2E7xUlHch= WuoCXXxQDeNcgjV8Zd-E2IJOaAk6hGWIeyQZ8ZgotGqpbzI$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5phBui5sGiKIoEnIgKbe4nZxDaZzPNuM2xs2E7xUlHch= WuoCXXxQDeNcgjV8Zd-E2IJOaAk6hGWIeyQZ8Zgop_PioK8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5phBui5sGiKIoEnIgKbe4nZxDaZzPNuM2xs2E7xUlHch= WuoCXXxQDeNcgjV8Zd-E2IJOaAk6hGWIeyQZ8ZgoHN-u4L0$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 13, 2026 06:54:46
    FOUS30 KWBC 130654
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    254 AM EDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHWESTERN
    MISSOURI...

    In coordination with SGF/Springfield, MO and EAX/Pleasant Hill, MO
    forecast offices, the Moderate Risk was shifted south out of the
    Kansas City metro with this update, but expanded southeast to cover
    more of the Missouri Ozarks. CAMs guidance of the QPF footprint for
    the day has followed a very common pattern, which is to shift the
    heaviest rainfall totals southward. Thus, it appears the greatest
    flash flooding threat has shifted out of the Kansas City metro.
    This is most certainly not to say that the flooding threat has
    reduced to zero for the Kansas City metro, which remains in a
    higher-end Slight, but that the greatest impacts from flash
    flooding due to heavy rainfall are no longer expected to reach
    Moderate Risk thresholds in the Kansas City metro. However, not far
    to the south, the threat remains significant.=20

    Training thunderstorms are expected to begin across Missouri this=20
    afternoon. The training and overall coverage of the thunderstorms
    will increase during the evening with the usual diurnal
    strengthening of the low-level jet. This will pump abundant
    tropical moisture into Missouri from the southwest on 40+ kt winds
    at 850 mb. Since the line of storms is expected to align northwest
    to southeast, the storms will be orthogonal to that southwesterly
    flow, which will be essential for the continued redevelopment and
    training of additional convection as the cells within the line
    track southeastward. Once the storms reach around the Arkansas
    border, the low level jet weakens significantly. This should allow
    for breaks to develop in the line from Arkansas into Tennessee,
    which will greatly diminish the flash flooding threat in those
    states. The topography of the Ozarks across southern Missouri
    supports a heightened flash flooding threat as the mountains
    quickly funnel the heaviest rains into narrow valleys, worsening
    the impacts of any flooding that develops there. This fact too
    supports the southeastward expansion of the Moderate Risk area.

    Meanwhile, a strong cold front will push southeastward out of the
    Plains and eventually into Missouri. This front will end all of the
    rain from northwest to southeast. This too supports the south and
    eastward shifting of the greatest flash flooding threat. While
    portions of far eastern Kansas still will have a threat for
    extended periods of heavy rain, the advancing front reaching those
    areas before points further east should also reduce the time heavy
    rain will impact eastern Kansas, allowing for the Moderate to be
    trimmed a bit. That said, there remains considerable uncertainty as
    to how far east the best lines of training thunderstorms will set
    up, so far eastern Kansas remains in an elevated threat for flash
    flooding.=20

    Guidance has come into better agreement that the heaviest rains
    will occur over Missouri today and tonight, and will struggle to
    continue further north and east. Thus, the inherited Slight Risk
    area over Iowa, most of northern Illinois, and all but the
    southwestern tip of Indiana was downgraded to a Marginal Risk with
    this update.

    ...Florida...

    A Marginal Risk area was introduced with this update for all of the
    Florida Peninsula. Abundant moisture and slow-moving thunderstorms
    are expected to develop all up and down the Peninsula this
    afternoon. Since the storms will be stationary, it stands to reason
    that the most heavily impacted areas will see extended periods of
    heavy rain. HREF neighborhood probabilities for over 3 inches of
    rain are over 70% for the entire Peninsula. Thus, while the urban
    areas on both east and west coasts are more flood-prone and are
    likely to miss out on the heaviest rains, any urban areas such as
    Orlando in the middle of the Peninsula could have isolated
    instances of flash flooding.

    Wegman

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR AREAS FROM=20
    SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO THROUGH WESTERN MISSISSIPPI...

    A slow-moving but potent cold front will approach portions of north
    Texas through into Arkansas on Sunday. The MCS that caused the
    Moderate Risk flooding in Missouri Saturday night will be
    responsible for the heavy rains that elevate northeast Texas
    through the lower Mississippi Valley into the Slight Risk=20
    category. Associated heavy rain will be ongoing at the start of the
    period Sunday morning, and will weaken and dissipate by midday.=20
    Since the forward/southward progression of the heavies rains will=20
    slow after daybreak Sunday, some areas may see several hours of=20
    weakening but still heavy rains. Abundant moisture will remain in=20
    place south of the front, as PWATs rise as high as 2.25 inches.=20
    Thus, any cells producing rains will have no trouble doing so=20
    efficiently. During the afternoon and evening, this area may see=20
    additional widely scattered storms with the strong front stalled=20
    out in the area, but coverage will be somewhat in question as the=20
    stalled out front alone will not be enough forcing due to flow on=20
    either side of the front weakening to light and variable winds.=20

    Further west into west Texas and New Mexico, a shortwave trough
    running into some of the same Gulf moisture as further east should
    allow for scattered showers and thunderstorms to develop in
    clusters from the afternoon well into the evening. Topographic
    assistance by the Sacramento Mountains and other ranges may locally
    produce heavy rains, where any burn scars may take over at raising
    the flash flooding risk. The same front extends into the
    Appalachians and interior Northeast. While the storms will be
    racing in these areas, the abundance of moisture advecting north
    into the front will support the storms in their capability of
    producing heavy rainfall. The Marginal Risk for these areas was
    expanded along the Canadian border through northern Maine.

    The Marginal for portions of the Mid-Atlantic was split into 2
    areas with this update. One for the I-95 corridor from DC to
    Philly, and a second for the Hampton Roads area. Abundant
    Gulf/Atlantic moisture in these areas will support fast-moving but
    training storms capable of producing heavy downpours. Due to
    ongoing drought, the threat really is focused on the urban areas
    where FFGs are lower. The intermediate rural areas were removed
    with this update as any training storms that occur over most of the
    Delmarva will be over rural and flood-resistant/flat areas.=20

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    LOWER Mississippi VALLEY TO EASTERN TEXAS...

    A large, half-continent sized upper level low over northern Ontario
    will spin numerous shortwaves around its periphery over the eastern
    2/3 of the country. The jet stream will coincide with a strong but
    stalled out cold front over north Texas and southern Arkansas. To=20
    the south of that front, Gulf moisture will pool to well-above
    normal levels, with PWATs to 2.25 inches over east Texas and
    northern Louisiana. When the shortwaves track over that cold front,
    it will both allow it to continue drifting southward, but also
    provide sufficient upper level forcing to trigger numerous and
    persistent thunderstorms along the east-west oriented front and
    south. This will support an extended duration of training storms,
    especially from east Texas through southwest Mississippi. A
    higher-end Slight remains in effect for this area. The inherited
    Slight was trimmed out of south-central Texas and central Alabama
    on the west and east ends, but expanded north-south over Louisiana
    through the Houston Metro. Rainfall totals in some areas could
    easily exceed 6 inches, with totals to 10 inches in localized areas
    possible due to the extended duration of heavy rain, especially
    along the Texas/Louisiana border. The area remains in a higher end
    Slight for now primarily due to very high FFGs and dry soils in the
    area, but further increases in rainfall, especially as this period
    moves into the CAMs range, could allow for a Moderate Risk upgrade
    due to the very high rainfall amounts forecast for some areas.

    Wegman


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5Iq9uV4_RhmvAWXUDCYewiOFpleer0OkMIn5utd03OKK= 30xCwQ1q_Fe_B4q29X4yReI0Bc-x_rLzzvFMXuWsP-CQcOs$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5Iq9uV4_RhmvAWXUDCYewiOFpleer0OkMIn5utd03OKK= 30xCwQ1q_Fe_B4q29X4yReI0Bc-x_rLzzvFMXuWse8c2s3Y$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5Iq9uV4_RhmvAWXUDCYewiOFpleer0OkMIn5utd03OKK= 30xCwQ1q_Fe_B4q29X4yReI0Bc-x_rLzzvFMXuWsbUVKwbY$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 13, 2026 07:30:07
    FOUS30 KWBC 130729
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    329 AM EDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHWESTERN
    MISSOURI...

    In coordination with SGF/Springfield, MO and EAX/Pleasant Hill, MO
    forecast offices, the Moderate Risk was shifted south out of the
    Kansas City metro with this update, but expanded southeast to cover
    more of the Missouri Ozarks. CAMs guidance of the QPF footprint for
    the day has followed a very common pattern, which is to shift the
    heaviest rainfall totals southward. Thus, it appears the greatest
    flash flooding threat has shifted out of the Kansas City metro.
    This is most certainly not to say that the flooding threat has
    reduced to zero for the Kansas City metro, which remains in a
    higher-end Slight, but that the greatest impacts from flash
    flooding due to heavy rainfall are no longer expected to reach
    Moderate Risk thresholds in the Kansas City metro. However, not far
    to the south, the threat remains significant.

    Training thunderstorms are expected to begin across Missouri this
    afternoon. The training and overall coverage of the thunderstorms
    will increase during the evening with the usual diurnal
    strengthening of the low-level jet. This will pump abundant
    tropical moisture into Missouri from the southwest on 40+ kt winds
    at 850 mb. Since the line of storms is expected to align northwest
    to southeast, the storms will be orthogonal to that southwesterly
    flow, which will be essential for the continued redevelopment and
    training of additional convection as the cells within the line
    track southeastward. Once the storms reach around the Arkansas
    border, the low level jet weakens significantly. This should allow
    for breaks to develop in the line from Arkansas into Tennessee,
    which will greatly diminish the flash flooding threat in those
    states. The topography of the Ozarks across southern Missouri
    supports a heightened flash flooding threat as the mountains
    quickly funnel the heaviest rains into narrow valleys, worsening
    the impacts of any flooding that develops there. This fact too
    supports the southeastward expansion of the Moderate Risk area.

    Meanwhile, a strong cold front will push southeastward out of the
    Plains and eventually into Missouri. This front will end all of the
    rain from northwest to southeast. This too supports the south and
    eastward shifting of the greatest flash flooding threat. While
    portions of far eastern Kansas still will have a threat for
    extended periods of heavy rain, the advancing front reaching those
    areas before points further east should also reduce the time heavy
    rain will impact eastern Kansas, allowing for the Moderate to be
    trimmed a bit. That said, there remains considerable uncertainty as
    to how far east the best lines of training thunderstorms will set
    up, so far eastern Kansas remains in an elevated threat for flash
    flooding.

    Guidance has come into better agreement that the heaviest rains
    will occur over Missouri today and tonight, and will struggle to
    continue further north and east. Thus, the inherited Slight Risk
    area over Iowa, most of northern Illinois, and all but the
    southwestern tip of Indiana was downgraded to a Marginal Risk with
    this update.

    ...Florida...

    A Marginal Risk area was introduced with this update for all of the
    Florida Peninsula. Abundant moisture and slow-moving thunderstorms
    are expected to develop all up and down the Peninsula this
    afternoon. Since the storms will be stationary, it stands to reason
    that the most heavily impacted areas will see extended periods of
    heavy rain. HREF neighborhood probabilities for over 3 inches of
    rain are over 70% for the entire Peninsula. Thus, while the urban
    areas on both east and west coasts are more flood-prone and are
    likely to miss out on the heaviest rains, any urban areas such as
    Orlando in the middle of the Peninsula could have isolated
    instances of flash flooding.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR AREAS FROM
    SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO THROUGH WESTERN MISSISSIPPI...

    A slow-moving but potent cold front will approach portions of north
    Texas through into Arkansas on Sunday. The MCS that caused the
    Moderate Risk flooding in Missouri Saturday night will be
    responsible for the heavy rains that elevate northeast Texas
    through the lower Mississippi Valley into the Slight Risk
    category. Associated heavy rain will be ongoing at the start of the
    period Sunday morning, and will weaken and dissipate by midday.
    Since the forward/southward progression of the heavies rains will
    slow after daybreak Sunday, some areas may see several hours of
    weakening but still heavy rains. Abundant moisture will remain in
    place south of the front, as PWATs rise as high as 2.25 inches.
    Thus, any cells producing rains will have no trouble doing so
    efficiently. During the afternoon and evening, this area may see
    additional widely scattered storms with the strong front stalled
    out in the area, but coverage will be somewhat in question as the
    stalled out front alone will not be enough forcing due to flow on
    either side of the front weakening to light and variable winds.

    Further west into west Texas and New Mexico, a shortwave trough
    running into some of the same Gulf moisture as further east should
    allow for scattered showers and thunderstorms to develop in
    clusters from the afternoon well into the evening. Topographic
    assistance by the Sacramento Mountains and other ranges may locally
    produce heavy rains, where any burn scars may take over at raising
    the flash flooding risk. The same front extends into the
    Appalachians and interior Northeast. While the storms will be
    racing in these areas, the abundance of moisture advecting north
    into the front will support the storms in their capability of
    producing heavy rainfall. The Marginal Risk for these areas was
    expanded along the Canadian border through northern Maine.

    The Marginal for portions of the Mid-Atlantic was split into 2
    areas with this update. One for the I-95 corridor from DC to
    Philly, and a second for the Hampton Roads area. Abundant
    Gulf/Atlantic moisture in these areas will support fast-moving but
    training storms capable of producing heavy downpours. Due to
    ongoing drought, the threat really is focused on the urban areas
    where FFGs are lower. The intermediate rural areas were removed
    with this update as any training storms that occur over most of the
    Delmarva will be over rural and flood-resistant/flat areas.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    LOWER Mississippi VALLEY TO EASTERN TEXAS...

    A large, half-continent sized upper level low over northern Ontario
    will spin numerous shortwaves around its periphery over the eastern
    2/3 of the country. The jet stream will coincide with a strong but
    stalled out cold front over north Texas and southern Arkansas. To
    the south of that front, Gulf moisture will pool to well-above
    normal levels, with PWATs to 2.25 inches over east Texas and
    northern Louisiana. When the shortwaves track over that cold front,
    it will both allow it to continue drifting southward, but also
    provide sufficient upper level forcing to trigger numerous and
    persistent thunderstorms along the east-west oriented front and
    south. This will support an extended duration of training storms,
    especially from east Texas through southwest Mississippi. A
    higher-end Slight remains in effect for this area. The inherited
    Slight was trimmed out of south-central Texas and central Alabama
    on the west and east ends, but expanded north-south over Louisiana
    through the Houston Metro. Rainfall totals in some areas could
    easily exceed 6 inches, with totals to 10 inches in localized areas
    possible due to the extended duration of heavy rain, especially
    along the Texas/Louisiana border. The area remains in a higher end
    Slight for now primarily due to very high FFGs and dry soils in the
    area, but further increases in rainfall, especially as this period
    moves into the CAMs range, could allow for a Moderate Risk upgrade
    due to the very high rainfall amounts forecast for some areas.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    The first half of the medium range will see two particular threats
    for flash flooding. First, along the Gulf Coast, a stationary
    front will work in tandem with with tropical moisture to develop
    thunderstorms capable of torrential downpours both on Day 4
    (Tuesday) and Day 5 (Wednesday). There is greater confidence in
    Tuesday's flash flood threat given better model agreement in
    placement of QPF and the nearby frontal boundary remaining strong
    enough to help trigger numerous showers and thunderstorms. PWs
    will remain above 2.0" in many cases as well, allowing developing
    thunderstorms to contain highly efficient rainfall rates. Soils
    will be more saturated in wake of Monday's thunderstorms as well,
    making the region more susceptible to flash flooding. The forecast
    remains largely on track for Tuesday (Day 4) with only some minor
    tweaks to the inherited Marginal and Slight Risks to more closely
    resemble the latest WPC QPF. By Wednesday (Day 5) the frontal
    boundary will undergo frontolysis and the source of lift at the
    surface will weaken. However, ensemble guidance continues to show
    ample tropical moisture along the Central Gulf Coast, which at by
    Wednesday will have dealt with multiple rounds of Excessive
    Rainfall. A Marginal Risk was introduced along the I-10 corridor
    from the Houston metro on east to the FL Panhandle to account for
    the flash flood potential around the more urbanized communities
    along the central Gulf Coast.

    Farther north, Wednesday looks like an active day from the Midwest
    on east into the OH Valley. A 500mb shortwave trough racing east
    towards the Great Lakes late Wednesday will provide healthy upper-
    level ascent aloft to foster the development of low pressure.
    Meanwhile, a strengthening LLJ will direct anomalous moisture
    located over the South northward into the region. NAEFS shows an
    impressive IVT for mid-June that surpasses 750 kg/m/s over the
    eastern Corn Belt that will provide copious amounts of moisture.
    Guidance is not in agreement yet as to which locations are most
    favored to witness the heaviest thunderstorm activity. Fast storm
    motions should also help to limit residency times of developing
    storms. That said, PWs ranging between 1.75-2.0" will be the norm
    late Wednesday with storms likely containing efficient rainfall
    rates. A Marginal Risk was introduced to account for the localized
    flash flood potential on Wednesday from the Middle MS River on east
    into the OH Valley.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_FAtHVBLX15sallsVYHLlOX4vhW-igtI9J_9q6p3_oa-= gjHnDDD5nFmxIi3Fim460A3n9tXfGiF_WXtZcQFQKuhnTD8$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_FAtHVBLX15sallsVYHLlOX4vhW-igtI9J_9q6p3_oa-= gjHnDDD5nFmxIi3Fim460A3n9tXfGiF_WXtZcQFQR7LRjHk$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_FAtHVBLX15sallsVYHLlOX4vhW-igtI9J_9q6p3_oa-= gjHnDDD5nFmxIi3Fim460A3n9tXfGiF_WXtZcQFQQT9CjQE$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 13, 2026 07:36:35
    FOUS30 KWBC 130736
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    336 AM EDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHWESTERN
    MISSOURI...

    In coordination with SGF/Springfield, MO and EAX/Pleasant Hill, MO
    forecast offices, the Moderate Risk was shifted south out of the
    Kansas City metro with this update, but expanded southeast to cover
    more of the Missouri Ozarks. CAMs guidance of the QPF footprint for
    the day has followed a very common pattern, which is to shift the
    heaviest rainfall totals southward. Thus, it appears the greatest
    flash flooding threat has shifted out of the Kansas City metro.
    This is most certainly not to say that the flooding threat has
    reduced to zero for the Kansas City metro, which remains in a
    higher-end Slight, but that the greatest impacts from flash
    flooding due to heavy rainfall are no longer expected to reach
    Moderate Risk thresholds in the Kansas City metro. However, not far
    to the south, the threat remains significant.

    Training thunderstorms are expected to begin across Missouri this
    afternoon. The training and overall coverage of the thunderstorms
    will increase during the evening with the usual diurnal
    strengthening of the low-level jet. This will pump abundant
    tropical moisture into Missouri from the southwest on 40+ kt winds
    at 850 mb. Since the line of storms is expected to align northwest
    to southeast, the storms will be orthogonal to that southwesterly
    flow, which will be essential for the continued redevelopment and
    training of additional convection as the cells within the line
    track southeastward. Once the storms reach around the Arkansas
    border, the low level jet weakens significantly. This should allow
    for breaks to develop in the line from Arkansas into Tennessee,
    which will greatly diminish the flash flooding threat in those
    states. The topography of the Ozarks across southern Missouri
    supports a heightened flash flooding threat as the mountains
    quickly funnel the heaviest rains into narrow valleys, worsening
    the impacts of any flooding that develops there. This fact too
    supports the southeastward expansion of the Moderate Risk area.

    Meanwhile, a strong cold front will push southeastward out of the
    Plains and eventually into Missouri. This front will end all of the
    rain from northwest to southeast. This too supports the south and
    eastward shifting of the greatest flash flooding threat. While
    portions of far eastern Kansas still will have a threat for
    extended periods of heavy rain, the advancing front reaching those
    areas before points further east should also reduce the time heavy
    rain will impact eastern Kansas, allowing for the Moderate to be
    trimmed a bit. That said, there remains considerable uncertainty as
    to how far east the best lines of training thunderstorms will set
    up, so far eastern Kansas remains in an elevated threat for flash
    flooding.

    Guidance has come into better agreement that the heaviest rains
    will occur over Missouri today and tonight, and will struggle to
    continue further north and east. Thus, the inherited Slight Risk
    area over Iowa, most of northern Illinois, and all but the
    southwestern tip of Indiana was downgraded to a Marginal Risk with
    this update.

    ...Florida...

    A Marginal Risk area was introduced with this update for all of the
    Florida Peninsula. Abundant moisture and slow-moving thunderstorms
    are expected to develop all up and down the Peninsula this
    afternoon. Since the storms will be stationary, it stands to reason
    that the most heavily impacted areas will see extended periods of
    heavy rain. HREF neighborhood probabilities for over 3 inches of
    rain are over 70% for the entire Peninsula. Thus, while the urban
    areas on both east and west coasts are more flood-prone and are
    likely to miss out on the heaviest rains, any urban areas such as
    Orlando in the middle of the Peninsula could have isolated
    instances of flash flooding.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR AREAS FROM
    SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO THROUGH WESTERN MISSISSIPPI...

    A slow-moving but potent cold front will approach portions of north
    Texas through into Arkansas on Sunday. The MCS that caused the
    Moderate Risk flooding in Missouri Saturday night will be
    responsible for the heavy rains that elevate northeast Texas
    through the lower Mississippi Valley into the Slight Risk
    category. Associated heavy rain will be ongoing at the start of the
    period Sunday morning, and will weaken and dissipate by midday.
    Since the forward/southward progression of the heavies rains will
    slow after daybreak Sunday, some areas may see several hours of
    weakening but still heavy rains. Abundant moisture will remain in
    place south of the front, as PWATs rise as high as 2.25 inches.
    Thus, any cells producing rains will have no trouble doing so
    efficiently. During the afternoon and evening, this area may see
    additional widely scattered storms with the strong front stalled
    out in the area, but coverage will be somewhat in question as the
    stalled out front alone will not be enough forcing due to flow on
    either side of the front weakening to light and variable winds.

    Further west into west Texas and New Mexico, a shortwave trough
    running into some of the same Gulf moisture as further east should
    allow for scattered showers and thunderstorms to develop in
    clusters from the afternoon well into the evening. Topographic
    assistance by the Sacramento Mountains and other ranges may locally
    produce heavy rains, where any burn scars may take over at raising
    the flash flooding risk. The same front extends into the
    Appalachians and interior Northeast. While the storms will be
    racing in these areas, the abundance of moisture advecting north
    into the front will support the storms in their capability of
    producing heavy rainfall. The Marginal Risk for these areas was
    expanded along the Canadian border through northern Maine.

    The Marginal for portions of the Mid-Atlantic was split into 2
    areas with this update. One for the I-95 corridor from DC to
    Philly, and a second for the Hampton Roads area. Abundant
    Gulf/Atlantic moisture in these areas will support fast-moving but
    training storms capable of producing heavy downpours. Due to
    ongoing drought, the threat really is focused on the urban areas
    where FFGs are lower. The intermediate rural areas were removed
    with this update as any training storms that occur over most of the
    Delmarva will be over rural and flood-resistant/flat areas.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    LOWER Mississippi VALLEY TO EASTERN TEXAS...

    A large, half-continent sized upper level low over northern Ontario
    will spin numerous shortwaves around its periphery over the eastern
    2/3 of the country. The jet stream will coincide with a strong but
    stalled out cold front over north Texas and southern Arkansas. To
    the south of that front, Gulf moisture will pool to well-above
    normal levels, with PWATs to 2.25 inches over east Texas and
    northern Louisiana. When the shortwaves track over that cold front,
    it will both allow it to continue drifting southward, but also
    provide sufficient upper level forcing to trigger numerous and
    persistent thunderstorms along the east-west oriented front and
    south. This will support an extended duration of training storms,
    especially from east Texas through southwest Mississippi. A
    higher-end Slight remains in effect for this area. The inherited
    Slight was trimmed out of south-central Texas and central Alabama
    on the west and east ends, but expanded north-south over Louisiana
    through the Houston Metro. Rainfall totals in some areas could
    easily exceed 6 inches, with totals to 10 inches in localized areas
    possible due to the extended duration of heavy rain, especially
    along the Texas/Louisiana border. The area remains in a higher end
    Slight for now primarily due to very high FFGs and dry soils in the
    area, but further increases in rainfall, especially as this period
    moves into the CAMs range, could allow for a Moderate Risk upgrade
    due to the very high rainfall amounts forecast for some areas.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    The first half of the medium range will see two particular threats
    for flash flooding. First, along the Gulf Coast, a stationary
    front will work in tandem with with tropical moisture to develop
    thunderstorms capable of torrential downpours both on Day 4
    (Tuesday) and Day 5 (Wednesday). There is greater confidence in
    Tuesday's flash flood threat given better model agreement in
    placement of QPF and the nearby frontal boundary remaining strong
    enough to help trigger numerous showers and thunderstorms. PWs
    will remain above 2.0" in many cases as well, allowing developing
    thunderstorms to contain highly efficient rainfall rates. Soils
    will be more saturated in wake of Monday's thunderstorms as well,
    making the region more susceptible to flash flooding. The forecast
    remains largely on track for Tuesday (Day 4) with only some minor
    tweaks to the inherited Marginal and Slight Risks to more closely
    resemble the latest WPC QPF. By Wednesday (Day 5) the frontal
    boundary will undergo frontolysis and the source of lift at the
    surface will weaken. However, ensemble guidance continues to show
    ample tropical moisture along the Central Gulf Coast, which at by
    Wednesday will have dealt with multiple rounds of Excessive
    Rainfall. A Marginal Risk was introduced along the I-10 corridor
    from the Houston metro on east to the FL Panhandle to account for
    the flash flood potential around the more urbanized communities
    along the central Gulf Coast.

    Farther north, Wednesday looks like an active day from the Midwest
    on east into the OH Valley. A 500mb shortwave trough racing east
    towards the Great Lakes late Wednesday will provide healthy upper-
    level ascent aloft to foster the development of low pressure.
    Meanwhile, a strengthening LLJ will direct anomalous moisture
    located over the South northward into the region. NAEFS shows an
    impressive IVT for mid-June that surpasses 750 kg/m/s over the
    eastern Corn Belt that will provide copious amounts of moisture.
    Guidance is not in agreement yet as to which locations are most
    favored to witness the heaviest thunderstorm activity. Fast storm
    motions should also help to limit residency times of developing
    storms. That said, PWs ranging between 1.75-2.0" will be the norm
    late Wednesday with storms likely containing efficient rainfall
    rates. A Marginal Risk was introduced to account for the localized
    flash flood potential on Wednesday from the Middle MS River on east
    into the OH Valley.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-VEIlEwJLqctYAu3zIPZdaRbZOl-ad-W4MWSaN62wi8b= oyrOphinxSo2NcN2C46IDLvQpgdFSuZkPcA8ejzoFOGXBlo$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-VEIlEwJLqctYAu3zIPZdaRbZOl-ad-W4MWSaN62wi8b= oyrOphinxSo2NcN2C46IDLvQpgdFSuZkPcA8ejzoVy58YII$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-VEIlEwJLqctYAu3zIPZdaRbZOl-ad-W4MWSaN62wi8b= oyrOphinxSo2NcN2C46IDLvQpgdFSuZkPcA8ejzozgv5PgE$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 13, 2026 16:10:49
    FOUS30 KWBC 131610
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1210 PM EDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHWESTERN
    MISSOURI...

    ...Southern Plains, Mid-Mississippi Valley, western Ohio Valley...

    Maintained the Moderate Risk area for southwestern Missouri and
    adjoining areas with a continued signal for heavy rain this
    afternoon/evening and early overnight hours. A broader Slight Risk
    outline extends from the eastern half of Oklahoma northeastward to
    the far western Ohio Valley.

    At 15Z, a cold front extended from the Upper Midwest back to the
    central Plains and will continue to push southeastward today. In
    addition, a warm front extended from southeastern Nebraska across
    southern Missouri into the Tennessee Valley. Southerly flow from
    Texas and the Gulf will continue to supply warm/moist air to the
    region as dew points in the 60s/low 70s are common across the warm
    sector along with precipitable water values of 1.75-2.00 inches.
    Morning convection over central/southern MO (near and east of the
    warm front) will continue eastward this afternoon, allowing for
    some clearing to the west. By 00Z, cold front from the northeast
    will push into southeastern KS with an increase in the LLJ and an
    expected convective expansion into the Moderate Risk area. 40+kt
    850mb southwesterly flow along/ahead of the surface cold front
    should favor sufficient growth with heavy rain rates of 2-3 inches
    per hour, especially where any training occurs if the cold front
    slows. 12Z CAMs still show potential for a fairly widespread 1-3"
    of rain and embedded 6+" totals over southwestern MO and far
    northeastern OK per some members. HREF mean signal has been
    consistent since 00Z and little change to the outlook area was
    made. The topography of the Ozarks across southern Missouri
    supports a heightened flash flooding threat as the mountains
    quickly funnel the heaviest rains into narrow valleys, worsening
    the impacts of any flooding that develops there. Will note the
    AI guidance from the ECMWF and GFS (though lower res at 0.25 deg)
    showed a QPF max over either eastern KS or northeastern OK rather
    than into MO, but their D1 skill is generally not as good as the
    traditional CAM guidance.

    A much larger Marginal Risk area exists from the southern Rockies
    all the way to the southwestern Great Lakes in the broad warm
    sector ahead of the front, with expected coverage isolated.

    ...Central/Eastern Florida...

    Trimmed the Marginal Risk area to remove the western portion of
    the peninsula. Westerly flow, though light, should favor
    convergence inland and over eastern areas. Moisture levels remain
    higher than climo -- near 2" -- and coupled with slow-moving cells
    may favor local flash flooding especially in urban areas. 12Z HREF
    neighborhood probabilities for at least 3 inches per hour are
    10-40% (a little higher in the 06Z REFS) and 1-h FFG values are
    generally 3-4 inches per hour. Farther north into
    eastern/southeastern SC/NC inland from the coast, combination of
    sea breezes and incoming front to the north could support isolated
    heavier rain and very localized flash flooding should any
    convection remain slow-moving, though the coverage is likely less
    than the 5% threshold for a Marginal Risk outline.

    Fracasso/Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR AREAS FROM
    SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO THROUGH WESTERN MISSISSIPPI...

    A slow-moving but potent cold front will approach portions of north
    Texas through into Arkansas on Sunday. The MCS that caused the
    Moderate Risk flooding in Missouri Saturday night will be
    responsible for the heavy rains that elevate northeast Texas
    through the lower Mississippi Valley into the Slight Risk
    category. Associated heavy rain will be ongoing at the start of the
    period Sunday morning, and will weaken and dissipate by midday.
    Since the forward/southward progression of the heavies rains will
    slow after daybreak Sunday, some areas may see several hours of
    weakening but still heavy rains. Abundant moisture will remain in
    place south of the front, as PWATs rise as high as 2.25 inches.
    Thus, any cells producing rains will have no trouble doing so
    efficiently. During the afternoon and evening, this area may see
    additional widely scattered storms with the strong front stalled
    out in the area, but coverage will be somewhat in question as the
    stalled out front alone will not be enough forcing due to flow on
    either side of the front weakening to light and variable winds.

    Further west into west Texas and New Mexico, a shortwave trough
    running into some of the same Gulf moisture as further east should
    allow for scattered showers and thunderstorms to develop in
    clusters from the afternoon well into the evening. Topographic
    assistance by the Sacramento Mountains and other ranges may locally
    produce heavy rains, where any burn scars may take over at raising
    the flash flooding risk. The same front extends into the
    Appalachians and interior Northeast. While the storms will be
    racing in these areas, the abundance of moisture advecting north
    into the front will support the storms in their capability of
    producing heavy rainfall. The Marginal Risk for these areas was
    expanded along the Canadian border through northern Maine.

    The Marginal for portions of the Mid-Atlantic was split into 2
    areas with this update. One for the I-95 corridor from DC to
    Philly, and a second for the Hampton Roads area. Abundant
    Gulf/Atlantic moisture in these areas will support fast-moving but
    training storms capable of producing heavy downpours. Due to
    ongoing drought, the threat really is focused on the urban areas
    where FFGs are lower. The intermediate rural areas were removed
    with this update as any training storms that occur over most of the
    Delmarva will be over rural and flood-resistant/flat areas.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TO EASTERN TEXAS...

    A large, half-continent sized upper level low over northern Ontario
    will spin numerous shortwaves around its periphery over the eastern
    2/3 of the country. The jet stream will coincide with a strong but
    stalled out cold front over north Texas and southern Arkansas. To
    the south of that front, Gulf moisture will pool to well-above
    normal levels, with PWATs to 2.25 inches over east Texas and
    northern Louisiana. When the shortwaves track over that cold front,
    it will both allow it to continue drifting southward, but also
    provide sufficient upper level forcing to trigger numerous and
    persistent thunderstorms along the east-west oriented front and
    south. This will support an extended duration of training storms,
    especially from east Texas through southwest Mississippi. A
    higher-end Slight remains in effect for this area. The inherited
    Slight was trimmed out of south-central Texas and central Alabama
    on the west and east ends, but expanded north-south over Louisiana
    through the Houston Metro. Rainfall totals in some areas could
    easily exceed 6 inches, with totals to 10 inches in localized areas
    possible due to the extended duration of heavy rain, especially
    along the Texas/Louisiana border. The area remains in a higher end
    Slight for now primarily due to very high FFGs and dry soils in the
    area, but further increases in rainfall, especially as this period
    moves into the CAMs range, could allow for a Moderate Risk upgrade
    due to the very high rainfall amounts forecast for some areas.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    The first half of the medium range will see two particular threats
    for flash flooding. First, along the Gulf Coast, a stationary
    front will work in tandem with with tropical moisture to develop
    thunderstorms capable of torrential downpours both on Day 4
    (Tuesday) and Day 5 (Wednesday). There is greater confidence in
    Tuesday's flash flood threat given better model agreement in
    placement of QPF and the nearby frontal boundary remaining strong
    enough to help trigger numerous showers and thunderstorms. PWs
    will remain above 2.0" in many cases as well, allowing developing
    thunderstorms to contain highly efficient rainfall rates. Soils
    will be more saturated in wake of Monday's thunderstorms as well,
    making the region more susceptible to flash flooding. The forecast
    remains largely on track for Tuesday (Day 4) with only some minor
    tweaks to the inherited Marginal and Slight Risks to more closely
    resemble the latest WPC QPF. By Wednesday (Day 5) the frontal
    boundary will undergo frontolysis and the source of lift at the
    surface will weaken. However, ensemble guidance continues to show
    ample tropical moisture along the Central Gulf Coast, which at by
    Wednesday will have dealt with multiple rounds of Excessive
    Rainfall. A Marginal Risk was introduced along the I-10 corridor
    from the Houston metro on east to the FL Panhandle to account for
    the flash flood potential around the more urbanized communities
    along the central Gulf Coast.

    Farther north, Wednesday looks like an active day from the Midwest
    on east into the OH Valley. A 500mb shortwave trough racing east
    towards the Great Lakes late Wednesday will provide healthy upper-
    level ascent aloft to foster the development of low pressure.
    Meanwhile, a strengthening LLJ will direct anomalous moisture
    located over the South northward into the region. NAEFS shows an
    impressive IVT for mid-June that surpasses 750 kg/m/s over the
    eastern Corn Belt that will provide copious amounts of moisture.
    Guidance is not in agreement yet as to which locations are most
    favored to witness the heaviest thunderstorm activity. Fast storm
    motions should also help to limit residency times of developing
    storms. That said, PWs ranging between 1.75-2.0" will be the norm
    late Wednesday with storms likely containing efficient rainfall
    rates. A Marginal Risk was introduced to account for the localized
    flash flood potential on Wednesday from the Middle MS River on east
    into the OH Valley.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6DdMVk2tBTxTGbxr-P3yT2uF4mz1CPcIMd03B2o_id1G= UfKM7kQfXT_wFXaNM9cLeMTqizUGuqpedNh7J68JXGo9dP0$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6DdMVk2tBTxTGbxr-P3yT2uF4mz1CPcIMd03B2o_id1G= UfKM7kQfXT_wFXaNM9cLeMTqizUGuqpedNh7J68JzllzpHE$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6DdMVk2tBTxTGbxr-P3yT2uF4mz1CPcIMd03B2o_id1G= UfKM7kQfXT_wFXaNM9cLeMTqizUGuqpedNh7J68Jb9IM8JI$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 13, 2026 15:59:14
    FOUS30 KWBC 131559
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1159 AM EDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHWESTERN
    MISSOURI...

    ...Southern Plains, Mid-Mississippi Valley, western Ohio Valley...

    Maintained the Moderate Risk area for southwestern Missouri and
    adjoining areas with a continued signal for heavy rain this
    afternoon/evening and early overnight hours. A broader Slight Risk
    outline extends from the eastern half of Oklahoma northeastward to
    the far western Ohio Valley.

    At 15Z, a cold front extended from the Upper Midwest back to the
    central Plains and will continue to push southeastward today. In
    addition, a warm front extended from southeastern Nebraska across
    southern Missouri into the Tennessee Valley. Southerly flow from
    Texas and the Gulf will continue to supply warm/moist air to the
    region as dew points in the 60s/low 70s are common across the warm
    sector along with precipitable water values of 1.75-2.00 inches.
    Morning convection over central/southern MO (near and east of the
    warm front) will continue eastward this afternoon, allowing for
    some clearing to the west. By 00Z, cold front from the northeast
    will push into southeastern KS with an increase in the LLJ and an
    expected convective expansion into the Moderate Risk area. 40+kt
    850mb southwesterly flow along/ahead of the surface cold front
    should favor sufficient growth with heavy rain rates of 2-3 inches
    per hour, especially where any training occurs if the cold front
    slows. 12Z CAMs still show potential for a fairly widespread 1-3"
    of rain and embedded 6+" totals over southwestern MO and far
    northeastern OK per some members. HREF mean signal has been
    consistent since 00Z and little change to the outlook area was
    made. The topography of the Ozarks across southern Missouri
    supports a heightened flash flooding threat as the mountains
    quickly funnel the heaviest rains into narrow valleys, worsening
    the impacts of any flooding that develops there. Will note the
    AI guidance from the ECMWF and GFS (though lower res at 0.25 deg)
    showed a QPF max over either eastern KS or northeastern OK rather
    than into MO, but their D1 skill is generally not as good as the
    traditional CAM guidance.

    A much larger Marginal Risk area exists from the southern Rockies
    all the way to the southwestern Great Lakes in the broad warm
    sector ahead of the front, with expected coverage isolated.

    ...Central/Eastern Florida...

    Trimmed the Marginal Risk area to remove the western portion of
    the peninsula. Westerly flow, though light, should favor
    convergence inland and over eastern areas. Moisture levels remain
    higher than climo -- near 2" -- and coupled with slow-moving cells
    may favor local flash flooding especially in urban areas. 12Z HREF
    neighborhood probabilities for at least 3 inches per hour are
    10-40% (a little higher in the 06Z REFS) and 1-h FFG values are
    generally 3-4 inches per hour. Farther north into
    eastern/southeastern SC/NC inland from the coast, combination of
    sea breezes and incoming front to the north could support isolated
    heavier rain and very localized flash flooding should any
    convection remain slow-moving, though the coverage is likely less
    than the 5% threshold for a Marginal Risk outline.
    Fracasso/Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    EASTERN KANSAS AND SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...

    ...Central Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    20Z Update: In coordination with the local WFO's across eastern
    Kansas into Missouri, a Moderate Risk was issued for the D2 period
    with emphasis across eastern Kansas into southwestern Missouri.
    Deep moist environment will preclude the arrival of a prominent
    shortwave ejecting into the Central Plains, making headway into the mid-Mississippi Valley on Saturday afternoon and evening.
    Instability gradient will be present across northern MO into Iowa
    as a cold front begins to slowly press south with the guide of a
    potent shortwave trough dropping out of Canada. This is the making
    of an increasingly convergent low to mid-level setup within a very
    favorable environment across the nation's mid-section.

    Instability across eastern KS into MO will be quite robust with
    model forecast MUCAPE along and east of I-35 into the 3500-5000
    J/kg range by the time we reach peak diurnal heating. Coupled with
    a deep moisture pool in the column, any convective development will
    comprise of significant rainfall rates as noted via elevated hourly
    and 3-hourly prob fields within the latest 12z HREF. Deterministic
    output from various CAMs indicate rates between 2-3"/hr with likely
    higher intra-hour rates exceeding 4" at times, especially as you
    get further south into southeastern KS and southern MO where
    instability will be maximized. QPF forecasts are consistent for
    2-4" totals across the area south of Topeka down into the
    Joplin/Springfield region of southwestern MO. Kansas City at this
    time on the edge of the potential with a split in guidance on where
    the heaviest precip will reside for the northern and northeast
    periphery of any established maxima. Considering such a close
    proximity to the max, and the D2 error in convective forecasting
    still a concern, there's potential that the urban center can get
    into some of the heavy precip as it materializes on Saturday
    evening. With a Flood Watch issued over the metro and surrounds,
    decided to include the city in the MDT risk to maintain consistent
    messaging and signaling a heightened threat compared to normal.

    A high-end SLGT is forecast for much of the remainder of Missouri
    not encompassed within the MDT risk. There could very well be an
    initial round of thunderstorms in the morning across southern MO in
    conjunction to the shortwave moving across the area as referenced
    in the D1 update. Any rainfall occurring would be a priming
    scenario for what would transpire later as the cold front to the
    north begins pushing south with a strong low-level convergence
    pattern taking shape over the mid-Mississippi Valley. The area of
    greatest concern, outside the MDT risk, is likely across
    northeastern MO where recent rainfall over the past 72hrs have led
    to significant flash flooding over portions of the area allowing
    for highly compromised soils and swollen streams and creek beds
    located in the area. Local FFG's in the 1/3/6 hour thresholds
    continue to run much lower than normal with most of the thresholds
    between 1-2" for either temporal range meaning any heavy convection
    will be susceptible to flash flood prospects. As of now, the saving
    grace for areas north of I-70 will be a majority of the precip will
    be due to the frontal progression and any convection should be more
    progressive in the grand scheme. This typically negates significant
    flooding prospects as rainfall will only last for so long before it
    moves away and we see a de-escalation of hydrologic impacts. In any
    case, the threat is still elevated across much of the mid-
    Mississippi Valley, so the period will bear watching for any short
    term upgrade potential if trends allow.

    ...Midwest...

    20Z Update: A strong cold front will migrate through the region
    allowing for convective initiation over the Central Midwest into
    the western Great Lakes, overlapping areas that have been hit
    recently with periods of heavy rainfall. The highest potential is
    across southern and eastern IA into northern IL where significant
    rains have impacted area FFG's considerably over the past 72hrs
    meaning chances for flash flooding are easier to attain.
    Progressive nature of precip is the reason this area is just
    outside the more significant rainfall prospects, however
    environmental conditions are still favorable over the area with
    deep moisture pooled as far north as I-80 for the setup. As the
    front moves out of the area, drier air will advect into the region
    in its wake ending the threat for the rest of the forecast period.
    Widespread 1-3" with local to 4" is forecast in this area of the
    CONUS, certainly enough to cause scattered flash flood threats as
    the pattern evolves when you couple with the lower FFG's in place.
    A broad SLGT risk is forecast for the potential.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    TEXAS AND THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    20Z Update: Little changes were necessary for the D3 period as
    guidance remained fairly consistent on the premise of heavy
    rainfall across the Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley on
    Sunday. The SLGT risk across west TX was pushed further west into
    southeastern NM to reflect the latest QPF increase from 12z
    guidance. Overall synoptic pattern remains favorable heavy rain
    across much of the area south of I-40 with the heaviest rain likely
    to occur over the Lower Mississippi Valley given the approach of
    the cold front to the north and a very moisture rich environment
    thanks to advection of Gulf air. Will be monitoring closely for any
    targeted upgrades, but will likely have to see how the previous
    period's convection evolves before doing so.

    Kleebauer

    ...Southern Rockies, Texas to Southeast...

    A cold front pushes down the Southern Plains into Texas on Sunday.
    This shunts the heavy rain focus south of Saturday and provides a
    strong focus for convective development in a rich Gulf-sourced
    moisture environment. PW anomalies are 2 to 3 sigma above normal
    across Texas (south of the Panhandle) by that afternoon with 2
    sigma anomalies expanding east to Alabama by late Sunday night.
    Expansion of the Slight Risk to both North Texas and the Houston
    metro areas are warranted given the environment as well as the 00Z
    consensus of the UKMET and EC-AIFS for the Houston area, and the
    RRFS and RDPS for North Texas. Furthermore, a decent signal for
    lasting thunderstorm development is over West Texas in the Permian
    Basin into the Concho Valley, so a Slight Risk was raised there as
    well.

    Additional terrain driven diurnal activity is expected over the
    Southern Rockies/Sacramento and Davis Mtns. This activity should
    spread southeast through the evening, so the Marginal Risk was
    expanded over the southern High Plains.

    A surge of moisture up the southern Appalachians Sunday morning
    brings enough of a heavy rain threat for a Marginal Risk expansion
    up to the westernmost section of Virgina.

    ...Hampton Roads and Delmarva...

    Southwesterly low level flow from the Carolinas bring 2" PW to the
    Mid- Atlantic coast Sunday afternoon ahead of a cold frontal
    passage that night. Evening thunderstorms should be heavy and slow
    enough to warrant a Marginal Risk.

    Jackson
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    The first half of the medium range will see two particular threats
    for flash flooding. First, along the Gulf Coast, a stationary
    front will work in tandem with with tropical moisture to develop
    thunderstorms capable of torrential downpours both on Day 4
    (Tuesday) and Day 5 (Wednesday). There is greater confidence in
    Tuesday's flash flood threat given better model agreement in
    placement of QPF and the nearby frontal boundary remaining strong
    enough to help trigger numerous showers and thunderstorms. PWs
    will remain above 2.0" in many cases as well, allowing developing
    thunderstorms to contain highly efficient rainfall rates. Soils
    will be more saturated in wake of Monday's thunderstorms as well,
    making the region more susceptible to flash flooding. The forecast
    remains largely on track for Tuesday (Day 4) with only some minor
    tweaks to the inherited Marginal and Slight Risks to more closely
    resemble the latest WPC QPF. By Wednesday (Day 5) the frontal
    boundary will undergo frontolysis and the source of lift at the
    surface will weaken. However, ensemble guidance continues to show
    ample tropical moisture along the Central Gulf Coast, which at by
    Wednesday will have dealt with multiple rounds of Excessive
    Rainfall. A Marginal Risk was introduced along the I-10 corridor
    from the Houston metro on east to the FL Panhandle to account for
    the flash flood potential around the more urbanized communities
    along the central Gulf Coast.

    Farther north, Wednesday looks like an active day from the Midwest
    on east into the OH Valley. A 500mb shortwave trough racing east
    towards the Great Lakes late Wednesday will provide healthy upper-
    level ascent aloft to foster the development of low pressure.
    Meanwhile, a strengthening LLJ will direct anomalous moisture
    located over the South northward into the region. NAEFS shows an
    impressive IVT for mid-June that surpasses 750 kg/m/s over the
    eastern Corn Belt that will provide copious amounts of moisture.
    Guidance is not in agreement yet as to which locations are most
    favored to witness the heaviest thunderstorm activity. Fast storm
    motions should also help to limit residency times of developing
    storms. That said, PWs ranging between 1.75-2.0" will be the norm
    late Wednesday with storms likely containing efficient rainfall
    rates. A Marginal Risk was introduced to account for the localized
    flash flood potential on Wednesday from the Middle MS River on east
    into the OH Valley.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6FnX3zHBdhc38tQ51-3dMGYvqa-ArAv7Ao7yrToATizz= BIkvRO0-3ZOGJBZgozvX0vFOdq0jUiLsmMbOnfVv9fugtgk$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6FnX3zHBdhc38tQ51-3dMGYvqa-ArAv7Ao7yrToATizz= BIkvRO0-3ZOGJBZgozvX0vFOdq0jUiLsmMbOnfVvqLpYVO8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6FnX3zHBdhc38tQ51-3dMGYvqa-ArAv7Ao7yrToATizz= BIkvRO0-3ZOGJBZgozvX0vFOdq0jUiLsmMbOnfVv622isIw$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 13, 2026 19:42:29
    FOUS30 KWBC 131942
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    342 PM EDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Jun 13 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHWESTERN
    MISSOURI...

    ...Southern Plains, Mid-Mississippi Valley, western Ohio Valley...

    Maintained the Moderate Risk area for southwestern Missouri and
    adjoining areas with a continued signal for heavy rain this
    afternoon/evening and early overnight hours. A broader Slight Risk
    outline extends from the eastern half of Oklahoma northeastward to
    the far western Ohio Valley.

    At 15Z, a cold front extended from the Upper Midwest back to the
    central Plains and will continue to push southeastward today. In
    addition, a warm front extended from southeastern Nebraska across
    southern Missouri into the Tennessee Valley. Southerly flow from
    Texas and the Gulf will continue to supply warm/moist air to the
    region as dew points in the 60s/low 70s are common across the warm
    sector along with precipitable water values of 1.75-2.00 inches.
    Morning convection over central/southern MO (near and east of the
    warm front) will continue eastward this afternoon, allowing for
    some clearing to the west. By 00Z, cold front from the northeast
    will push into southeastern KS with an increase in the LLJ and an
    expected convective expansion into the Moderate Risk area. 40+kt
    850mb southwesterly flow along/ahead of the surface cold front
    should favor sufficient growth with heavy rain rates of 2-3 inches
    per hour, especially where any training occurs if the cold front
    slows. 12Z CAMs still show potential for a fairly widespread 1-3"
    of rain and embedded 6+" totals over southwestern MO and far
    northeastern OK per some members. HREF mean signal has been
    consistent since 00Z and little change to the outlook area was
    made. The topography of the Ozarks across southern Missouri
    supports a heightened flash flooding threat as the mountains
    quickly funnel the heaviest rains into narrow valleys, worsening
    the impacts of any flooding that develops there. Will note the
    AI guidance from the ECMWF and GFS (though lower res at 0.25 deg)
    showed a QPF max over either eastern KS or northeastern OK rather
    than into MO, but their D1 skill is generally not as good as the
    traditional CAM guidance.

    A much larger Marginal Risk area exists from the southern Rockies
    all the way to the southwestern Great Lakes in the broad warm
    sector ahead of the front, with expected coverage isolated.

    ...Central/Eastern Florida...

    Trimmed the Marginal Risk area to remove the western portion of
    the peninsula. Westerly flow, though light, should favor
    convergence inland and over eastern areas. Moisture levels remain
    higher than climo -- near 2" -- and coupled with slow-moving cells
    may favor local flash flooding especially in urban areas. 12Z HREF
    neighborhood probabilities for at least 3 inches per hour are
    10-40% (a little higher in the 06Z REFS) and 1-h FFG values are
    generally 3-4 inches per hour. Farther north into
    eastern/southeastern SC/NC inland from the coast, combination of
    sea breezes and incoming front to the north could support isolated
    heavier rain and very localized flash flooding should any
    convection remain slow-moving, though the coverage is likely less
    than the 5% threshold for a Marginal Risk outline.
    Fracasso/Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR AREAS FROM
    SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO THROUGH WESTERN MISSISSIPPI...

    21Z Update...

    Expanded the Slight Risk a bit farther south across TX with some
    more support for farther south QPF. Also included the Mid-
    Atlantic in the larger Marginal outline with the area to the north,
    and nudged that region into New England as well per some higher QPF
    in the models. Lastly, with little change in the synoptic pattern
    over FL, expect another change of sea-breeze-driven storms over the
    eastern portions of the Peninsula, where a Marginal Risk was added.

    Fracasso

    Previous discussion is below:

    A slow-moving but potent cold front will approach portions of north
    Texas through into Arkansas on Sunday. The MCS that caused the
    Moderate Risk flooding in Missouri Saturday night will be
    responsible for the heavy rains that elevate northeast Texas
    through the lower Mississippi Valley into the Slight Risk
    category. Associated heavy rain will be ongoing at the start of the
    period Sunday morning, and will weaken and dissipate by midday.
    Since the forward/southward progression of the heavies rains will
    slow after daybreak Sunday, some areas may see several hours of
    weakening but still heavy rains. Abundant moisture will remain in
    place south of the front, as PWATs rise as high as 2.25 inches.
    Thus, any cells producing rains will have no trouble doing so
    efficiently. During the afternoon and evening, this area may see
    additional widely scattered storms with the strong front stalled
    out in the area, but coverage will be somewhat in question as the
    stalled out front alone will not be enough forcing due to flow on
    either side of the front weakening to light and variable winds.
    Further west into west Texas and New Mexico, a shortwave trough
    running into some of the same Gulf moisture as further east should
    allow for scattered showers and thunderstorms to develop in
    clusters from the afternoon well into the evening. Topographic
    assistance by the Sacramento Mountains and other ranges may locally
    produce heavy rains, where any burn scars may take over at raising
    the flash flooding risk. The same front extends into the
    Appalachians and interior Northeast. While the storms will be
    racing in these areas, the abundance of moisture advecting north
    into the front will support the storms in their capability of
    producing heavy rainfall. The Marginal Risk for these areas was
    expanded along the Canadian border through northern Maine.
    The Marginal for portions of the Mid-Atlantic was split into 2
    areas with this update. One for the I-95 corridor from DC to
    Philly, and a second for the Hampton Roads area. Abundant
    Gulf/Atlantic moisture in these areas will support fast-moving but
    training storms capable of producing heavy downpours. Due to
    ongoing drought, the threat really is focused on the urban areas
    where FFGs are lower. The intermediate rural areas were removed
    with this update as any training storms that occur over most of the
    Delmarva will be over rural and flood-resistant/flat areas.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHEASTERN
    TEXAS EASTWARD TO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...Southeastern Texas to southern Mississippi...

    Expanded the Slight Risk across much of Southeastern Texas to the
    Rio Grande with an increasing signal for heavier rainfall on
    Monday. Upper jet across the central Plains into Oklahoma will lie
    on the southwest side of a sprawling upper low over Hudson Bay,
    leaving Texas and the Lower MS Valley in the warm/moist sector to
    the south of a front. PWATs to 2.25 inches will be drawn northward
    due in part to a mid-level circulation out of coastal Mexico as
    well as energy exiting the southern Rockies. Combination of that
    forcing, ample moisture, and a nearby frontal boundary should
    support at least scattered heavier rain and some instances of flash
    flooding. FFG values decrease away from the coast, and highlighted
    these areas for now (despite the recent dryness which can act to
    increase runoff), in an arc from Laredo to Austin to College
    Station (then continuing into Louisiana like the previous ERO).
    ECMWF EFI QPF highlights SoT near 1 within this Slight Risk
    outline, suggesting even a higher-end Slight risk for areas near
    the TX/LA border but perhaps also near the Rio Grande. New 12Z CSU
    first guess ERO also showed an expansion of the Slight, in line
    with the updated changes. Model QPFs show some 4-8" amounts (and
    some >10" amounts) in this 24-hr period but the placement over southwestern/south Texas is uncertain (noting the AI guidance is
    closer to the coast). Potential exists for a further upgrade to a
    Moderate Risk somewhere in this region but would like to see the
    CAM guidance in future updates.

    Fracasso
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    20Z Update: General model consensus remains pertinent for a SLGT
    risk threat of flash flooding across portions of the Central Gulf
    Coast with emphasis along the I-10 corridor. Recent ensemble QPF
    distribution has shifted a bit further west with the corridor of
    heavier precip leading to agreement with the ML outputs from the
    EC-AIFS and associated ensemble. Given the overlap, increasing
    favor in flash flood prospects into southwestern LA with those
    areas between the Lower Sabine to Lafayette within the target for
    the D4 time frame. The SLGT risk inherited was extended west to
    reflect the agreement in the 12z ensemble/ML outputs.
    D5 continues to look very active with a higher likelihood of a
    complex of thunderstorms materializing with increasing flash flood
    concerns in-of the mid-Mississippi Valley to points east through
    the Midwest and Ohio Valley. Consensus on QPF being robust is
    solid, but exact placement is a bit fluid currently as models are
    still trying to distinguish exact placement downstream of
    initiation over the Midwest and northern/central Ohio Valley.
    Considering the forward propagation uncertainty, elected to
    maintain the MRGL risk with some minor adjusting on the northern
    and eastern periphery to reflect QPF orientation and pQPF 90th
    percentile forecast of >1.5" of precipitation. An upgrade in future
    forecasts is likely, but there is still time for further assessment
    and developing a better consensus.

    Kleebauer

    ..Previous Discussion..

    The first half of the medium range will see two particular threats
    for flash flooding. First, along the Gulf Coast, a stationary
    front will work in tandem with with tropical moisture to develop
    thunderstorms capable of torrential downpours both on Day 4
    (Tuesday) and Day 5 (Wednesday). There is greater confidence in
    Tuesday's flash flood threat given better model agreement in
    placement of QPF and the nearby frontal boundary remaining strong
    enough to help trigger numerous showers and thunderstorms. PWs
    will remain above 2.0" in many cases as well, allowing developing
    thunderstorms to contain highly efficient rainfall rates. Soils
    will be more saturated in wake of Monday's thunderstorms as well,
    making the region more susceptible to flash flooding. The forecast
    remains largely on track for Tuesday (Day 4) with only some minor
    tweaks to the inherited Marginal and Slight Risks to more closely
    resemble the latest WPC QPF. By Wednesday (Day 5) the frontal
    boundary will undergo frontolysis and the source of lift at the
    surface will weaken. However, ensemble guidance continues to show
    ample tropical moisture along the Central Gulf Coast, which at by
    Wednesday will have dealt with multiple rounds of Excessive
    Rainfall. A Marginal Risk was introduced along the I-10 corridor
    from the Houston metro on east to the FL Panhandle to account for
    the flash flood potential around the more urbanized communities
    along the central Gulf Coast.

    Farther north, Wednesday looks like an active day from the Midwest
    on east into the OH Valley. A 500mb shortwave trough racing east
    towards the Great Lakes late Wednesday will provide healthy upper-
    level ascent aloft to foster the development of low pressure.
    Meanwhile, a strengthening LLJ will direct anomalous moisture
    located over the South northward into the region. NAEFS shows an
    impressive IVT for mid-June that surpasses 750 kg/m/s over the
    eastern Corn Belt that will provide copious amounts of moisture.
    Guidance is not in agreement yet as to which locations are most
    favored to witness the heaviest thunderstorm activity. Fast storm
    motions should also help to limit residency times of developing
    storms. That said, PWs ranging between 1.75-2.0" will be the norm
    late Wednesday with storms likely containing efficient rainfall
    rates. A Marginal Risk was introduced to account for the localized
    flash flood potential on Wednesday from the Middle MS River on east
    into the OH Valley.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_9XvfEqu_OlILE5zedXel5KqicqsSovVVxnpxzEB5_RE= fdd965yiAIOTMQWqxjHyTqvF4g2mpNwIoL2BJIMk4pPVXl8$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_9XvfEqu_OlILE5zedXel5KqicqsSovVVxnpxzEB5_RE= fdd965yiAIOTMQWqxjHyTqvF4g2mpNwIoL2BJIMkttb9fhc$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_9XvfEqu_OlILE5zedXel5KqicqsSovVVxnpxzEB5_RE= fdd965yiAIOTMQWqxjHyTqvF4g2mpNwIoL2BJIMkt7-VTmc$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 14, 2026 00:12:40
    FOUS30 KWBC 140012
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    812 PM EDT Sat Jun 13 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHWESTERN MISSOURI, SOUTHEAST KANSAS, NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA, AND
    NORTHWEST ARKANSAS...

    01Z Update: Moderate risk from prior forecast remains on track with
    the core of heaviest precipitation likely to occur over the quad
    state intersection of OK/KS/AR/MO overnight. Deep moist profiles
    situated over the Central Plains to Mississippi Valley will fuel
    the potential for significant rainfall this evening with the
    upstream trough and cold front progression already underway for
    areas further north. MUCAPE off the latest RAP analysis indicates a
    corridor of 4000-6000 J/kg running through much of eastern KS down
    into northeastern OK which has been targeted as the primary axis of
    heavy precip from the latest hi-res. Models have struggled to grasp
    the surface features present over the area with the recent 22z HRRR
    finally coming into alignment with the current radar trends on
    initialization. Expectation is for increased surface to BL
    convergence along the cold front progression this evening with some
    pre-frontal development likely to ensue across southern KS as a
    shortwave migrates eastward ahead of the front. Signals for heavy
    rainfall have been steady over eastern KS into southwest MO, but
    trends for a bit more progressive cell motions have put portions of
    OK/AR in play for more significant rains with the latter area (AR)
    likely to see some overlap after previous rainfall this period.
    Area FFG's are generally 1-1.5"/hr with 1.5-2"/3-hrs, both
    thresholds that will likely be breached in this environment with
    majority of hi-res signaling 2-3"/hr rates likely in the strongest
    cells over the course of the evening. HREF probs continue to pin
    60% probabilities for >2" and >3" over the southeast KS and
    southwest MO region, a testament to the consistency of that zone
    being the primary target for the period. Thus, have maintained the
    MDT risk with only some trimming of the eastern periphery as model
    trends have given enough consensus to remove portions of
    southeastern MO for the MDT.

    SLGT risk was expanded southeast over the Memphis area and
    surrounds as the current MCS propagation continues to plague the
    area with flash flood warnings already in effect for parts of
    western and southwest TN. In any case, the recent radar trends and
    hydrologic impacts called for a short term upgrade to a SLGT risk
    to correlate with what is happening currently.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR AREAS FROM
    SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO THROUGH WESTERN MISSISSIPPI...

    20Z Update...

    Expanded the Slight Risk a bit farther south across TX with some
    more support for farther south QPF. Also included the Mid-
    Atlantic in the larger Marginal outline with the area to the north,
    and nudged that region into New England as well per some higher QPF
    in the models. Lastly, with little change in the synoptic pattern
    over FL, expect another change of sea-breeze-driven storms over the
    eastern portions of the Peninsula, where a Marginal Risk was added.

    Fracasso

    Previous discussion is below:

    A slow-moving but potent cold front will approach portions of north
    Texas through into Arkansas on Sunday. The MCS that caused the
    Moderate Risk flooding in Missouri Saturday night will be
    responsible for the heavy rains that elevate northeast Texas
    through the lower Mississippi Valley into the Slight Risk
    category. Associated heavy rain will be ongoing at the start of the
    period Sunday morning, and will weaken and dissipate by midday.
    Since the forward/southward progression of the heavies rains will
    slow after daybreak Sunday, some areas may see several hours of
    weakening but still heavy rains. Abundant moisture will remain in
    place south of the front, as PWATs rise as high as 2.25 inches.
    Thus, any cells producing rains will have no trouble doing so
    efficiently. During the afternoon and evening, this area may see
    additional widely scattered storms with the strong front stalled
    out in the area, but coverage will be somewhat in question as the
    stalled out front alone will not be enough forcing due to flow on
    either side of the front weakening to light and variable winds.
    Further west into west Texas and New Mexico, a shortwave trough
    running into some of the same Gulf moisture as further east should
    allow for scattered showers and thunderstorms to develop in
    clusters from the afternoon well into the evening.=20

    Topographic assistance by the Sacramento Mountains and other=20
    ranges may locally produce heavy rains, where any burn scars may=20
    take over at raising the flash flooding risk. The same front=20
    extends into the Appalachians and interior Northeast. While the=20
    storms will be racing in these areas, the abundance of moisture=20
    advecting north into the front will support the storms in their=20
    capability of producing heavy rainfall. The Marginal Risk for these
    areas was expanded along the Canadian border through northern=20
    Maine. The Marginal for portions of the Mid-Atlantic was split into
    2 areas with this update. One for the I-95 corridor from DC to=20
    Philly, and a second for the Hampton Roads area. Abundant=20
    Gulf/Atlantic moisture in these areas will support fast-moving but=20
    training storms capable of producing heavy downpours. Due to=20
    ongoing drought, the threat really is focused on the urban areas=20
    where FFGs are lower. The intermediate rural areas were removed=20
    with this update as any training storms that occur over most of the
    Delmarva will be over rural and flood-resistant/flat areas.=20

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHEASTERN
    TEXAS EASTWARD TO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...Southeastern Texas to southern Mississippi...

    Expanded the Slight Risk across much of Southeastern Texas to the
    Rio Grande with an increasing signal for heavier rainfall on
    Monday. Upper jet across the central Plains into Oklahoma will lie
    on the southwest side of a sprawling upper low over Hudson Bay,
    leaving Texas and the Lower MS Valley in the warm/moist sector to
    the south of a front. PWATs to 2.25 inches will be drawn northward
    due in part to a mid-level circulation out of coastal Mexico as
    well as energy exiting the southern Rockies. Combination of that
    forcing, ample moisture, and a nearby frontal boundary should
    support at least scattered heavier rain and some instances of flash
    flooding. FFG values decrease away from the coast, and highlighted
    these areas for now (despite the recent dryness which can act to
    increase runoff), in an arc from Laredo to Austin to College
    Station (then continuing into Louisiana like the previous ERO).
    ECMWF EFI QPF highlights SoT near 1 within this Slight Risk
    outline, suggesting even a higher-end Slight risk for areas near
    the TX/LA border but perhaps also near the Rio Grande. New 12Z CSU
    first guess ERO also showed an expansion of the Slight, in line
    with the updated changes. Model QPFs show some 4-8" amounts (and
    some >10" amounts) in this 24-hr period but the placement over southwestern/south Texas is uncertain (noting the AI guidance is
    closer to the coast). Potential exists for a further upgrade to a
    Moderate Risk somewhere in this region but would like to see the
    CAM guidance in future updates.

    Fracasso
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026
    ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    20Z Update: General model consensus remains pertinent for a SLGT
    risk threat of flash flooding across portions of the Central Gulf
    Coast with emphasis along the I-10 corridor. Recent ensemble QPF
    distribution has shifted a bit further west with the corridor of
    heavier precip leading to agreement with the ML outputs from the
    EC-AIFS and associated ensemble. Given the overlap, increasing
    favor in flash flood prospects into southwestern LA with those
    areas between the Lower Sabine to Lafayette within the target for
    the D4 time frame. The SLGT risk inherited was extended west to
    reflect the agreement in the 12z ensemble/ML outputs.

    D5 continues to look very active with a higher likelihood of a
    complex of thunderstorms materializing with increasing flash flood
    concerns in-of the mid-Mississippi Valley to points east through
    the Midwest and Ohio Valley. Consensus on QPF being robust is
    solid, but exact placement is a bit fluid currently as models are
    still trying to distinguish exact placement downstream of
    initiation over the Midwest and northern/central Ohio Valley.
    Considering the forward propagation uncertainty, elected to
    maintain the MRGL risk with some minor adjusting on the northern
    and eastern periphery to reflect QPF orientation and pQPF 90th
    percentile forecast of >1.5" of precipitation. An upgrade in future
    forecasts is likely, but there is still time for further assessment
    and developing a better consensus.

    Kleebauer

    ..Previous Discussion..

    The first half of the medium range will see two particular threats
    for flash flooding. First, along the Gulf Coast, a stationary
    front will work in tandem with with tropical moisture to develop
    thunderstorms capable of torrential downpours both on Day 4
    (Tuesday) and Day 5 (Wednesday). There is greater confidence in
    Tuesday's flash flood threat given better model agreement in
    placement of QPF and the nearby frontal boundary remaining strong
    enough to help trigger numerous showers and thunderstorms. PWs
    will remain above 2.0" in many cases as well, allowing developing
    thunderstorms to contain highly efficient rainfall rates. Soils
    will be more saturated in wake of Monday's thunderstorms as well,
    making the region more susceptible to flash flooding. The forecast
    remains largely on track for Tuesday (Day 4) with only some minor
    tweaks to the inherited Marginal and Slight Risks to more closely
    resemble the latest WPC QPF. By Wednesday (Day 5) the frontal
    boundary will undergo frontolysis and the source of lift at the
    surface will weaken. However, ensemble guidance continues to show
    ample tropical moisture along the Central Gulf Coast, which at by
    Wednesday will have dealt with multiple rounds of Excessive
    Rainfall. A Marginal Risk was introduced along the I-10 corridor
    from the Houston metro on east to the FL Panhandle to account for
    the flash flood potential around the more urbanized communities
    along the central Gulf Coast.

    Farther north, Wednesday looks like an active day from the Midwest
    on east into the OH Valley. A 500mb shortwave trough racing east
    towards the Great Lakes late Wednesday will provide healthy upper-
    level ascent aloft to foster the development of low pressure.
    Meanwhile, a strengthening LLJ will direct anomalous moisture
    located over the South northward into the region. NAEFS shows an
    impressive IVT for mid-June that surpasses 750 kg/m/s over the
    eastern Corn Belt that will provide copious amounts of moisture.
    Guidance is not in agreement yet as to which locations are most
    favored to witness the heaviest thunderstorm activity. Fast storm
    motions should also help to limit residency times of developing
    storms. That said, PWs ranging between 1.75-2.0" will be the norm
    late Wednesday with storms likely containing efficient rainfall
    rates. A Marginal Risk was introduced to account for the localized
    flash flood potential on Wednesday from the Middle MS River on east
    into the OH Valley.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-8G82kFtd4ypbuKclWm7Nwl4jZYn5x1Djv9wbFBHVOO2= KbWXSQTWaNN_1E5xeNO-HQnZU7nXDiO8jPDh-IRq694tHn0$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-8G82kFtd4ypbuKclWm7Nwl4jZYn5x1Djv9wbFBHVOO2= KbWXSQTWaNN_1E5xeNO-HQnZU7nXDiO8jPDh-IRqhaFtBI4$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-8G82kFtd4ypbuKclWm7Nwl4jZYn5x1Djv9wbFBHVOO2= KbWXSQTWaNN_1E5xeNO-HQnZU7nXDiO8jPDh-IRqBcoDuNs$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 14, 2026 08:03:32
    FOUS30 KWBC 140803
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    403 AM EDT Sun Jun 14 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE ARE SLIGHT RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE SOUTHERN
    PLAINS AS WELL AS FOR NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...Southern Plains...

    Today will likely be the calmest of the next 3 days across Texas,
    which isn't saying much as it will still be plenty active. A very
    slow moving cold front will sink south across Oklahoma and Arkansas
    today. Ahead of the front, an impressively moisture-laden air mass
    is in place over not just Texas, but much of the Gulf Coast. Across
    eastern Texas, an ongoing MCS across Oklahoma and Arkansas
    delineating the leading edge of the aforementioned cold front will
    continue to drift south and weaken through the morning hours, which
    is typical behavior for MCSs once the sun comes up. While the MCS
    will have some forward speed to it, the availability of plentiful
    moisture, with PWATs to 2 inches will continue to support heavy
    rainfall with the strongest cells. The remnants of the MCS will
    likely impact the Metroplex in the mid-to-late morning.

    Meanwhile, plentiful southerly flow off the Gulf into southeast
    Texas will lead to widespread but largely disorganized shower and
    thunderstorm activity from the Houston and San Antonio metros
    north. The plentiful moisture will still be available, so anywhere
    where cell mergers or localized training features develop,
    localized flash flooding will be possible today. Any urban areas
    will only increase the flash flooding potential, though there's
    considerable uncertainty whether any of the biggest cities in Texas
    will be directly impacted.

    Across west Texas and the Hill Country, afternoon and evening
    thunderstorms will impact those areas, with portions of west Texas
    recently hard hit from heavy rains at a higher threat for
    additional flash flooding. A higher-end Slight has been issued for
    this region. For the Hill Country, the main flooding threat will be
    tonight, as an MCS develops due to plentiful merging thunderstorms
    and a southward push of the cold front in that region. The storms
    will run into increasing resistance tonight in the form of a
    strengthening LLJ, which should slow down the forward speed of the
    storms as the traverse the Hill Country. Due to the flashy nature
    of the terrain in the Hill Country, the higher-end Slight was also
    introduced for this region as well. Back into New Mexico,
    afternoon and evening storms could interact with both the terrain
    features in the area, such as the Sacramento Mountains, urban El
    Paso, and any burn scars in the area.

    ...Northern New England...

    A Slight Risk upgrade was introduced with this update in
    coordination with BTV/Burlington, VT and CAR/Caribou, ME forecast
    offices. The same cold front that will be impacting the Southern
    Plains will have a much easier time pushing eastward, as a large
    upper level low over Canada pushes frequent shortwave disturbances
    east across the northeastern U.S. Despite the progressive nature of
    the front, a surge of moisture will rapidly advect north into New
    England ahead of the front, aided by increasing upper level support
    as a strong shortwave becomes more negatively tilted with time as
    it rounds the southeastern periphery of the upper level low. The
    moisture surge will also increase the instability, with MUCAPE
    values around 1,000 J/kg expected on average, and values up to
    2,000 in some areas, including southeastern VT. The plume of
    moisture and instability will support numerous fast-moving
    thunderstorms training northeastward along the Canadian border. The
    training storms will impact recently hard hit areas of northern New
    England, where soils are wetter than normal going into this event.
    While there's some question as to how strong the storms will get,
    the likelihood they will train along and south of the plume of
    greatest rainfall is high. The storms will train over northern New
    England for several hours before the cold front sweeps across from
    west to east tonight. Topographic effects could locally increase
    rainfall rates, as well as worsen any possible flash flooding.
    This further supports the Slight Risk upgrade for the area.

    ...Elsewhere...

    The Marginal Risk for the Mid-Atlantic and the east coast of
    Florida are largely the same. For the Mid-Atlantic afternoon and
    evening storms feeding on the same moisture plume that will advance
    into New England could lead to localized instances of flash
    flooding, especially in urban areas along the I-95 corridor, though
    the severe threat appears greater.

    On the east coast of Florida, sea breeze interactions with the
    abundant moisture over the state should allow for a renewed
    development of afternoon and evening thunderstorms today. The
    storms will be nearly stationary, so mergers will pose the greatest
    threat for more prolonged periods of heavy rain, though all strong
    cells will be capable of localized heavy rain.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM SOUTH TEXAS
    THROUGH THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    As far as changes to the inherited forecast go, the day 2 forecast
    is the most similar to the prior forecast. A strong cold front over
    north Texas through southern Arkansas at the start of the day will
    continue making painfully slow progress south towards the western
    Gulf Coast on Monday. Meanwhile a surge of deep tropical moisture
    will actually further increase the amount of available moisture
    the storms will have to work with as they push south across Texas.
    The MCS from Sunday night along the Rio Grande will continue south
    into Monday morning along the Rio Grande and the Texas Hill
    Country. This MCS will weaken by midday, only to be replaced with
    far more numerous showers and thunderstorms all across southern and
    eastern Texas. These storms will form as the surge of moisture and
    plentiful instability from the Gulf advects north and west into
    southeast Texas. The storms from any morning MCs will quickly
    evolve into a slow moving line of storms from east Texas into
    Mississippi due to the abundant moisture and instability running
    into the very slow-moving cold front roughly near the AR/LA border.
    For some areas of east-central Texas, northern Louisiana, and
    western Mississippi, there may be no stop between any early morning
    rain from overnight MCS and the afternoon convection that quickly
    blossoms along the frontal interface. High FFGs and somewhat drier
    than normal surface soils going in to the Day 2 (depending on what
    happens today), should work to preclude Moderate Risk level
    coverage of flash flooding, but the whole area is in a higher-end
    Slight and a Moderate Risk upgrade is possible with future updates.

    For South Texas, the primary flash flooding threat for the period
    will occur overnight Monday night. While the abundant moisture will
    be in place in this region, there will be a lack of forcing, due
    to the distant cold front over the Hill Country, until the arrival
    of a potent upper level disturbance. This disturbance is likely at
    least in part the remnant circulation of former East Pacific
    tropical storm Cristina. As this feature pushes northeast out of
    the mountains of Mexico towards south Texas, it will not only
    increase the low level inflow of tropical moisture, but will
    provide ample forcing to organize the storms into slow-moving lines
    of training cells that track northwestward with time up the Rio
    Grande. PWATs will be 4 sigma above normal, exceeding 2.5 inches at
    times, so any and all storms will have impressive amounts of
    moisture to work with to produce heavy rain. Instability due to
    extensive cloud cover commensurate with such amounts of moisture
    will likely be the only limiting factor for coverage of heavy rain.
    A Moderate Risk may also need to be considered in south Texas
    should coverage of storms remain similar with more CAMs coverage and
    portions of this area get significant rainfall on Day 1/today.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE WESTERN AND
    CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...South Texas...

    The entire focus of heavy rainfall across South Texas Tuesday will
    be the speed of movement of the upper level disturbance which
    likely in part the upper level circulation of former east Pacific
    tropical storm Cristina. The global guidance is in alright
    agreement, but it could certainly be better. The EC is far slower
    with its movement than the GFS. For this period, the difference
    between the two is small enough that there is at least some
    confidence in the subsequent meteorological effects. Essentially
    the upper level Pacific moisture with Cristina will combine with
    exceptionally deep Gulf moisture along the western periphery of the
    Gulf, to raise PWATs to near record territory for this time of year
    for some areas of deep south Texas, particularly along the coast.
    With the disturbance in place, and strengthening with time, this
    abundant moisture will be focused into slow-moving bands of heavy-
    rain producing thunderstorms. PWATs will exceed 2.5 inches along
    the coast, with some areas even nearing 2.75 inches. The exact
    track of the slow-moving disturbance will be key as to who sees the
    most rain, as the storms ride north off the Gulf and into coast to
    the east of the center of circulation.

    Rain wrapping around the circulation will spread west across all of
    deep south Texas, right to the Rio Grande. This will lead to a
    second consecutive day with exceptional rainfall totals in spots,
    with areal average rainfall for the period likely exceeding 3
    inches (with much higher localized amounts) from essentially
    Galveston south and west. At the moment, the heaviest totals look
    to concentrate for the portion of south Texas from Corpus Christi
    south and west to the Rio Grande, but again any change in track or
    speed of the upper low and any possible surface circulation will
    change this dramatically. Regardless, considering the overlap from
    the Day 2/Monday period, should this rainfall forecast remain
    similar with future updates, a Moderate Risk will be necessary as
    FFGs in this area will be much lower than they are now. Further,
    there will be urban flooding impacts from Brownsville to Corpus
    Christi as well.

    ...Louisiana into the South...

    Up the coast from south Texas, the plume of abundant Gulf moisture
    will continue to stream north into the slow moving front that will
    remain set up from east Texas through northern Louisiana and into
    western Mississippi. The good news for Tuesday is that the likely
    influence of the upper level low over deep south Texas/Mexico will
    make for downstream ridging, which should limit the coverage of
    heavy rain from Houston east across the South. That said, the front
    will still be a potent forcing feature, and training storms
    tracking east parallel to the front will still pose a localized
    flash flooding problem. Thus, the inherited Slight for this region
    remains in place, especially considering the likely much more
    favorable hydrology as this will be the second or third day
    (depending on where you are) of heavy rain for this region. This
    will likely offset the somewhat lighter rainfall totals expected
    Tuesday and Tuesday night. A faster forward speed of the upper
    level disturbance could also re-increase the rainfall forecast for
    this region and also push some areas close to Moderate Risk
    territory with future updates.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE ARE SLIGHT RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, OHIO VALLEY, MID-SOUTH, AND GULF COAST
    ON DAY 4 AND DAY 5...

    An anomalous upper-level pattern will be the catalyst for active
    days 4-5 timeframe from the Gulf Coast on north to the OH Valley
    and as far east as the central Appalachians. Southeast TX and
    portions of the Deep South will also experience widespread
    thunderstorms.

    On Day 4 (Wed.) a robust 500mb vorticity maximum will spawn a
    strong area of low pressure at the nose of a 500mb jet streak.
    ECMWF SAT percentiles show show MSLP values that are among the
    lowest in the CFSR database (1979-2009) over the Midwest by 00Z
    Thursday that continue into early Thursday morning over the Great
    Lakes. 850mb winds will be roaring to the tune of 50 kts and
    potentially stronger than that over the OH Valley. The combination
    of highly anomalous low pressure over the Midwest paired with high
    pressure south of Bermuda will force Gulf moisture to race
    northward into the Middle MS Valley and on east into the OH Valley.
    With PWs also above the 90th climatological percentile, storms may
    be fast movers, but they will contain efficient warm rain
    processes. A Slight Risk was introduced from the MS Valley to as
    far east as central OH to account for the increased flash flood
    potential. Farther south, the pool of anomalous PWs accompanied by
    a strengthening southerly IVT over the western Gulf will keep the
    TX Coast at risk for Excessive Rainfall. While guidance still shows
    some differing solutions, the region will only continue to see
    soils grow more sensitive after multiple days of rain prior to
    Wednesday. A Slight Risk was introduced for the Lower and Central
    TX Gulf Coast, aligning with where the heaviest WPC QPF is located.

    For Day 5 (Thurs.), between the NAEFS and ECMWF SATs, the
    southerly winds within the 1000-500mb layer over the western Gulf
    are remarkable with the entire layer's southerly wind anomalies
    averaging at least the 97.5 climatological percentile. This means
    the Gulf is wide open for business, not just with low-level
    moisture but into the mid-to-upper levels as well. ECMWF and GEFS
    ensemble means on Day 5 have PWs above 2.2" over the central Gulf
    Coast with >90th climatological PWs as far north as the OH Valley.
    A strong cold front will trigger widespread thunderstorms within
    this environment that is likely to pose a flash flood threat in
    portions of the recently more sensitive soils of the OH and TN
    Valleys, leading to the issuance of a Slight Risk in these areas.
    Farther south, guidance shows varying solutions of what could
    transpire in east TX. The 12Z ECMWF EFI has a swath of >1 Shift of
    Tails (SoT) from east TX to as far north as northern MS, and even a
    small >2 SoT north of I-10 in east TX, indicating a signal for
    locally significant rainfall being possible in these areas. The
    details on the development of low pressure in the Deep South remain
    unclear. That said, there is no denying the copious amounts of
    moisture at these thunderstorms disposal and soils throughout the
    region will have only grown more sensitive after multiple days of
    Excessive Rainfall. A Slight Risk was introduced over the Upper TX
    coast on east into southwest LA where it aligns with not only the
    ECMWF EFI signal but the overlap with the more anomalous moisture
    content and the heavier WPC QPF within the TX/LA area.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!61t1TZEUMB4cYrnBQCGLa2Wxv2fAG0OaajzkvQwNZsUQ= VRb927RQMVRTkJ3ZCOl3nSGFc988X7mHTyjktnZGF5bBEkQ$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!61t1TZEUMB4cYrnBQCGLa2Wxv2fAG0OaajzkvQwNZsUQ= VRb927RQMVRTkJ3ZCOl3nSGFc988X7mHTyjktnZGN34fORg$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!61t1TZEUMB4cYrnBQCGLa2Wxv2fAG0OaajzkvQwNZsUQ= VRb927RQMVRTkJ3ZCOl3nSGFc988X7mHTyjktnZGNLDcMB4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 14, 2026 16:01:29
    FOUS30 KWBC 141601
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1201 PM EDT Sun Jun 14 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE ARE SLIGHT RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE SOUTHERN
    PLAINS AS WELL AS FOR NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...Southern Plains...

    A very slow-moving cold front will sink southward across Oklahoma
    and Arkansas today. Ahead of the front, an impressively moisture-
    laden air mass is in place over Texas and much of the Gulf Coast in
    general. Decaying MCS near the ArkLaTex will continue to drift
    southeastward and weaken this afternoon, allowing for some clearing
    in its wake. For the afternoon, plentiful southerly flow off the
    Gulf into southeast Texas will lead to widespread but largely
    disorganized shower and thunderstorm activity from the Houston and
    San Antonio metros north. Anywhere cell mergers or localized
    training features develop, localized flash flooding will be
    possible today, with urban areas more susceptible.

    A higher-end Slight Risk is noted across west Texas and the Hill
    Country where afternoon and evening thunderstorms will impact those
    areas. For the Hill Country, the main flooding threat will be
    tonight, as merging storms may yield an axis of heavier rain with
    potential rates of 2"/hr (20-60% chance from the 12Z HREF
    neighborhood probs). The storms will run into increasing resistance
    tonight in the form of a strengthening LLJ, which should slow down
    the forward speed of the storms as the traverse the Hill Country.
    Due to the flashy nature of the terrain in the Hill Country, the
    higher-end Slight was warranted. Back into New Mexico, afternoon
    and evening storms could interact with both the terrain features in
    the area, such as the Sacramento Mountains, urban El Paso, and any
    burn scars in the area.

    ...Northern New England...

    A Slight Risk is maintained for northern New England. The same
    cold front that will be impacting the Southern Plains will have a
    much easier time pushing eastward in northern areas, as a large
    upper level low over Canada pushes frequent shortwave disturbances
    east across the northeastern U.S.. Despite the progressive nature
    of the front, a surge of moisture will rapidly advect northward
    into New England ahead of the front, aided by increasing upper
    level support as a strong shortwave becomes more negatively tilted
    with time as it rounds the southeastern periphery of the upper
    level low. The moisture surge will also increase the instability,
    with MUCAPE values around 1,000 J/kg expected on average, and
    values up to 2,000 in some areas, including southeastern VT. The
    plume of moisture and instability will support numerous fast-moving thunderstorms training northeastward along and south of the
    Canadian border. The training storms will impact recently hard hit
    areas of northern New England, where soils are wetter than normal
    going into this event (FFG values around 1-2"/hr). While there's
    some question as to how strong the storms will get, the likelihood
    they will train along and south of the plume of greatest rainfall
    is high. The storms will train over northern New England for
    several hours before the cold front sweeps across from west to east
    tonight. The hilly terrain here can exacerbate rainfall rates and
    lead to flash flooding, especially in narrower river/stream
    valleys.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...

    Maintained the Marginal Risk for the Mid-Atlantic due to the
    continued chance for afternoon and evening storms feeding on the
    same moisture plume that will advance into New England. This could
    lead to localized instances of flash flooding, especially in urban
    areas along the I-95 corridor, though the severe threat appears
    greater.
    ...Florida...
    On the east coast of Florida, sea breeze interactions with the
    abundant moisture (PWATs around 2 inches) over the state should
    allow for a renewed development of afternoon and evening
    thunderstorms today. The storms will be nearly stationary, so
    mergers will pose the greatest threat for more prolonged periods of
    heavy rain, though all strong cells will be capable of localized
    heavy rain.

    Fracasso/Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM SOUTH TEXAS
    THROUGH THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    As far as changes to the inherited forecast go, the day 2 forecast
    is the most similar to the prior forecast. A strong cold front over
    north Texas through southern Arkansas at the start of the day will
    continue making painfully slow progress south towards the western
    Gulf Coast on Monday. Meanwhile a surge of deep tropical moisture
    will actually further increase the amount of available moisture
    the storms will have to work with as they push south across Texas.
    The MCS from Sunday night along the Rio Grande will continue south
    into Monday morning along the Rio Grande and the Texas Hill
    Country. This MCS will weaken by midday, only to be replaced with
    far more numerous showers and thunderstorms all across southern and
    eastern Texas. These storms will form as the surge of moisture and
    plentiful instability from the Gulf advects north and west into
    southeast Texas. The storms from any morning MCs will quickly
    evolve into a slow moving line of storms from east Texas into
    Mississippi due to the abundant moisture and instability running
    into the very slow-moving cold front roughly near the AR/LA border.
    For some areas of east-central Texas, northern Louisiana, and
    western Mississippi, there may be no stop between any early morning
    rain from overnight MCS and the afternoon convection that quickly
    blossoms along the frontal interface. High FFGs and somewhat drier
    than normal surface soils going in to the Day 2 (depending on what
    happens today), should work to preclude Moderate Risk level
    coverage of flash flooding, but the whole area is in a higher-end
    Slight and a Moderate Risk upgrade is possible with future updates.

    For South Texas, the primary flash flooding threat for the period
    will occur overnight Monday night. While the abundant moisture will
    be in place in this region, there will be a lack of forcing, due
    to the distant cold front over the Hill Country, until the arrival
    of a potent upper level disturbance. This disturbance is likely at
    least in part the remnant circulation of former East Pacific
    tropical storm Cristina. As this feature pushes northeast out of
    the mountains of Mexico towards south Texas, it will not only
    increase the low level inflow of tropical moisture, but will
    provide ample forcing to organize the storms into slow-moving lines
    of training cells that track northwestward with time up the Rio
    Grande. PWATs will be 4 sigma above normal, exceeding 2.5 inches at
    times, so any and all storms will have impressive amounts of
    moisture to work with to produce heavy rain. Instability due to
    extensive cloud cover commensurate with such amounts of moisture
    will likely be the only limiting factor for coverage of heavy rain.
    A Moderate Risk may also need to be considered in south Texas
    should coverage of storms remain similar with more CAMs coverage and
    portions of this area get significant rainfall on Day 1/today.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE WESTERN AND
    CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...South Texas...

    The entire focus of heavy rainfall across South Texas Tuesday will
    be the speed of movement of the upper level disturbance which
    likely in part the upper level circulation of former east Pacific
    tropical storm Cristina. The global guidance is in alright
    agreement, but it could certainly be better. The EC is far slower
    with its movement than the GFS. For this period, the difference
    between the two is small enough that there is at least some
    confidence in the subsequent meteorological effects. Essentially
    the upper level Pacific moisture with Cristina will combine with
    exceptionally deep Gulf moisture along the western periphery of the
    Gulf, to raise PWATs to near record territory for this time of year
    for some areas of deep south Texas, particularly along the coast.
    With the disturbance in place, and strengthening with time, this
    abundant moisture will be focused into slow-moving bands of heavy-
    rain producing thunderstorms. PWATs will exceed 2.5 inches along
    the coast, with some areas even nearing 2.75 inches. The exact
    track of the slow-moving disturbance will be key as to who sees the
    most rain, as the storms ride north off the Gulf and into coast to
    the east of the center of circulation.

    Rain wrapping around the circulation will spread west across all of
    deep south Texas, right to the Rio Grande. This will lead to a
    second consecutive day with exceptional rainfall totals in spots,
    with areal average rainfall for the period likely exceeding 3
    inches (with much higher localized amounts) from essentially
    Galveston south and west. At the moment, the heaviest totals look
    to concentrate for the portion of south Texas from Corpus Christi
    south and west to the Rio Grande, but again any change in track or
    speed of the upper low and any possible surface circulation will
    change this dramatically. Regardless, considering the overlap from
    the Day 2/Monday period, should this rainfall forecast remain
    similar with future updates, a Moderate Risk will be necessary as
    FFGs in this area will be much lower than they are now. Further,
    there will be urban flooding impacts from Brownsville to Corpus
    Christi as well.

    ...Louisiana into the South...

    Up the coast from south Texas, the plume of abundant Gulf moisture
    will continue to stream north into the slow moving front that will
    remain set up from east Texas through northern Louisiana and into
    western Mississippi. The good news for Tuesday is that the likely
    influence of the upper level low over deep south Texas/Mexico will
    make for downstream ridging, which should limit the coverage of
    heavy rain from Houston east across the South. That said, the front
    will still be a potent forcing feature, and training storms
    tracking east parallel to the front will still pose a localized
    flash flooding problem. Thus, the inherited Slight for this region
    remains in place, especially considering the likely much more
    favorable hydrology as this will be the second or third day
    (depending on where you are) of heavy rain for this region. This
    will likely offset the somewhat lighter rainfall totals expected
    Tuesday and Tuesday night. A faster forward speed of the upper
    level disturbance could also re-increase the rainfall forecast for
    this region and also push some areas close to Moderate Risk
    territory with future updates.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE ARE SLIGHT RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, OHIO VALLEY, MID-SOUTH, AND GULF COAST
    ON DAY 4 AND DAY 5...

    An anomalous upper-level pattern will be the catalyst for active
    days 4-5 timeframe from the Gulf Coast on north to the OH Valley
    and as far east as the central Appalachians. Southeast TX and
    portions of the Deep South will also experience widespread
    thunderstorms.

    On Day 4 (Wed.) a robust 500mb vorticity maximum will spawn a
    strong area of low pressure at the nose of a 500mb jet streak.
    ECMWF SAT percentiles show show MSLP values that are among the
    lowest in the CFSR database (1979-2009) over the Midwest by 00Z
    Thursday that continue into early Thursday morning over the Great
    Lakes. 850mb winds will be roaring to the tune of 50 kts and
    potentially stronger than that over the OH Valley. The combination
    of highly anomalous low pressure over the Midwest paired with high
    pressure south of Bermuda will force Gulf moisture to race
    northward into the Middle MS Valley and on east into the OH Valley.
    With PWs also above the 90th climatological percentile, storms may
    be fast movers, but they will contain efficient warm rain
    processes. A Slight Risk was introduced from the MS Valley to as
    far east as central OH to account for the increased flash flood
    potential. Farther south, the pool of anomalous PWs accompanied by
    a strengthening southerly IVT over the western Gulf will keep the
    TX Coast at risk for Excessive Rainfall. While guidance still shows
    some differing solutions, the region will only continue to see
    soils grow more sensitive after multiple days of rain prior to
    Wednesday. A Slight Risk was introduced for the Lower and Central
    TX Gulf Coast, aligning with where the heaviest WPC QPF is located.

    For Day 5 (Thurs.), between the NAEFS and ECMWF SATs, the
    southerly winds within the 1000-500mb layer over the western Gulf
    are remarkable with the entire layer's southerly wind anomalies
    averaging at least the 97.5 climatological percentile. This means
    the Gulf is wide open for business, not just with low-level
    moisture but into the mid-to-upper levels as well. ECMWF and GEFS
    ensemble means on Day 5 have PWs above 2.2" over the central Gulf
    Coast with >90th climatological PWs as far north as the OH Valley.
    A strong cold front will trigger widespread thunderstorms within
    this environment that is likely to pose a flash flood threat in
    portions of the recently more sensitive soils of the OH and TN
    Valleys, leading to the issuance of a Slight Risk in these areas.
    Farther south, guidance shows varying solutions of what could
    transpire in east TX. The 12Z ECMWF EFI has a swath of >1 Shift of
    Tails (SoT) from east TX to as far north as northern MS, and even a
    small >2 SoT north of I-10 in east TX, indicating a signal for
    locally significant rainfall being possible in these areas. The
    details on the development of low pressure in the Deep South remain
    unclear. That said, there is no denying the copious amounts of
    moisture at these thunderstorms disposal and soils throughout the
    region will have only grown more sensitive after multiple days of
    Excessive Rainfall. A Slight Risk was introduced over the Upper TX
    coast on east into southwest LA where it aligns with not only the
    ECMWF EFI signal but the overlap with the more anomalous moisture
    content and the heavier WPC QPF within the TX/LA area.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_ofHfnhC4OWALqv1P3TsTK4EhBj-_4XWtRzGe0Zy8dWv= BD_v_PIqNqwUUCxHWCtjM6VDwPt3RXfzaw_S5xBKPrDFMws$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_ofHfnhC4OWALqv1P3TsTK4EhBj-_4XWtRzGe0Zy8dWv= BD_v_PIqNqwUUCxHWCtjM6VDwPt3RXfzaw_S5xBK8VhlLVA$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_ofHfnhC4OWALqv1P3TsTK4EhBj-_4XWtRzGe0Zy8dWv= BD_v_PIqNqwUUCxHWCtjM6VDwPt3RXfzaw_S5xBKfniHmAg$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 14, 2026 19:56:38
    FOUS30 KWBC 141956
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    356 PM EDT Sun Jun 14 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sun Jun 14 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE ARE SLIGHT RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE SOUTHERN
    PLAINS AS WELL AS FOR NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...Southern Plains...

    A very slow-moving cold front will sink southward across Oklahoma
    and Arkansas today. Ahead of the front, an impressively moisture-
    laden air mass is in place over Texas and much of the Gulf Coast in
    general. Decaying MCS near the ArkLaTex will continue to drift
    southeastward and weaken this afternoon, allowing for some clearing
    in its wake. For the afternoon, plentiful southerly flow off the
    Gulf into southeast Texas will lead to widespread but largely
    disorganized shower and thunderstorm activity from the Houston and
    San Antonio metros north. Anywhere cell mergers or localized
    training features develop, localized flash flooding will be
    possible today, with urban areas more susceptible.

    A higher-end Slight Risk is noted across west Texas and the Hill
    Country where afternoon and evening thunderstorms will impact those
    areas. For the Hill Country, the main flooding threat will be
    tonight, as merging storms may yield an axis of heavier rain with
    potential rates of 2"/hr (20-60% chance from the 12Z HREF
    neighborhood probs). The storms will run into increasing resistance
    tonight in the form of a strengthening LLJ, which should slow down
    the forward speed of the storms as the traverse the Hill Country.
    Due to the flashy nature of the terrain in the Hill Country, the
    higher-end Slight was warranted. Back into New Mexico, afternoon
    and evening storms could interact with both the terrain features in
    the area, such as the Sacramento Mountains, urban El Paso, and any
    burn scars in the area.

    ...Northern New England...

    A Slight Risk is maintained for northern New England. The same
    cold front that will be impacting the Southern Plains will have a
    much easier time pushing eastward in northern areas, as a large
    upper level low over Canada pushes frequent shortwave disturbances
    east across the northeastern U.S.. Despite the progressive nature
    of the front, a surge of moisture will rapidly advect northward
    into New England ahead of the front, aided by increasing upper
    level support as a strong shortwave becomes more negatively tilted
    with time as it rounds the southeastern periphery of the upper
    level low. The moisture surge will also increase the instability,
    with MUCAPE values around 1,000 J/kg expected on average, and
    values up to 2,000 in some areas, including southeastern VT. The
    plume of moisture and instability will support numerous fast-moving thunderstorms training northeastward along and south of the
    Canadian border. The training storms will impact recently hard hit
    areas of northern New England, where soils are wetter than normal
    going into this event (FFG values around 1-2"/hr). While there's
    some question as to how strong the storms will get, the likelihood
    they will train along and south of the plume of greatest rainfall
    is high. The storms will train over northern New England for
    several hours before the cold front sweeps across from west to east
    tonight. The hilly terrain here can exacerbate rainfall rates and
    lead to flash flooding, especially in narrower river/stream
    valleys.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...

    Maintained the Marginal Risk for the Mid-Atlantic due to the
    continued chance for afternoon and evening storms feeding on the
    same moisture plume that will advance into New England. This could
    lead to localized instances of flash flooding, especially in urban
    areas along the I-95 corridor, though the severe threat appears
    greater.

    ...Florida...
    On the east coast of Florida, sea breeze interactions with the
    abundant moisture (PWATs around 2 inches) over the state should
    allow for a renewed development of afternoon and evening
    thunderstorms today. The storms will be nearly stationary, so
    mergers will pose the greatest threat for more prolonged periods of
    heavy rain, though all strong cells will be capable of localized
    heavy rain.

    Fracasso/Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER SOUTH TEXAS...

    ...Southeastern Texas to the Lower Mississippi Valley...

    In coordination with the Brownsville and Corpus Cristi offices, we
    have introduced a Moderate Risk area to South Texas for this
    Excessive Rainfall Outlook. Though there remains uncertainty in the path/strength of the mid-level system over northeastern Mexico,
    most of the guidance does bring it to the US/Mexican border by 12Z
    Tue, acting as a trigger to the moisture-laden atmosphere with
    PWATs of over 2 inches up to near 2.5 inches (>99th percentile or
    +4 sigma). As this feature pushes northeastward out of the
    mountains of Mexico towards south Texas, it will not only increase
    the low level inflow of tropical moisture, but will provide ample
    forcing to organize the storms into slow-moving lines of training
    cells that track northward/northwestward with time up the Rio
    Grande. Any and all storms will have impressive amounts of
    moisture to work with to produce heavy rain given the fully
    saturated lower atmosphere all the way up to the tropopause per
    some forecast soundings. Instability due to extensive cloud cover
    commensurate with such amounts of moisture will likely be the only
    limiting factor for coverage of heavy rain. Focused the Moderate
    Risk on the highest HREF/REFS probs for heavier rain and some very
    robust CAM QPF (>5-8"), but with room to maneuver in subsequent
    issuances based on the rainfall that falls tonight.

    To the north, the strong cold front over north Texas through
    southern Arkansas at the start of the day Monday will continue
    making painfully slow progress south towards the western Gulf Coast.
    The surge of deep tropical moisture will actually further increase
    the amount of available moisture the storms will have to work with
    as they push south across Texas. The MCS from Sunday night along
    the Rio Grande will continue south into Monday morning along the
    Rio Grande and the Texas Hill Country. This MCS will weaken by
    midday, only to be replaced with far more numerous showers and
    thunderstorms all across southern and eastern Texas. These storms
    will form as the surge of moisture and plentiful instability from
    the Gulf advects north and west into southeast Texas. The storms
    from any morning MCS will quickly evolve into a slow-moving line
    of storms from east Texas into Mississippi due to the abundant
    moisture and instability running into the very slow-moving cold
    front roughly near the AR/LA border. For some areas of east-central
    Texas, northern Louisiana, and western Mississippi, there may be
    no stop between any early morning rain from overnight MCS and the
    afternoon convection that quickly blossoms along the frontal
    interface. High FFGs and somewhat drier than normal surface soils
    going in to the Day 2 (depending on what happens today/tonight),
    should work to preclude Moderate Risk level coverage of flash
    flooding, but the whole area is in a higher-end Slight and a
    Moderate Risk upgrade is possible with future updates.

    ...Eastern Maine...

    Lingering rainfall early on Day 2 may still cause localized runoff
    issues over eastern Maine before the rains moves out tomorrow
    afternoon. Added Marginal Risk in coordination with WFO CAR.

    Fracasso/Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE WESTERN
    AND CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...South Texas...

    The entire focus of heavy rainfall across South Texas Tuesday will
    be the speed of movement of the upper level disturbance near or
    perhaps offshore the TX coast. The dynamical guidance is generally
    slower than the AI/ML guidance, which has been the case for at
    least the past 24-36 hrs. But nearly all guidance shows the
    potential for >3-6" of rain on day 3. Upper level Pacific moisture
    will combine with exceptionally deep Gulf moisture along the
    western periphery of the Gulf and support near record PWATs
    (2.5-2.75 inches) for this time of year for some areas of deep
    south Texas, particularly along the coast. With the disturbance in
    place, and strengthening with time, this abundant moisture will be
    focused into slow-moving bands of heavy rain- producing
    thunderstorms. The exact tracks/speed of the slow-moving
    disturbance will be key as to who sees the most rain, as the storms
    ride north off the Gulf and into coast to the east of the center
    of circulation. With rain wrapping all the way back toward the Hill
    Country, this could lead to another day of heavy rain atop
    saturated soils (and lower FFG values). Again, uncertainty is high
    with respect to the westward extension of the heavier rain
    footprint, but an additional several inches of rain is quite
    possible in the TX coastal plain. A slower movement of the system
    would support another Moderate Risk area for South Texas, but will
    wait for a bit more clarity on timing with future model runs.
    Regardless, there will likely be urban flooding impacts from
    Brownsville to Corpus Christi and perhaps northward along the
    coast.

    ...Louisiana into the South...

    Up the coast from South Texas, the plume of abundant Gulf moisture
    will continue to stream north into the slow-moving front that will
    remain set up from east Texas through northern Louisiana and into
    western Mississippi. Combined with a 100-kt RER jet near the Mid-
    South, broad lift may support an arc of higher QPF north of I-10.
    Training storms tracking eastward parallel to the front will pose a
    flash flooding problem over the region ahead of the upstream
    system somewhere along/near the TX Coast. Maintained the Slight for
    this region, especially considering the likely much more favorable
    hydrology as this will be the second or third day (depending on
    where you are) of heavy rain for this region. A faster forward
    speed of the upper level disturbance could increase the rainfall
    forecast for this region which may suggest a Moderate Risk with
    future updates.

    Fracasso/Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE ARE SLIGHT RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, OHIO VALLEY, MID-SOUTH, AND GULF COAST
    ON DAY 4 AND DAY 5...

    20Z Update: Only minor changes were necessary for the D4 and D5
    periods as guidance remains steadfast on a highly anomalous upper
    air pattern materializing through the upcoming week. Main
    discrepancies occur over the Southern U.S. with the handling of a
    disturbance currently progged through the western Gulf. Ensemble
    outputs were favored in providing any distinct changes to the MRGL
    and SLGT risks issues for both days, respectively. Adjustments to
    SLGT risks for both periods were contributed in part to the
    updated D4/5 QPF and the ensemble probabilities for >1" and >2"
    areas during the forecast. There could very well be shifts in the
    alignment of the SLGT and even prospects of future upgrades across
    both the Central Gulf coast and the Ohio Valley for either period,
    however will maintain continuity in the SLGT at these leads to
    allow for greater consensus and better indication of QPF magnitude
    as we move closer to the impact time frames.

    Kleebauer

    ..Previous Discussion..

    An anomalous upper-level pattern will be the catalyst for active
    days 4-5 timeframe from the Gulf Coast on north to the OH Valley
    and as far east as the central Appalachians. Southeast TX and
    portions of the Deep South will also experience widespread
    thunderstorms.

    On Day 4 (Wed.) a robust 500mb vorticity maximum will spawn a
    strong area of low pressure at the nose of a 500mb jet streak.
    ECMWF SAT percentiles show show MSLP values that are among the
    lowest in the CFSR database (1979-2009) over the Midwest by 00Z
    Thursday that continue into early Thursday morning over the Great
    Lakes. 850mb winds will be roaring to the tune of 50 kts and
    potentially stronger than that over the OH Valley. The combination
    of highly anomalous low pressure over the Midwest paired with high
    pressure south of Bermuda will force Gulf moisture to race
    northward into the Middle MS Valley and on east into the OH Valley.
    With PWs also above the 90th climatological percentile, storms may
    be fast movers, but they will contain efficient warm rain
    processes. A Slight Risk was introduced from the MS Valley to as
    far east as central OH to account for the increased flash flood
    potential. Farther south, the pool of anomalous PWs accompanied by
    a strengthening southerly IVT over the western Gulf will keep the
    TX Coast at risk for Excessive Rainfall. While guidance still shows
    some differing solutions, the region will only continue to see
    soils grow more sensitive after multiple days of rain prior to
    Wednesday. A Slight Risk was introduced for the Lower and Central
    TX Gulf Coast, aligning with where the heaviest WPC QPF is located.

    For Day 5 (Thurs.), between the NAEFS and ECMWF SATs, the
    southerly winds within the 1000-500mb layer over the western Gulf
    are remarkable with the entire layer's southerly wind anomalies
    averaging at least the 97.5 climatological percentile. This means
    the Gulf is wide open for business, not just with low-level
    moisture but into the mid-to-upper levels as well. ECMWF and GEFS
    ensemble means on Day 5 have PWs above 2.2" over the central Gulf
    Coast with >90th climatological PWs as far north as the OH Valley.
    A strong cold front will trigger widespread thunderstorms within
    this environment that is likely to pose a flash flood threat in
    portions of the recently more sensitive soils of the OH and TN
    Valleys, leading to the issuance of a Slight Risk in these areas.
    Farther south, guidance shows varying solutions of what could
    transpire in east TX. The 12Z ECMWF EFI has a swath of >1 Shift of
    Tails (SoT) from east TX to as far north as northern MS, and even a
    small >2 SoT north of I-10 in east TX, indicating a signal for
    locally significant rainfall being possible in these areas. The
    details on the development of low pressure in the Deep South remain
    unclear. That said, there is no denying the copious amounts of
    moisture at these thunderstorms disposal and soils throughout the
    region will have only grown more sensitive after multiple days of
    Excessive Rainfall. A Slight Risk was introduced over the Upper TX
    coast on east into southwest LA where it aligns with not only the
    ECMWF EFI signal but the overlap with the more anomalous moisture
    content and the heavier WPC QPF within the TX/LA area.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_h3ESYK6UWG6kHeAXV20ZZLfQRmIee1FphzuWeWcVWFn= jU138ZurBytvKOzAzu0CWaaYGjhV2UG4McFLoJKAbcXwvpU$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_h3ESYK6UWG6kHeAXV20ZZLfQRmIee1FphzuWeWcVWFn= jU138ZurBytvKOzAzu0CWaaYGjhV2UG4McFLoJKAS7wJ6fM$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_h3ESYK6UWG6kHeAXV20ZZLfQRmIee1FphzuWeWcVWFn= jU138ZurBytvKOzAzu0CWaaYGjhV2UG4McFLoJKATFNZOBI$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 15, 2026 00:36:25
    FOUS30 KWBC 150036
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    836 PM EDT Sun Jun 14 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026

    ...THERE ARE SLIGHT RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE SOUTHERN
    PLAINS AS WELL AS FOR NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...Southern Plains...

    01Z Update: The general synoptic pattern remains on track with a
    slow-moving cold front likely to be a focus for heavy convection
    this evening into the early morning hours of Monday. Current radar
    and satellite trends indicate scattered heavy thunderstorms over
    central and east TX with a smattering of heavy cells focused across southwestern TX near the terrain. Instability and PWATs are more
    than sufficient for significant convective development this evening
    as PWATs well north of 2" across much of TX east of the 100W
    longitude marker signal a primed scenario for intense rainfall
    rates >2" in any storm that can materialize. Much of the previous
    forecast below remains on track, so changes to the SLGT risk were
    minor in this update.

    Kleebauer

    ..Previous Discussion..

    A higher-end Slight Risk is noted across west Texas and the Hill
    Country where afternoon and evening thunderstorms will impact those
    areas. For the Hill Country, the main flooding threat will be
    tonight, as merging storms may yield an axis of heavier rain with
    potential rates of 2"/hr (20-60% chance from the 12Z HREF
    neighborhood probs). The storms will run into increasing resistance
    tonight in the form of a strengthening LLJ, which should slow down
    the forward speed of the storms as the traverse the Hill Country.
    Due to the flashy nature of the terrain in the Hill Country, the
    higher-end Slight was warranted. Back into New Mexico, afternoon
    and evening storms could interact with both the terrain features in
    the area, such as the Sacramento Mountains, urban El Paso, and any
    burn scars in the area.

    Fracasso

    ...Northern New England...

    01Z Update: Only minor changes made to the SLGT risk across
    northern New England with the main change affecting a trimming of
    the SLGT and MRGL risk across western and Upstate NY. The general
    synoptic pattern remains on track as the shortwave trough axis
    continues to push through Quebec with precipitation just now
    entering into the outlined area. Heaviest axis of QPF is forecast
    across VT into the Hudson Valley, most of which will occur
    overnight along and just ahead of the cold front.

    Kleebauer

    ..Previous Discussion..

    A Slight Risk is maintained for northern New England. The same
    cold front that will be impacting the Southern Plains will have a
    much easier time pushing eastward in northern areas, as a large
    upper level low over Canada pushes frequent shortwave disturbances
    east across the northeastern U.S.. Despite the progressive nature
    of the front, a surge of moisture will rapidly advect northward
    into New England ahead of the front, aided by increasing upper
    level support as a strong shortwave becomes more negatively tilted
    with time as it rounds the southeastern periphery of the upper
    level low. The moisture surge will also increase the instability,
    with MUCAPE values around 1,000 J/kg expected on average, and
    values up to 2,000 in some areas, including southeastern VT. The
    plume of moisture and instability will support numerous fast-moving thunderstorms training northeastward along and south of the
    Canadian border. The training storms will impact recently hard hit
    areas of northern New England, where soils are wetter than normal
    going into this event (FFG values around 1-2"/hr). While there's
    some question as to how strong the storms will get, the likelihood
    they will train along and south of the plume of greatest rainfall
    is high. The storms will train over northern New England for
    several hours before the cold front sweeps across from west to east
    tonight. The hilly terrain here can exacerbate rainfall rates and
    lead to flash flooding, especially in narrower river/stream
    valleys.

    Fracasso

    ...Mid-Atlantic...

    01Z Update: No changes to the previous forecast with the best risk
    for flash flooding likely to be more urban based or within the
    complex terrain of the Appalachians and neighboring Blue Ridge.

    Kleebauer

    ..Previous Discussion..

    Maintained the Marginal Risk for the Mid-Atlantic due to the
    continued chance for afternoon and evening storms feeding on the
    same moisture plume that will advance into New England. This could
    lead to localized instances of flash flooding, especially in urban
    areas along the I-95 corridor, though the severe threat appears
    greater.

    Fracasso
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER SOUTH TEXAS...

    ...Southeastern Texas to the Lower Mississippi Valley...

    In coordination with the Brownsville and Corpus Cristi offices, we
    have introduced a Moderate Risk area to South Texas for this
    Excessive Rainfall Outlook. Though there remains uncertainty in the path/strength of the mid-level system over northeastern Mexico,
    most of the guidance does bring it to the US/Mexican border by 12Z
    Tue, acting as a trigger to the moisture-laden atmosphere with
    PWATs of over 2 inches up to near 2.5 inches (>99th percentile or
    +4 sigma). As this feature pushes northeastward out of the
    mountains of Mexico towards south Texas, it will not only increase
    the low level inflow of tropical moisture, but will provide ample
    forcing to organize the storms into slow-moving lines of training
    cells that track northward/northwestward with time up the Rio
    Grande. Any and all storms will have impressive amounts of
    moisture to work with to produce heavy rain given the fully
    saturated lower atmosphere all the way up to the tropopause per
    some forecast soundings. Instability due to extensive cloud cover
    commensurate with such amounts of moisture will likely be the only
    limiting factor for coverage of heavy rain. Focused the Moderate
    Risk on the highest HREF/REFS probs for heavier rain and some very
    robust CAM QPF (>5-8"), but with room to maneuver in subsequent
    issuances based on the rainfall that falls tonight.

    To the north, the strong cold front over north Texas through
    southern Arkansas at the start of the day Monday will continue
    making painfully slow progress south towards the western Gulf Coast.
    The surge of deep tropical moisture will actually further increase
    the amount of available moisture the storms will have to work with
    as they push south across Texas. The MCS from Sunday night along
    the Rio Grande will continue south into Monday morning along the
    Rio Grande and the Texas Hill Country. This MCS will weaken by
    midday, only to be replaced with far more numerous showers and
    thunderstorms all across southern and eastern Texas. These storms
    will form as the surge of moisture and plentiful instability from
    the Gulf advects north and west into southeast Texas. The storms
    from any morning MCS will quickly evolve into a slow-moving line
    of storms from east Texas into Mississippi due to the abundant
    moisture and instability running into the very slow-moving cold
    front roughly near the AR/LA border. For some areas of east-central
    Texas, northern Louisiana, and western Mississippi, there may be
    no stop between any early morning rain from overnight MCS and the
    afternoon convection that quickly blossoms along the frontal
    interface. High FFGs and somewhat drier than normal surface soils
    going in to the Day 2 (depending on what happens today/tonight),
    should work to preclude Moderate Risk level coverage of flash
    flooding, but the whole area is in a higher-end Slight and a
    Moderate Risk upgrade is possible with future updates.

    ...Eastern Maine...

    Lingering rainfall early on Day 2 may still cause localized runoff
    issues over eastern Maine before the rains moves out tomorrow
    afternoon. Added Marginal Risk in coordination with WFO CAR.
    Fracasso/Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE WESTERN
    AND CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...South Texas...

    The entire focus of heavy rainfall across South Texas Tuesday will
    be the speed of movement of the upper level disturbance near or
    perhaps offshore the TX coast. The dynamical guidance is generally
    slower than the AI/ML guidance, which has been the case for at
    least the past 24-36 hrs. But nearly all guidance shows the
    potential for >3-6" of rain on day 3. Upper level Pacific moisture
    will combine with exceptionally deep Gulf moisture along the
    western periphery of the Gulf and support near record PWATs
    (2.5-2.75 inches) for this time of year for some areas of deep
    south Texas, particularly along the coast. With the disturbance in
    place, and strengthening with time, this abundant moisture will be
    focused into slow-moving bands of heavy rain- producing
    thunderstorms. The exact tracks/speed of the slow-moving
    disturbance will be key as to who sees the most rain, as the storms
    ride north off the Gulf and into coast to the east of the center
    of circulation. With rain wrapping all the way back toward the Hill
    Country, this could lead to another day of heavy rain atop
    saturated soils (and lower FFG values). Again, uncertainty is high
    with respect to the westward extension of the heavier rain
    footprint, but an additional several inches of rain is quite
    possible in the TX coastal plain. A slower movement of the system
    would support another Moderate Risk area for South Texas, but will
    wait for a bit more clarity on timing with future model runs.
    Regardless, there will likely be urban flooding impacts from
    Brownsville to Corpus Christi and perhaps northward along the
    coast.

    ...Louisiana into the South...

    Up the coast from South Texas, the plume of abundant Gulf moisture
    will continue to stream north into the slow-moving front that will
    remain set up from east Texas through northern Louisiana and into
    western Mississippi. Combined with a 100-kt RER jet near the Mid-
    South, broad lift may support an arc of higher QPF north of I-10.
    Training storms tracking eastward parallel to the front will pose a
    flash flooding problem over the region ahead of the upstream
    system somewhere along/near the TX Coast. Maintained the Slight for
    this region, especially considering the likely much more favorable
    hydrology as this will be the second or third day (depending on
    where you are) of heavy rain for this region. A faster forward
    speed of the upper level disturbance could increase the rainfall
    forecast for this region which may suggest a Moderate Risk with
    future updates.

    Fracasso/Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026
    ...THERE ARE SLIGHT RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, OHIO VALLEY, MID-SOUTH, AND GULF COAST
    ON DAY 4 AND DAY 5...

    20Z Update: Only minor changes were necessary for the D4 and D5
    periods as guidance remains steadfast on a highly anomalous upper
    air pattern materializing through the upcoming week. Main
    discrepancies occur over the Southern U.S. with the handling of a
    disturbance currently progged through the western Gulf. Ensemble
    outputs were favored in providing any distinct changes to the MRGL
    and SLGT risks issues for both days, respectively. Adjustments to
    SLGT risks for both periods were contributed in part to the
    updated D4/5 QPF and the ensemble probabilities for >1" and >2"
    areas during the forecast. There could very well be shifts in the
    alignment of the SLGT and even prospects of future upgrades across
    both the Central Gulf coast and the Ohio Valley for either period,
    however will maintain continuity in the SLGT at these leads to
    allow for greater consensus and better indication of QPF magnitude
    as we move closer to the impact time frames.

    Kleebauer

    ..Previous Discussion..

    An anomalous upper-level pattern will be the catalyst for active
    days 4-5 timeframe from the Gulf Coast on north to the OH Valley
    and as far east as the central Appalachians. Southeast TX and
    portions of the Deep South will also experience widespread
    thunderstorms.

    On Day 4 (Wed.) a robust 500mb vorticity maximum will spawn a
    strong area of low pressure at the nose of a 500mb jet streak.
    ECMWF SAT percentiles show show MSLP values that are among the
    lowest in the CFSR database (1979-2009) over the Midwest by 00Z
    Thursday that continue into early Thursday morning over the Great
    Lakes. 850mb winds will be roaring to the tune of 50 kts and
    potentially stronger than that over the OH Valley. The combination
    of highly anomalous low pressure over the Midwest paired with high
    pressure south of Bermuda will force Gulf moisture to race
    northward into the Middle MS Valley and on east into the OH Valley.
    With PWs also above the 90th climatological percentile, storms may
    be fast movers, but they will contain efficient warm rain
    processes. A Slight Risk was introduced from the MS Valley to as
    far east as central OH to account for the increased flash flood
    potential. Farther south, the pool of anomalous PWs accompanied by
    a strengthening southerly IVT over the western Gulf will keep the
    TX Coast at risk for Excessive Rainfall. While guidance still shows
    some differing solutions, the region will only continue to see
    soils grow more sensitive after multiple days of rain prior to
    Wednesday. A Slight Risk was introduced for the Lower and Central
    TX Gulf Coast, aligning with where the heaviest WPC QPF is located.

    For Day 5 (Thurs.), between the NAEFS and ECMWF SATs, the
    southerly winds within the 1000-500mb layer over the western Gulf
    are remarkable with the entire layer's southerly wind anomalies
    averaging at least the 97.5 climatological percentile. This means
    the Gulf is wide open for business, not just with low-level
    moisture but into the mid-to-upper levels as well. ECMWF and GEFS
    ensemble means on Day 5 have PWs above 2.2" over the central Gulf
    Coast with >90th climatological PWs as far north as the OH Valley.
    A strong cold front will trigger widespread thunderstorms within
    this environment that is likely to pose a flash flood threat in
    portions of the recently more sensitive soils of the OH and TN
    Valleys, leading to the issuance of a Slight Risk in these areas.
    Farther south, guidance shows varying solutions of what could
    transpire in east TX. The 12Z ECMWF EFI has a swath of >1 Shift of
    Tails (SoT) from east TX to as far north as northern MS, and even a
    small >2 SoT north of I-10 in east TX, indicating a signal for
    locally significant rainfall being possible in these areas. The
    details on the development of low pressure in the Deep South remain
    unclear. That said, there is no denying the copious amounts of
    moisture at these thunderstorms disposal and soils throughout the
    region will have only grown more sensitive after multiple days of
    Excessive Rainfall. A Slight Risk was introduced over the Upper TX
    coast on east into southwest LA where it aligns with not only the
    ECMWF EFI signal but the overlap with the more anomalous moisture
    content and the heavier WPC QPF within the TX/LA area.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4cW9FsSAecpOl9nNE5ji5r8fyp13WjKcbHhoq-8MXXLa= 4f6UaBysAFb0yAvNNMUZoU9SUSFH8K8bp-DwZdxKTIcivno$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4cW9FsSAecpOl9nNE5ji5r8fyp13WjKcbHhoq-8MXXLa= 4f6UaBysAFb0yAvNNMUZoU9SUSFH8K8bp-DwZdxKy6vnGsI$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4cW9FsSAecpOl9nNE5ji5r8fyp13WjKcbHhoq-8MXXLa= 4f6UaBysAFb0yAvNNMUZoU9SUSFH8K8bp-DwZdxKtg9poHY$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 15, 2026 08:20:47
    FOUS30 KWBC 150820
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    420 AM EDT Mon Jun 15 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE ARE MODERATE RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE
    TEXAS GULF COAST AND SOUTH TEXAS AS WELL AS FOR A PORTION OF WEST-
    CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

    ...Texas Gulf Coast and South Texas...

    A very impressive setup for flash flooding will begin to unfold
    along the Gulf Coast of Texas today, and will continue into future
    days. The impressive ingredient is the sheer amount of moisture
    that will be advecting north into south Texas and the Gulf coast
    over the next few days in advance of a potent upper level low, some
    of the remnants of former east Pacific tropical storm Cristina.

    PWATs advecting into deep south Texas are likely to broach close to
    record territory today, as they climb to as high as 2.75 inches.
    This is a function of well above normal sea-surface temperatures
    in the Gulf adding low-level moisture, and preexisting upper level
    moisture from Cristina. The combination of these could fully
    saturate the atmosphere up to the tropopause, with melting layers
    as high as 17,000 ft. This will make any storms that develop in
    this environment having an almost unnatural ability to produce
    heavy rain. As the aforementioned upper level disturbance
    approaches and lee cyclogenesis begins east of the Mexico mountains
    tonight, expect multiple rounds of storms across Deep South Texas
    to impact the area. A westward moving band may start off around
    peak heating this afternoon, then as the disturbance approaches
    tonight, a nearly stationary or slowly eastward moving band is
    expected to develop overnight tonight which will persist for much
    of the night as competing forcings create an area of low level
    convergence over Deep South Texas. There is some uncertainty as to
    where this convergence sets up, but it appears it's most likely
    closer to the Rio Grande Valley on the western side of Deep South
    Texas. Given the incredible moisture available for the storms,
    localized cells could produce rainfall rates as high as 5 inches
    per hour, with 3 inch/hour rates common. Despite dry soils going
    in, these incredible rain rates will easily overwhelm the areas
    experiencing them, resulting in widespread and locally catastrophic
    flash flooding, especially in any towns or cities that experience
    an extended duration of rainfall rates of that magnitude.

    Further north, the north-south oriented bands over Deep South Texas
    will impact a strong but slow-moving cold front drifting
    southeastward towards the Texas Gulf Coast. This will funnel the
    prodigious moisture northeastward paralleling the coast. The storms
    will follow, resulting in training. As in Deep South Texas, despite
    slightly, and I mean only slightly lower PWATs, rainfall rates to 3
    in/hr will be common with localized rates to 5 inches/hour here as
    well. FFGs are significantly lower from Corpus Christi northeast to
    Houston as compared with further south down the coast, thus, these
    prodigious rainfall rates will have no trouble exceeding FFGs.
    Frictional convergence of the onshore flow and the front will make
    for nearly stationary bands of storms along much of the middle
    Texas Coast. Thus, expect storm total rainfall amounts today easily
    exceeding 3 inches, but localized amounts will be much higher,
    perhaps approaching 8 inches, as noted by the HREF probabilities.
    With some uncertainty as to how prolific the storm total rainfall
    amounts will be, the Moderate Risk may need to continue to be
    upgraded in the hardest hit areas through the day, especially if
    those include urban areas from Brownsville through Houston.

    ...West-Central Mississippi...

    The same incredible moisture plume as over Texas is already in
    place across all of Louisiana and southern Mississippi this
    morning. The same front as in Texas will be even stronger to the
    east in Louisiana and Mississippi. Thus, with southwesterly LLJ
    flow into this front, expect numerous thunderstorms to develop
    across northern Louisiana and west-central Mississippi by midday
    today. The storms will run into a "wall" that is the cold front,
    forcing them to turn eastward, resulting in a well-defined line of
    storms along the frontal interface. It appears this is most likely
    to occur along the I-20 corridor. The heaviest rains will occur
    from midday through sunset, after which there may be a break before
    more scattered convection redevelops in the early morning hours of
    Tuesday. Multiple inch per hour rates are likely with these storms
    as well due to the deep moisture with PWATs at record territory
    between 2.25 and 2.5 inches. Portions of western Mississippi have
    been recently hard hit with heavy rains, resulting in wet soils,
    and the Jackson area due to urban concerns is also vulnerable to
    flash flooding due to heavy rainfall. In coordination with the
    JAN/Jackson, MS forecast office, a Moderate Risk upgrade has been
    introduced. While soils are less supportive of flooding further
    west into northern Louisiana, persistent multiple inch/hour rates
    along the I-20 corridor could result in an expansion of the
    Moderate Risk with future updates.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE ARE MODERATE RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE ENTIRE
    TEXAS GULF COAST AS WELL AS FOR WEST-CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

    ...Texas Gulf Coast...

    A plume of incredibly deep tropical moisture over the entire Texas
    Gulf Coast will be in place at the start of the period Tuesday
    morning. Ongoing lee cyclogenesis in advance of a strong upper
    level disturbance will support continuous numerous showers and
    thunderstorms in the onshore flow up the western coast of the Gulf
    and into the Texas Gulf Coast. This disturbance will further
    increase the amount of moisture available for the storms, as PWATs
    rise to record territory in some areas, possibly exceeding 2.75
    inches. Any and all storms that continue to develop ahead of the
    low will be capable of multiple inch/hour rainfall rates, despite
    the reduced instability in the early morning. When added to
    Monday's rains, flash flooding is likely to continue all along the
    Texas Gulf Coast until the low itself, which will track
    northeastward roughly parallel to the coast passes a given
    longitude, switching the wind direction from onshore southward to
    offshore northwestward. Since the low will be barely moving, a
    steady onshore flow across the middle and upper Texas Gulf Coasts
    will continue to favor training storms impacting coastal areas,
    with the Houston Metro remaining particularly vulnerable. Meanwhile
    for the lower Texas coast, once the low moves offshore, the
    northwesterly flow will dramatically decrease storm coverage and
    intensity, though not completely shut it off due to the deep
    moisture still in place even behind the low, with the front lagging
    behind along the Rio Grande.

    There is considerable uncertainty as to the northern and western
    extent of the rainfall threat on Tuesday. The cold front bringing
    much drier air will continue its progress south and east across
    South Texas, so the threat will end from west to east during the
    day. Meanwhile extensive cloud cover should limit instability well
    away from the coast. Thus, the storms will have a progressively
    narrowing portion of the Texas Gulf Coast that they will be able to
    impact. Regardless, heavy rain will continue to impact the Lower
    Texas Coast from the D1 period into Tuesday morning, and the heavy
    rains will continue further up the coast throughout the period.
    This supports a continuation of the Moderate Risk into the
    southwest corner of Louisiana.

    ...West Central Mississippi...

    Heavy rains across western Mississippi are likely to redevelop in
    the same area along the I-20 corridor during peak heating Tuesday
    afternoon, and perhaps in some areas never completely stop Tuesday
    morning from any overnight rainfall. The front driving the heaviest
    rainfall with the strongest storms will be completely stationary
    over Mississippi, whereas in Louisiana and points west, it will
    continue painfully slow south and eastward progress. Thus, when
    storms refire Tuesday afternoon, they will be over many of the same
    hard hit areas of central Mississippi as on Monday. Further east,
    on Monday the storms will align east-southeastward from western
    Mississippi to northern Florida. By Tuesday however, northward
    progress of the front as a warm front will allow the heaviest
    rains to impact further north into Alabama and Georgia. Despite a
    lack of rain on Monday, the still wet soils across central Alabama
    towards Birmingham and Montgomery may require an eastward
    extension of the Moderate Risk area into central Alabama.
    Regardless it appears western Mississippi will still be the area
    that gets the most rain, especially over the combined 2 day period.
    Rains in west central Mississippi should diminish with loss of
    daytime heating Tuesday night with lingering storms pressing
    southeastward toward southern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle
    Tuesday night.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE UPPER
    TEXAS GULF COAST INTO SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    This discussion will be updated shortly. Thank you for your
    patience.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR
    PORTIONS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY & CENTRAL GULF COAST ON
    DAY 4...

    Attention is on the multi-day Excessive Rainfall threat in the
    Deep South where an abundance of tropical moisture will engulf
    areas from southeast TX to as far east as GA. There are notable
    timing differences across guidance on the placement of the heaviest
    rainfall, and this will come down in large part to the development
    of the low-level disturbance in the western Gulf. Both its
    development and track will likely be troublesome for guidance to
    key in on for another 24-36 hours until the circulation is formed
    over South TX. That said, the region in total will have witnessed
    multiple rounds of Excessive Rainfall, particularly east TX,
    central and northern LA, and into western MS in lead up to Day 4.
    The 12Z ECMWF EFI showed a notable overlap of >0.7 signals from
    southwest LA on east into central MS, including at least a 2
    contour on the Shift of Tails. In collaboration with several WFOs
    along the central Gulf Coast and the Lower MS Valley, a Moderate
    Risk was issued to account for the concerns of additional Excessive
    Rainfall over areas that will likely be dealing with ongoing flash
    flooding in the days leading up to Thursday. It is worth noting
    that the same axis of anomalous moisture in the South will stream
    north into the TN/OH Valleys. These areas will have the benefit of
    strong synoptic-scale forcing to produce widespread thunderstorms.
    A Slight Risk stretches as far north as southwest PA to account for
    flash flooding in these more flash flood prone areas.

    Day 5 will see a weak 500mb trough axis over central TX tap into
    lingering tropical moisture along the Gulf Coast. Lower pressures
    over the Rio grande and persistent high pressure east of the
    Bahamas will maintain the seemingly endless moisture tap emanating
    out of the Bay of Campeche. Moisture out ahead of the upper trough
    will also collide with a frontal boundary that will extend across
    much of the South. The future of the upper-level feature that
    originated over South TX early in the week may also still play a
    key role in Excessive Rainfall, especially from southern LA on
    east into northern GA. Accounting for various ensemble guidance
    tonight, there is a sufficient signal for Excessive Rainfall in
    areas across the South that received copious amounts of rainfall
    the first four days of the work-week to be concerned for more
    scattered instance of flash flooding that could be locally
    significant. A Slight Risk was issued from the Lower Rio Grande
    Valley to as far east as the Appalachians of northern GA.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8tMz9mXSWRMUzjgoVrQyB6jDsZeuwarOrvGDJi0UM3EV= Jl7EX0h056Vha9GbRCYFnYwYv1Wm_RTm_5o_V8VQArMirHU$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8tMz9mXSWRMUzjgoVrQyB6jDsZeuwarOrvGDJi0UM3EV= Jl7EX0h056Vha9GbRCYFnYwYv1Wm_RTm_5o_V8VQZctm36w$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8tMz9mXSWRMUzjgoVrQyB6jDsZeuwarOrvGDJi0UM3EV= Jl7EX0h056Vha9GbRCYFnYwYv1Wm_RTm_5o_V8VQogb0674$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 15, 2026 09:03:34
    FOUS30 KWBC 150903
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    503 AM EDT Mon Jun 15 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE ARE MODERATE RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE
    TEXAS GULF COAST AND SOUTH TEXAS AS WELL AS FOR A PORTION OF WEST-
    CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

    ...Texas Gulf Coast and South Texas...

    A very impressive setup for flash flooding will begin to unfold
    along the Gulf Coast of Texas today, and will continue into future
    days. The impressive ingredient is the sheer amount of moisture
    that will be advecting north into south Texas and the Gulf coast
    over the next few days in advance of a potent upper level low, some
    of the remnants of former east Pacific tropical storm Cristina.

    PWATs advecting into deep south Texas are likely to broach close to
    record territory today, as they climb to as high as 2.75 inches.
    This is a function of well above normal sea-surface temperatures
    in the Gulf adding low-level moisture, and preexisting upper level
    moisture from Cristina. The combination of these could fully
    saturate the atmosphere up to the tropopause, with melting layers
    as high as 17,000 ft. This will make any storms that develop in
    this environment having an almost unnatural ability to produce
    heavy rain. As the aforementioned upper level disturbance
    approaches and lee cyclogenesis begins east of the Mexico mountains
    tonight, expect multiple rounds of storms across Deep South Texas
    to impact the area. A westward moving band may start off around
    peak heating this afternoon, then as the disturbance approaches
    tonight, a nearly stationary or slowly eastward moving band is
    expected to develop overnight tonight which will persist for much
    of the night as competing forcings create an area of low level
    convergence over Deep South Texas. There is some uncertainty as to
    where this convergence sets up, but it appears it's most likely
    closer to the Rio Grande Valley on the western side of Deep South
    Texas. Given the incredible moisture available for the storms,
    localized cells could produce rainfall rates as high as 5 inches
    per hour, with 3 inch/hour rates common. Despite dry soils going
    in, these incredible rain rates will easily overwhelm the areas
    experiencing them, resulting in widespread and locally catastrophic
    flash flooding, especially in any towns or cities that experience
    an extended duration of rainfall rates of that magnitude.

    Further north, the north-south oriented bands over Deep South Texas
    will impact a strong but slow-moving cold front drifting
    southeastward towards the Texas Gulf Coast. This will funnel the
    prodigious moisture northeastward paralleling the coast. The storms
    will follow, resulting in training. As in Deep South Texas, despite
    slightly, and I mean only slightly lower PWATs, rainfall rates to 3
    in/hr will be common with localized rates to 5 inches/hour here as
    well. FFGs are significantly lower from Corpus Christi northeast to
    Houston as compared with further south down the coast, thus, these
    prodigious rainfall rates will have no trouble exceeding FFGs.
    Frictional convergence of the onshore flow and the front will make
    for nearly stationary bands of storms along much of the middle
    Texas Coast. Thus, expect storm total rainfall amounts today easily
    exceeding 3 inches, but localized amounts will be much higher,
    perhaps approaching 8 inches, as noted by the HREF probabilities.
    With some uncertainty as to how prolific the storm total rainfall
    amounts will be, the Moderate Risk may need to continue to be
    upgraded in the hardest hit areas through the day, especially if
    those include urban areas from Brownsville through Houston.

    ...West-Central Mississippi...

    The same incredible moisture plume as over Texas is already in
    place across all of Louisiana and southern Mississippi this
    morning. The same front as in Texas will be even stronger to the
    east in Louisiana and Mississippi. Thus, with southwesterly LLJ
    flow into this front, expect numerous thunderstorms to develop
    across northern Louisiana and west-central Mississippi by midday
    today. The storms will run into a "wall" that is the cold front,
    forcing them to turn eastward, resulting in a well-defined line of
    storms along the frontal interface. It appears this is most likely
    to occur along the I-20 corridor. The heaviest rains will occur
    from midday through sunset, after which there may be a break before
    more scattered convection redevelops in the early morning hours of
    Tuesday. Multiple inch per hour rates are likely with these storms
    as well due to the deep moisture with PWATs at record territory
    between 2.25 and 2.5 inches. Portions of western Mississippi have
    been recently hard hit with heavy rains, resulting in wet soils,
    and the Jackson area due to urban concerns is also vulnerable to
    flash flooding due to heavy rainfall. In coordination with the
    JAN/Jackson, MS forecast office, a Moderate Risk upgrade has been
    introduced. While soils are less supportive of flooding further
    west into northern Louisiana, persistent multiple inch/hour rates
    along the I-20 corridor could result in an expansion of the
    Moderate Risk with future updates.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE ARE MODERATE RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE ENTIRE
    TEXAS GULF COAST AS WELL AS FOR WEST-CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

    ...Texas Gulf Coast...

    A plume of incredibly deep tropical moisture over the entire Texas
    Gulf Coast will be in place at the start of the period Tuesday
    morning. Ongoing lee cyclogenesis in advance of a strong upper
    level disturbance will support continuous numerous showers and
    thunderstorms in the onshore flow up the western coast of the Gulf
    and into the Texas Gulf Coast. This disturbance will further
    increase the amount of moisture available for the storms, as PWATs
    rise to record territory in some areas, possibly exceeding 2.75
    inches. Any and all storms that continue to develop ahead of the
    low will be capable of multiple inch/hour rainfall rates, despite
    the reduced instability in the early morning. When added to
    Monday's rains, flash flooding is likely to continue all along the
    Texas Gulf Coast until the low itself, which will track
    northeastward roughly parallel to the coast passes a given
    longitude, switching the wind direction from onshore southward to
    offshore northwestward. Since the low will be barely moving, a
    steady onshore flow across the middle and upper Texas Gulf Coasts
    will continue to favor training storms impacting coastal areas,
    with the Houston Metro remaining particularly vulnerable. Meanwhile
    for the lower Texas coast, once the low moves offshore, the
    northwesterly flow will dramatically decrease storm coverage and
    intensity, though not completely shut it off due to the deep
    moisture still in place even behind the low, with the front lagging
    behind along the Rio Grande.

    There is considerable uncertainty as to the northern and western
    extent of the rainfall threat on Tuesday. The cold front bringing
    much drier air will continue its progress south and east across
    South Texas, so the threat will end from west to east during the
    day. Meanwhile extensive cloud cover should limit instability well
    away from the coast. Thus, the storms will have a progressively
    narrowing portion of the Texas Gulf Coast that they will be able to
    impact. Regardless, heavy rain will continue to impact the Lower
    Texas Coast from the D1 period into Tuesday morning, and the heavy
    rains will continue further up the coast throughout the period.
    This supports a continuation of the Moderate Risk into the
    southwest corner of Louisiana.

    ...West Central Mississippi...

    Heavy rains across western Mississippi are likely to redevelop in
    the same area along the I-20 corridor during peak heating Tuesday
    afternoon, and perhaps in some areas never completely stop Tuesday
    morning from any overnight rainfall. The front driving the heaviest
    rainfall with the strongest storms will be completely stationary
    over Mississippi, whereas in Louisiana and points west, it will
    continue painfully slow south and eastward progress. Thus, when
    storms refire Tuesday afternoon, they will be over many of the same
    hard hit areas of central Mississippi as on Monday. Further east,
    on Monday the storms will align east-southeastward from western
    Mississippi to northern Florida. By Tuesday however, northward
    progress of the front as a warm front will allow the heaviest
    rains to impact further north into Alabama and Georgia. Despite a
    lack of rain on Monday, the still wet soils across central Alabama
    towards Birmingham and Montgomery may require an eastward
    extension of the Moderate Risk area into central Alabama.
    Regardless it appears western Mississippi will still be the area
    that gets the most rain, especially over the combined 2 day period.
    Rains in west central Mississippi should diminish with loss of
    daytime heating Tuesday night with lingering storms pressing
    southeastward toward southern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle
    Tuesday night.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE UPPER
    TEXAS GULF COAST INTO SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    ...Upper Texas Gulf Coast into Southwest Louisiana...

    A potent upper level disturbance which includes some of the upper
    level remnants of former East Pacific tropical storm Cristina will
    interact with an incredibly deep moisture plume over the western
    Gulf to continue a multiple day heavy rainfall event over a small
    portion of the upper Texas Gulf Coast on Wednesday. The disturbance
    itself will make better forward progress during the period, moving
    from off South Padre Island at the start of the period into western
    Louisiana by Thursday morning. Immediately in advance of the center
    of this low, heavy rains will continue into the upper Texas Gulf
    coast and the Houston metro from the D2/Tuesday period. The axis of
    heaviest rainfall through the day is likely to be directed east of
    Houston, along the Texas/Louisiana border near Beaumont. Thus, this
    area is likely to see the worst impacts from flash flooding overall
    through the day. The strongest storms will become increasingly tied
    to the movement of the surface low and attendant upper level
    shortwave, as the front that plagued much of Texas will follow
    behind the low, clearing much of the rest of the state from heavy
    rains for a brief time. Across the South, the front that was
    stalled from central Mississippi through Georgia the past few days
    will dissipate entirely in advance of the next strong cold front.
    tracking across the Midwest.

    There remains considerable uncertainty as to how fast the low will
    track up the Texas Gulf Coast towards the lower Mississippi Valley.
    A faster progression may require a northeastward expansion of the
    Slight to cover more of central Louisiana, and if even a bit faster
    still, would re-impact western Mississippi late Wednesday night,
    requiring a significant upgrade from the current blank ERO for that
    area. Thus, significant changes are probable with future updates.

    Since the upper Texas Coast area will have been hard hit on 2
    consecutive days prior to Wednesday, the Moderate Risk continuation
    into Wednesday was needed due to likely ongoing heavy rains through
    the period. While there's better certainty into southwest Louisiana
    for Moderate Risk level heavy rains, the Houston Metro was included
    in coordination with HGX/Houston, TX forecast office due to
    uncertainty largely on Wednesday morning as to how far west the
    heavy rain shield will extend at that time.

    ...Midwest...

    A potent area of low pressure over the Plains at the start of the
    period will progress east across the Midwest at a rather fast clip
    through the day on Wednesday. As the low moves into the mid-
    Mississippi Valley, it will increasingly tap into the large
    moisture plume present across much of the Southeast. The low will
    create its own moisture feed allowing the moisture to rapidly
    advect into the Midwest ahead of the low. The area from northern
    Illinois into Indiana has also been hard hit by periodic rounds of
    heavy rain in recent days, allowing for moist soils and high river
    levels to remain. Light rains at times are expected in the area
    Tuesday afternoon and evening, but due to lack of moisture, no
    significant flash flooding concerns are expected then. By Day
    3/Wednesday however, the tap into the Gulf moisture will change all
    that. Numerous showers and thunderstorms will develop along the
    cold front ahead of the low as PWATs rise well above 1.5 inches,
    reaching as high as 2 inches at times. This will support storms
    capable of 1-3 inch per hour rainfall rates Wednesday afternoon
    through the overnight. The storms will be very fast moving, which
    will reduce the flooding threat, but the aforementioned moist
    soils, urban concerns, and increasing availability of deep moisture
    will all support the potential for widely scattered instances of
    flash flooding.

    Expect a warm front to move across the area around midday to early
    afternoon, then a strong cold front to move through late afternoon
    through the evening, which may consist of one or 2 lines of storms.
    These lines of storms in rapid succession could support training-
    like effects as far as flash flooding potential. Given the very
    favorable hydrology for flash flooding, it's possible targeted
    Moderate Risk upgrades may be needed for portions of the area,
    particularly northern Illinois into northern Indiana, where a
    higher-end Slight is in effect.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR
    PORTIONS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY & CENTRAL GULF COAST ON
    DAY 4...

    Attention is on the multi-day Excessive Rainfall threat in the
    Deep South where an abundance of tropical moisture will engulf
    areas from southeast TX to as far east as GA. There are notable
    timing differences across guidance on the placement of the heaviest
    rainfall, and this will come down in large part to the development
    of the low-level disturbance in the western Gulf. Both its
    development and track will likely be troublesome for guidance to
    key in on for another 24-36 hours until the circulation is formed
    over South TX. That said, the region in total will have witnessed
    multiple rounds of Excessive Rainfall, particularly east TX,
    central and northern LA, and into western MS in lead up to Day 4.
    The 12Z ECMWF EFI showed a notable overlap of >0.7 signals from
    southwest LA on east into central MS, including at least a 2
    contour on the Shift of Tails. In collaboration with several WFOs
    along the central Gulf Coast and the Lower MS Valley, a Moderate
    Risk was issued to account for the concerns of additional Excessive
    Rainfall over areas that will likely be dealing with ongoing flash
    flooding in the days leading up to Thursday. It is worth noting
    that the same axis of anomalous moisture in the South will stream
    north into the TN/OH Valleys. These areas will have the benefit of
    strong synoptic-scale forcing to produce widespread thunderstorms.
    A Slight Risk stretches as far north as southwest PA to account for
    flash flooding in these more flash flood prone areas.

    Day 5 will see a weak 500mb trough axis over central TX tap into
    lingering tropical moisture along the Gulf Coast. Lower pressures
    over the Rio grande and persistent high pressure east of the
    Bahamas will maintain the seemingly endless moisture tap emanating
    out of the Bay of Campeche. Moisture out ahead of the upper trough
    will also collide with a frontal boundary that will extend across
    much of the South. The future of the upper-level feature that
    originated over South TX early in the week may also still play a
    key role in Excessive Rainfall, especially from southern LA on
    east into northern GA. Accounting for various ensemble guidance
    tonight, there is a sufficient signal for Excessive Rainfall in
    areas across the South that received copious amounts of rainfall
    the first four days of the work-week to be concerned for more
    scattered instance of flash flooding that could be locally
    significant. A Slight Risk was issued from the Lower Rio Grande
    Valley to as far east as the Appalachians of northern GA.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-gvGPV57LIOft7_7gUgFz9OBH0P2CQVNl-si89h0BgJf= i0RGel1aQHkmh4RYL-TvVhPFZTkmn45RigxHfIWj7BubehQ$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-gvGPV57LIOft7_7gUgFz9OBH0P2CQVNl-si89h0BgJf= i0RGel1aQHkmh4RYL-TvVhPFZTkmn45RigxHfIWj05duPCU$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-gvGPV57LIOft7_7gUgFz9OBH0P2CQVNl-si89h0BgJf= i0RGel1aQHkmh4RYL-TvVhPFZTkmn45RigxHfIWjqGVhjr4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 15, 2026 15:58:19
    FOUS30 KWBC 151558
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1158 AM EDT Mon Jun 15 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE
    TEXAS GULF COAST AND SOUTHEAST TEXAS AS WELL AS FOR A PORTION OF CENTRAL-SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA AND INTO WEST-CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

    16Z Update...

    Changes to the previous day 1 outlook include some expansion of
    the MDT risk over eastern TX and LA. This bridges the gap between
    the two previous MDT risks and matches current radar and satellite
    trends, along with the 12Z CAM suite of guidance. See MPDs 0417,
    0418, and 0419 for more information. PWs were analyzed to be
    extremely high and above 2.2-2.5" this morning along the western
    Gulf Coast, CRP sounding analysis had 2.54" PWAT at 12z and would
    be a max for the date. 12Z HREF and REFS neighborhood probs for
    total rainfall amounts through 12Z Tuesday exceeding 8" are
    concerningly high (10-50%) over a vast region between South Texas
    and central LA to west- central MS along the I-20 corridor. This
    remains consistent with previous forecasts. The best chances for
    maximum local amounts to near or even exceed 10" appears in South
    Texas and along coastal regions towards Matagorda Bay by Tuesday
    morning as a slow- moving axis of heavy rain develops again late
    overnight while meandering along the coast. This area east of a
    developing mid- level low over South TX is expected to remain a
    focus as increased southerly flow overruns the front/surface trough
    draped inland from the Gulf Coast through Tuesday. Showers and
    thunderstorms continue to produce rates above 2"/hr and could even
    reach up to extremely intense rates of 4"/hr. These rates can
    quickly overwhelm ground water infrastructure and lead to numerous
    instances of flash flooding. Some significant impacts are possible.

    Snell

    Previous Discussion...

    ...Texas Gulf Coast and South Texas...
    A very impressive setup for flash flooding will begin to unfold
    along the Gulf Coast of Texas today, and will continue into future
    days. The impressive ingredient is the sheer amount of moisture
    that will be advecting north into south Texas and the Gulf coast
    over the next few days in advance of a potent upper level low.
    PWATs advecting into deep south Texas are likely to broach close to
    record territory today, as they climb to as high as 2.75 inches.
    This is a function of well above normal sea-surface temperatures in
    the Gulf adding low-level moisture, and preexisting upper level
    moisture from Cristina. The combination of these could fully
    saturate the atmosphere up to the tropopause, with melting layers
    as high as 17,000 ft. As the aforementioned upper level
    disturbance approaches and lee cyclogenesis begins east of the
    Mexico mountains tonight, expect multiple rounds of storms across
    Deep South Texas to impact the area. A westward moving band may
    start off around peak heating this afternoon, then as the
    disturbance approaches tonight, a nearly stationary or slowly
    eastward moving band is expected to develop overnight tonight which
    will persist for much of the night as competing forcings create an
    area of low level convergence over Deep South Texas. There is some
    uncertainty as to where this convergence sets up, but it appears
    it's most likely closer to the Rio Grande Valley on the western
    side of Deep South Texas. Given the incredible moisture available
    for the storms, localized cells could produce rainfall rates as
    high as 5 inches per hour, with 3 inch/hour rates common. Despite
    dry soils going in, these incredible rain rates will easily
    overwhelm the areas experiencing them, resulting in widespread and
    locally catastrophic flash flooding, especially in any towns or
    cities that experience an extended duration of rainfall rates of
    that magnitude.

    Further north, the north-south oriented bands over Deep South Texas
    will impact a strong but slow-moving cold front drifting
    southeastward towards the Texas Gulf Coast. This will funnel the
    prodigious moisture northeastward paralleling the coast. The storms
    will follow, resulting in training. As in Deep South Texas, despite
    slightly, and I mean only slightly lower PWATs, rainfall rates to 3
    in/hr will be common with localized rates to 5 inches/hour here as
    well. FFGs are significantly lower from Corpus Christi northeast to
    Houston as compared with further south down the coast, thus, these
    prodigious rainfall rates will have no trouble exceeding FFGs.
    Frictional convergence of the onshore flow and the front will make
    for nearly stationary bands of storms along much of the middle
    Texas Coast. Thus, expect storm total rainfall amounts today easily
    exceeding 3 inches, but localized amounts will be much higher,
    perhaps approaching 8 inches, as noted by the HREF probabilities.
    With some uncertainty as to how prolific the storm total rainfall
    amounts will be, the Moderate Risk may need to continue to be
    upgraded in the hardest hit areas through the day, especially if
    those include urban areas from Brownsville through Houston.

    ...West-Central Mississippi...
    The same incredible moisture plume as over Texas is already in
    place across all of Louisiana and southern Mississippi this
    morning. The same front as in Texas will be even stronger to the
    east in Louisiana and Mississippi. Thus, with southwesterly LLJ
    flow into this front, expect numerous thunderstorms to develop
    across northern Louisiana and west-central Mississippi by midday
    today. The storms will run into a "wall" that is the cold front,
    forcing them to turn eastward, resulting in a well-defined line of
    storms along the frontal interface. It appears this is most likely
    to occur along the I-20 corridor. The heaviest rains will occur
    from midday through sunset, after which there may be a break before
    more scattered convection redevelops in the early morning hours of
    Tuesday. Multiple inch per hour rates are likely with these storms
    as well due to the deep moisture with PWATs at record territory
    between 2.25 and 2.5 inches. Portions of western Mississippi have
    been recently hard hit with heavy rains, resulting in wet soils,
    and the Jackson area due to urban concerns is also vulnerable to
    flash flooding due to heavy rainfall. In coordination with the
    JAN/Jackson, MS forecast office, a Moderate Risk upgrade has been
    introduced. While soils are less supportive of flooding further
    west into northern Louisiana, persistent multiple inch/hour rates
    along the I-20 corridor could result in an expansion of the
    Moderate Risk with future updates.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE ARE MODERATE RISKS OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE ENTIRE
    TEXAS GULF COAST AS WELL AS FOR WEST-CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

    ...Texas Gulf Coast...

    A plume of incredibly deep tropical moisture over the entire Texas
    Gulf Coast will be in place at the start of the period Tuesday
    morning. Ongoing lee cyclogenesis in advance of a strong upper
    level disturbance will support continuous numerous showers and
    thunderstorms in the onshore flow up the western coast of the Gulf
    and into the Texas Gulf Coast. This disturbance will further
    increase the amount of moisture available for the storms, as PWATs
    rise to record territory in some areas, possibly exceeding 2.75
    inches. Any and all storms that continue to develop ahead of the
    low will be capable of multiple inch/hour rainfall rates, despite
    the reduced instability in the early morning. When added to
    Monday's rains, flash flooding is likely to continue all along the
    Texas Gulf Coast until the low itself, which will track
    northeastward roughly parallel to the coast passes a given
    longitude, switching the wind direction from onshore southward to
    offshore northwestward. Since the low will be barely moving, a
    steady onshore flow across the middle and upper Texas Gulf Coasts
    will continue to favor training storms impacting coastal areas,
    with the Houston Metro remaining particularly vulnerable. Meanwhile
    for the lower Texas coast, once the low moves offshore, the
    northwesterly flow will dramatically decrease storm coverage and
    intensity, though not completely shut it off due to the deep
    moisture still in place even behind the low, with the front lagging
    behind along the Rio Grande.

    There is considerable uncertainty as to the northern and western
    extent of the rainfall threat on Tuesday. The cold front bringing
    much drier air will continue its progress south and east across
    South Texas, so the threat will end from west to east during the
    day. Meanwhile extensive cloud cover should limit instability well
    away from the coast. Thus, the storms will have a progressively
    narrowing portion of the Texas Gulf Coast that they will be able to
    impact. Regardless, heavy rain will continue to impact the Lower
    Texas Coast from the D1 period into Tuesday morning, and the heavy
    rains will continue further up the coast throughout the period.
    This supports a continuation of the Moderate Risk into the
    southwest corner of Louisiana.

    ...West Central Mississippi...

    Heavy rains across western Mississippi are likely to redevelop in
    the same area along the I-20 corridor during peak heating Tuesday
    afternoon, and perhaps in some areas never completely stop Tuesday
    morning from any overnight rainfall. The front driving the heaviest
    rainfall with the strongest storms will be completely stationary
    over Mississippi, whereas in Louisiana and points west, it will
    continue painfully slow south and eastward progress. Thus, when
    storms refire Tuesday afternoon, they will be over many of the same
    hard hit areas of central Mississippi as on Monday. Further east,
    on Monday the storms will align east-southeastward from western
    Mississippi to northern Florida. By Tuesday however, northward
    progress of the front as a warm front will allow the heaviest
    rains to impact further north into Alabama and Georgia. Despite a
    lack of rain on Monday, the still wet soils across central Alabama
    towards Birmingham and Montgomery may require an eastward
    extension of the Moderate Risk area into central Alabama.
    Regardless it appears western Mississippi will still be the area
    that gets the most rain, especially over the combined 2 day period.
    Rains in west central Mississippi should diminish with loss of
    daytime heating Tuesday night with lingering storms pressing
    southeastward toward southern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle
    Tuesday night.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE UPPER
    TEXAS GULF COAST INTO SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    ...Upper Texas Gulf Coast into Southwest Louisiana...

    A potent upper level disturbance which includes some of the upper
    level remnants of former East Pacific tropical storm Cristina will
    interact with an incredibly deep moisture plume over the western
    Gulf to continue a multiple day heavy rainfall event over a small
    portion of the upper Texas Gulf Coast on Wednesday. The disturbance
    itself will make better forward progress during the period, moving
    from off South Padre Island at the start of the period into western
    Louisiana by Thursday morning. Immediately in advance of the center
    of this low, heavy rains will continue into the upper Texas Gulf
    coast and the Houston metro from the D2/Tuesday period. The axis of
    heaviest rainfall through the day is likely to be directed east of
    Houston, along the Texas/Louisiana border near Beaumont. Thus, this
    area is likely to see the worst impacts from flash flooding overall
    through the day. The strongest storms will become increasingly tied
    to the movement of the surface low and attendant upper level
    shortwave, as the front that plagued much of Texas will follow
    behind the low, clearing much of the rest of the state from heavy
    rains for a brief time. Across the South, the front that was
    stalled from central Mississippi through Georgia the past few days
    will dissipate entirely in advance of the next strong cold front.
    tracking across the Midwest.

    There remains considerable uncertainty as to how fast the low will
    track up the Texas Gulf Coast towards the lower Mississippi Valley.
    A faster progression may require a northeastward expansion of the
    Slight to cover more of central Louisiana, and if even a bit faster
    still, would re-impact western Mississippi late Wednesday night,
    requiring a significant upgrade from the current blank ERO for that
    area. Thus, significant changes are probable with future updates.

    Since the upper Texas Coast area will have been hard hit on 2
    consecutive days prior to Wednesday, the Moderate Risk continuation
    into Wednesday was needed due to likely ongoing heavy rains through
    the period. While there's better certainty into southwest Louisiana
    for Moderate Risk level heavy rains, the Houston Metro was included
    in coordination with HGX/Houston, TX forecast office due to
    uncertainty largely on Wednesday morning as to how far west the
    heavy rain shield will extend at that time.

    ...Midwest...

    A potent area of low pressure over the Plains at the start of the
    period will progress east across the Midwest at a rather fast clip
    through the day on Wednesday. As the low moves into the mid-
    Mississippi Valley, it will increasingly tap into the large
    moisture plume present across much of the Southeast. The low will
    create its own moisture feed allowing the moisture to rapidly
    advect into the Midwest ahead of the low. The area from northern
    Illinois into Indiana has also been hard hit by periodic rounds of
    heavy rain in recent days, allowing for moist soils and high river
    levels to remain. Light rains at times are expected in the area
    Tuesday afternoon and evening, but due to lack of moisture, no
    significant flash flooding concerns are expected then. By Day
    3/Wednesday however, the tap into the Gulf moisture will change all
    that. Numerous showers and thunderstorms will develop along the
    cold front ahead of the low as PWATs rise well above 1.5 inches,
    reaching as high as 2 inches at times. This will support storms
    capable of 1-3 inch per hour rainfall rates Wednesday afternoon
    through the overnight. The storms will be very fast moving, which
    will reduce the flooding threat, but the aforementioned moist
    soils, urban concerns, and increasing availability of deep moisture
    will all support the potential for widely scattered instances of
    flash flooding.

    Expect a warm front to move across the area around midday to early
    afternoon, then a strong cold front to move through late afternoon
    through the evening, which may consist of one or 2 lines of storms.
    These lines of storms in rapid succession could support training-
    like effects as far as flash flooding potential. Given the very
    favorable hydrology for flash flooding, it's possible targeted
    Moderate Risk upgrades may be needed for portions of the area,
    particularly northern Illinois into northern Indiana, where a
    higher-end Slight is in effect.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR
    PORTIONS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY & CENTRAL GULF COAST ON
    DAY 4...

    Attention is on the multi-day Excessive Rainfall threat in the
    Deep South where an abundance of tropical moisture will engulf
    areas from southeast TX to as far east as GA. There are notable
    timing differences across guidance on the placement of the heaviest
    rainfall, and this will come down in large part to the development
    of the low-level disturbance in the western Gulf. Both its
    development and track will likely be troublesome for guidance to
    key in on for another 24-36 hours until the circulation is formed
    over South TX. That said, the region in total will have witnessed
    multiple rounds of Excessive Rainfall, particularly east TX,
    central and northern LA, and into western MS in lead up to Day 4.
    The 12Z ECMWF EFI showed a notable overlap of >0.7 signals from
    southwest LA on east into central MS, including at least a 2
    contour on the Shift of Tails. In collaboration with several WFOs
    along the central Gulf Coast and the Lower MS Valley, a Moderate
    Risk was issued to account for the concerns of additional Excessive
    Rainfall over areas that will likely be dealing with ongoing flash
    flooding in the days leading up to Thursday. It is worth noting
    that the same axis of anomalous moisture in the South will stream
    north into the TN/OH Valleys. These areas will have the benefit of
    strong synoptic-scale forcing to produce widespread thunderstorms.
    A Slight Risk stretches as far north as southwest PA to account for
    flash flooding in these more flash flood prone areas.

    Day 5 will see a weak 500mb trough axis over central TX tap into
    lingering tropical moisture along the Gulf Coast. Lower pressures
    over the Rio grande and persistent high pressure east of the
    Bahamas will maintain the seemingly endless moisture tap emanating
    out of the Bay of Campeche. Moisture out ahead of the upper trough
    will also collide with a frontal boundary that will extend across
    much of the South. The future of the upper-level feature that
    originated over South TX early in the week may also still play a
    key role in Excessive Rainfall, especially from southern LA on
    east into northern GA. Accounting for various ensemble guidance
    tonight, there is a sufficient signal for Excessive Rainfall in
    areas across the South that received copious amounts of rainfall
    the first four days of the work-week to be concerned for more
    scattered instance of flash flooding that could be locally
    significant. A Slight Risk was issued from the Lower Rio Grande
    Valley to as far east as the Appalachians of northern GA.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-mGxPHCUiAiEy39IETJRk25lnku2T5f1vRsLwsu8hFsw= owzRnF2GWNgSrvrTMeC0-zArbpsaYKVITimOgjLCG0T82Qk$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-mGxPHCUiAiEy39IETJRk25lnku2T5f1vRsLwsu8hFsw= owzRnF2GWNgSrvrTMeC0-zArbpsaYKVITimOgjLCP668U1A$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-mGxPHCUiAiEy39IETJRk25lnku2T5f1vRsLwsu8hFsw= owzRnF2GWNgSrvrTMeC0-zArbpsaYKVITimOgjLCMmvbgJo$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 15, 2026 19:24:44
    FOUS30 KWBC 151924
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    324 PM EDT Mon Jun 15 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Mon Jun 15 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE
    TEXAS GULF COAST AND SOUTHEAST TEXAS AS WELL AS FOR A PORTION OF CENTRAL-SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA AND INTO WEST-CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

    16Z Update...

    Changes to the previous day 1 outlook include some expansion of
    the MDT risk over eastern TX and LA. This bridges the gap between
    the two previous MDT risks and matches current radar and satellite
    trends, along with the 12Z CAM suite of guidance. See MPDs 0417,
    0418, and 0419 for more information. PWs were analyzed to be
    extremely high and above 2.2-2.5" this morning along the western
    Gulf Coast, CRP sounding analysis had 2.54" PWAT at 12z and would
    be a max for the date. 12Z HREF and REFS neighborhood probs for
    total rainfall amounts through 12Z Tuesday exceeding 8" are
    concerningly high (10-50%) over a vast region between South Texas
    and central LA to west- central MS along the I-20 corridor. This
    remains consistent with previous forecasts. The best chances for
    maximum local amounts to near or even exceed 10" appears in South
    Texas and along coastal regions towards Matagorda Bay by Tuesday
    morning as a slow- moving axis of heavy rain develops again late
    overnight while meandering along the coast. This area east of a
    developing mid- level low over South TX is expected to remain a
    focus as increased southerly flow overruns the front/surface trough
    draped inland from the Gulf Coast through Tuesday. Showers and
    thunderstorms continue to produce rates above 2"/hr and could even
    reach up to extremely intense rates of 4"/hr. These rates can
    quickly overwhelm ground water infrastructure and lead to numerous
    instances of flash flooding. Some significant impacts are possible.

    Snell

    Previous Discussion...

    ...Texas Gulf Coast and South Texas...

    A very impressive setup for flash flooding will begin to unfold
    along the Gulf Coast of Texas today, and will continue into future
    days. The impressive ingredient is the sheer amount of moisture
    that will be advecting north into south Texas and the Gulf coast
    over the next few days in advance of a potent upper level low.
    PWATs advecting into deep south Texas are likely to broach close to
    record territory today, as they climb to as high as 2.75 inches.
    This is a function of well above normal sea-surface temperatures in
    the Gulf adding low-level moisture, and preexisting upper level
    moisture from Cristina. The combination of these could fully
    saturate the atmosphere up to the tropopause, with melting layers
    as high as 17,000 ft. As the aforementioned upper level
    disturbance approaches and lee cyclogenesis begins east of the
    Mexico mountains tonight, expect multiple rounds of storms across
    Deep South Texas to impact the area. A westward moving band may
    start off around peak heating this afternoon, then as the
    disturbance approaches tonight, a nearly stationary or slowly
    eastward moving band is expected to develop overnight tonight which
    will persist for much of the night as competing forcings create an
    area of low level convergence over Deep South Texas. There is some
    uncertainty as to where this convergence sets up, but it appears
    it's most likely closer to the Rio Grande Valley on the western
    side of Deep South Texas. Given the incredible moisture available
    for the storms, localized cells could produce rainfall rates as
    high as 5 inches per hour, with 3 inch/hour rates common. Despite
    dry soils going in, these incredible rain rates will easily
    overwhelm the areas experiencing them, resulting in widespread and
    locally catastrophic flash flooding, especially in any towns or
    cities that experience an extended duration of rainfall rates of
    that magnitude.

    Further north, the north-south oriented bands over Deep South Texas
    will impact a strong but slow-moving cold front drifting
    southeastward towards the Texas Gulf Coast. This will funnel the
    prodigious moisture northeastward paralleling the coast. The storms
    will follow, resulting in training. As in Deep South Texas, despite
    slightly, and I mean only slightly lower PWATs, rainfall rates to 3
    in/hr will be common with localized rates to 5 inches/hour here as
    well. FFGs are significantly lower from Corpus Christi northeast to
    Houston as compared with further south down the coast, thus, these
    prodigious rainfall rates will have no trouble exceeding FFGs.
    Frictional convergence of the onshore flow and the front will make
    for nearly stationary bands of storms along much of the middle
    Texas Coast. Thus, expect storm total rainfall amounts today easily
    exceeding 3 inches, but localized amounts will be much higher,
    perhaps approaching 8 inches, as noted by the HREF probabilities.
    With some uncertainty as to how prolific the storm total rainfall
    amounts will be, the Moderate Risk may need to continue to be
    upgraded in the hardest hit areas through the day, especially if
    those include urban areas from Brownsville through Houston.

    ...West-Central Mississippi...

    The same incredible moisture plume as over Texas is already in
    place across all of Louisiana and southern Mississippi this
    morning. The same front as in Texas will be even stronger to the
    east in Louisiana and Mississippi. Thus, with southwesterly LLJ
    flow into this front, expect numerous thunderstorms to develop
    across northern Louisiana and west-central Mississippi by midday
    today. The storms will run into a "wall" that is the cold front,
    forcing them to turn eastward, resulting in a well-defined line of
    storms along the frontal interface. It appears this is most likely
    to occur along the I-20 corridor. The heaviest rains will occur
    from midday through sunset, after which there may be a break before
    more scattered convection redevelops in the early morning hours of
    Tuesday. Multiple inch per hour rates are likely with these storms
    as well due to the deep moisture with PWATs at record territory
    between 2.25 and 2.5 inches. Portions of western Mississippi have
    been recently hard hit with heavy rains, resulting in wet soils,
    and the Jackson area due to urban concerns is also vulnerable to
    flash flooding due to heavy rainfall. In coordination with the
    JAN/Jackson, MS forecast office, a Moderate Risk upgrade has been
    introduced. While soils are less supportive of flooding further
    west into northern Louisiana, persistent multiple inch/hour rates
    along the I-20 corridor could result in an expansion of the
    Moderate Risk with future updates.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE ENTIRE
    TEXAS GULF COAST INTO SOUTHWEST/CENTRAL LOUISIANA AND CENTRAL
    MISSISSIPPI...

    ...Texas Gulf Coast...

    20Z Update...

    Today's update to the day 2 outlook included an expansion of the
    MDT risk through central LA into central MS, which matches the
    continuous plume of moisture and convergence axis extending
    northeast from the strengthening mid-level cyclone over South Texas
    early Tuesday. Expectations are for ongoing activity Tuesday
    morning across coastal TX to gradually shift offshore during the
    day, with lingering impacts crossing over from day 1. Some
    uncertainty remains regarding a more consolidated area of low
    pressure over the far northwest Gulf by Tuesday night and a
    developing feeder band to the east-northeast of this low. Most
    guidance keeps this highly efficient rain producing rain band
    offshore, but if it makes it any distance inland extreme rainfall
    and significant impacts for the TX Coast are possible.

    Snell

    Previous Discussion...

    A plume of incredibly deep tropical moisture over the entire Texas
    Gulf Coast will be in place at the start of the period Tuesday
    morning. Ongoing lee cyclogenesis in advance of a strong upper
    level disturbance will support continuous numerous showers and
    thunderstorms in the onshore flow up the western coast of the Gulf
    and into the Texas Gulf Coast. This disturbance will further
    increase the amount of moisture available for the storms, as PWATs
    rise to record territory in some areas, possibly exceeding 2.75
    inches. Any and all storms that continue to develop ahead of the
    low will be capable of multiple inch/hour rainfall rates, despite
    the reduced instability in the early morning. When added to
    Monday's rains, flash flooding is likely to continue all along the
    Texas Gulf Coast until the low itself, which will track
    northeastward roughly parallel to the coast passes a given
    longitude, switching the wind direction from onshore southward to
    offshore northwestward. Since the low will be barely moving, a
    steady onshore flow across the middle and upper Texas Gulf Coasts
    will continue to favor training storms impacting coastal areas,
    with the Houston Metro remaining particularly vulnerable. Meanwhile
    for the lower Texas coast, once the low moves offshore, the
    northwesterly flow will dramatically decrease storm coverage and
    intensity, though not completely shut it off due to the deep
    moisture still in place even behind the low, with the front lagging
    behind along the Rio Grande.

    There is considerable uncertainty as to the northern and western
    extent of the rainfall threat on Tuesday. The cold front bringing
    much drier air will continue its progress south and east across
    South Texas, so the threat will end from west to east during the
    day. Meanwhile extensive cloud cover should limit instability well
    away from the coast. Thus, the storms will have a progressively
    narrowing portion of the Texas Gulf Coast that they will be able to
    impact. Regardless, heavy rain will continue to impact the Lower
    Texas Coast from the D1 period into Tuesday morning, and the heavy
    rains will continue further up the coast throughout the period.
    This supports a continuation of the Moderate Risk into the
    southwest corner of Louisiana.

    Wegman

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley to Southeast...

    20Z Update...

    Much of the Lower Mississippi Valley and Southeast will remain in
    the favorable right-entrance region of a stout upper-level jet
    centered over the southern Appalachians. This will allow for ample
    moisture to flow northeastward out of the western Gulf and
    thunderstorms to focus along a lingering stationary front.
    Thunderstorms and widespread shower activity should start out well
    inland during the daytime and then shift to focus along the coast
    after sunset and overnight into Wednesday morning. The 12Z HREF and
    REFS highlight coastal MS, AL, and the FL Panhandle as having
    30-60% chances for 3" in 6 hours.

    Snell

    Previous Discussion...

    Heavy rains across western Mississippi are likely to redevelop in
    the same area along the I-20 corridor during peak heating Tuesday
    afternoon, and perhaps in some areas never completely stop Tuesday
    morning from any overnight rainfall. The front driving the heaviest
    rainfall with the strongest storms will be completely stationary
    over Mississippi, whereas in Louisiana and points west, it will
    continue painfully slow south and eastward progress. Thus, when
    storms refire Tuesday afternoon, they will be over many of the same
    hard hit areas of central Mississippi as on Monday. Further east,
    on Monday the storms will align east-southeastward from western
    Mississippi to northern Florida. By Tuesday however, northward
    progress of the front as a warm front will allow the heaviest
    rains to impact further north into Alabama and Georgia. Despite a
    lack of rain on Monday, the still wet soils across central Alabama
    towards Birmingham and Montgomery may require an eastward
    extension of the Moderate Risk area into central Alabama.
    Regardless it appears western Mississippi will still be the area
    that gets the most rain, especially over the combined 2 day period.
    Rains in west central Mississippi should diminish with loss of
    daytime heating Tuesday night with lingering storms pressing
    southeastward toward southern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle
    Tuesday night.

    Wegman

    ...Southeast Florida...

    Added a MRGL risk for the urban corridor of southeast FL for
    Tuesday. PWs remain around 1.7-2.0" and the overall pattern remains
    similar to previous days as an upper ridge axis remains near and to
    the south of the region. This likely leads to a diurnal cycle of
    thunderstorms developing along a weak axis of convergence along the
    coast, with these storms slow to move and eventually weaken before
    sunset. Given the overlap of these storms, the potential for 2"/hr
    rates, and the highly sensitive urban corridor of southeast FL a
    MRGL risk was introduced for this time period.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE UPPER
    TEXAS GULF COAST INTO SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    ...Upper Texas Gulf Coast into Southwest Louisiana...

    A potent upper level disturbance with an incredibly deep moisture
    plume over the western Gulf to continue a multiple day heavy
    rainfall event over a small portion of the upper Texas Gulf Coast
    on Wednesday. The disturbance itself will make better forward
    progress during the period, moving from off South Padre Island at
    the start of the period towards the central/western Louisiana
    coastline by Thursday morning. Immediately in advance of the
    center of this low, heavy rains will continue into the upper Texas
    Gulf coast from the D2/Tuesday period. The axis of heaviest
    rainfall through the day is likely to be directed east of Houston,
    along the Texas/Louisiana border near Beaumont. Thus, this area is
    likely to see the worst impacts from flash flooding overall through
    the day. The strongest storms will become increasingly tied to the
    movement of the surface low and attendant upper level shortwave,
    as the front that plagued much of Texas will follow behind the low,
    clearing much of the rest of the state from heavy rains for a
    brief time. Across the South, the front that was stalled from
    central Mississippi through Georgia the past few days will
    dissipate entirely in advance of the next strong cold front.
    tracking across the Midwest.

    Uncertainty remains with the speed and therefore eventual eastward
    progression of this are of low pressure, which impacts where
    confidence exists in flash flood impacts by Wednesday. Guidance
    today has trended faster and east, which prompted the expansion of
    the MDT and SLGT risk areas across LA. More changes are likely as
    guidance comes into better agreement on the location and speed of
    this system.

    Since the upper Texas Coast area will have been hard hit on 2
    consecutive days prior to Wednesday, the Moderate Risk continuation
    into Wednesday was needed due to likely ongoing heavy rains through
    the period. While there's better certainty into southwest Louisiana
    for Moderate Risk level heavy rains, the Houston Metro was included
    in coordination with HGX/Houston, TX forecast office due to
    uncertainty largely on Wednesday morning as to how far west the
    heavy rain shield will extend at that time. If guidance continues
    to hedge eastward the risk level could be lowered for southeast TX
    on Day 3.

    Wegman/Snell

    ...Midwest...

    20Z Update...

    Only change to this outlook area with to shrink the MRGL and SLGT
    on the northern section of the area where instability will be
    limited across central WI and the northern L.P. of MI.
    Otherwise, the forecast for scattered flash flooding appears to
    remain consistent with latest model guidance.

    Snell

    Previous Discussion...

    A potent area of low pressure over the Plains at the start of the
    period will progress east across the Midwest at a rather fast clip
    through the day on Wednesday. As the low moves into the mid-
    Mississippi Valley, it will increasingly tap into the large
    moisture plume present across much of the Southeast. The low will
    create its own moisture feed allowing the moisture to rapidly
    advect into the Midwest ahead of the low. The area from northern
    Illinois into Indiana has also been hard hit by periodic rounds of
    heavy rain in recent days, allowing for moist soils and high river
    levels to remain. Light rains at times are expected in the area
    Tuesday afternoon and evening, but due to lack of moisture, no
    significant flash flooding concerns are expected then. By Day
    3/Wednesday however, the tap into the Gulf moisture will change all
    that. Numerous showers and thunderstorms will develop along the
    cold front ahead of the low as PWATs rise well above 1.5 inches,
    reaching as high as 2 inches at times. This will support storms
    capable of 1-3 inch per hour rainfall rates Wednesday afternoon
    through the overnight. The storms will be very fast moving, which
    will reduce the flooding threat, but the aforementioned moist
    soils, urban concerns, and increasing availability of deep moisture
    will all support the potential for widely scattered instances of
    flash flooding.

    Expect a warm front to move across the area around midday to early
    afternoon, then a strong cold front to move through late afternoon
    through the evening, which may consist of one or 2 lines of storms.
    These lines of storms in rapid succession could support training-
    like effects as far as flash flooding potential. Given the very
    favorable hydrology for flash flooding, it's possible targeted
    Moderate Risk upgrades may be needed for portions of the area,
    particularly northern Illinois into northern Indiana, where a
    higher-end Slight is in effect.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026
    ...THERE IS A MODERATE SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR
    PORTIONS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY & CENTRAL GULF COAST ON
    DAY 4...

    20Z Update: The main changes for the D4 period were the expansion
    of the risk areas, including the MDT risk, further eastward to
    account for the trends in being slightly faster with the PWAT surge
    and mid-level vorticity ejection. This was noted within the global
    ensemble means and correlated with a slight uptick in the pQPF
    probs for the 1/2/3 inch thresholds. Maxima within the probs was
    noted across south-central MS, expanding east to right around
    western AL. Highest confidence given probability consensus was
    across southern MS, so decided to align the MDT over the region
    encompassing much of the Jackson, MS CWA bounds. The SLGT risk was
    also expanded further east and north to account for the anomalous
    PWAT advection regime anticipated by mid-week and beyond. The
    expansion was to target the southern Appalachian front with
    emphasis on northern GA into the escarpment of SC and western NC.
    We'll be monitoring the trends closely as a further east push would
    indicate a further expansion of the risks to the east, including
    more of the I-20 corridor where Birmingham, AL and even
    potentially Atlanta, GA becoming in play for a higher risk. In any
    case, it's certainly the period to watch in the medium range for
    enhanced impacts.

    D5 is when we hit the back end of the more appreciable rainfall
    prospects, however lingering deep layer moisture of tropical origin
    will still allow for efficient warm rain processes and the ability
    for continued heavy rainfall through a good portion of the
    Southeastern U.S. up into the Southern Appalachians. The main
    change was an expansion of the SLGT risk further north through the
    southern Appalachians with a northern advancement into southwestern
    VA. There's some discrepancy on the eastward extent of the
    heaviest precipitation, however there was enough consensus to bring
    the SLGT north in the terrain and maintain the high-end SLGT
    posture across the Central Gulf coast into interior AL/MS.

    Kleebauer

    ..Previous Discussion..

    Attention is on the multi-day Excessive Rainfall threat in the
    Deep South where an abundance of tropical moisture will engulf
    areas from southeast TX to as far east as GA. There are notable
    timing differences across guidance on the placement of the heaviest
    rainfall, and this will come down in large part to the development
    of the low-level disturbance in the western Gulf. Both its
    development and track will likely be troublesome for guidance to
    key in on for another 24-36 hours until the circulation is formed
    over South TX. That said, the region in total will have witnessed
    multiple rounds of Excessive Rainfall, particularly east TX,
    central and northern LA, and into western MS in lead up to Day 4.
    The 12Z ECMWF EFI showed a notable overlap of >0.7 signals from
    southwest LA on east into central MS, including at least a 2
    contour on the Shift of Tails. In collaboration with several WFOs
    along the central Gulf Coast and the Lower MS Valley, a Moderate
    Risk was issued to account for the concerns of additional Excessive
    Rainfall over areas that will likely be dealing with ongoing flash
    flooding in the days leading up to Thursday. It is worth noting
    that the same axis of anomalous moisture in the South will stream
    north into the TN/OH Valleys. These areas will have the benefit of
    strong synoptic-scale forcing to produce widespread thunderstorms.
    A Slight Risk stretches as far north as southwest PA to account for
    flash flooding in these more flash flood prone areas.

    Day 5 will see a weak 500mb trough axis over central TX tap into
    lingering tropical moisture along the Gulf Coast. Lower pressures
    over the Rio grande and persistent high pressure east of the
    Bahamas will maintain the seemingly endless moisture tap emanating
    out of the Bay of Campeche. Moisture out ahead of the upper trough
    will also collide with a frontal boundary that will extend across
    much of the South. The future of the upper-level feature that
    originated over South TX early in the week may also still play a
    key role in Excessive Rainfall, especially from southern LA on
    east into northern GA. Accounting for various ensemble guidance
    tonight, there is a sufficient signal for Excessive Rainfall in
    areas across the South that received copious amounts of rainfall
    the first four days of the work-week to be concerned for more
    scattered instance of flash flooding that could be locally
    significant. A Slight Risk was issued from the Lower Rio Grande
    Valley to as far east as the Appalachians of northern GA.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8NBsLH2FQt75xA46yzxeKQR93HjEGDedLToSzIoM6aCG= kQFdIEWarBJRy-SLzXl1PqUGguKPQpMyyCzZ9qkoY6uQZXI$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8NBsLH2FQt75xA46yzxeKQR93HjEGDedLToSzIoM6aCG= kQFdIEWarBJRy-SLzXl1PqUGguKPQpMyyCzZ9qkoYjZJ9sU$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8NBsLH2FQt75xA46yzxeKQR93HjEGDedLToSzIoM6aCG= kQFdIEWarBJRy-SLzXl1PqUGguKPQpMyyCzZ9qkoGpq3rBs$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 16, 2026 00:21:35
    FOUS30 KWBC 160021
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    821 PM EDT Mon Jun 15 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE
    TEXAS GULF COAST AND SOUTHEAST TEXAS AS WELL AS FOR A PORTION OF CENTRAL-SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA AND INTO WEST-CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

    01Z Update: Significant rainfall remains the forecast this evening
    into early Tuesday morning across southern and eastern TX into the
    Central Gulf coast region with an alignment of heavy rainfall
    positioned near a quasi-stationary boundary analyzed along I-20 in
    LA/MS. Surface low situated south of the lower RGV is aiding in
    regional low-level convergence and surge of PWATs between 2.2-2.7
    up through all of southern and eastern TX with some indications of
    PWATs approaching 2.8-3.0" based on the latest RAP analysis. 18z
    HREF and recent HRRR/RRFS runs continue to benefit the current MDT
    risk initiated across the aforementioned areas with probs in the
    ensembles really pinning a region of 2-5" of rainfall as an areal
    average from the lower RGV up through the TX coastal plain,
    extending north into LA/MS. Environmental conditions will be ripe
    for rainfall rates to breach 2"/hr with 3-4"/hr rates not out of
    the question as warm rain processes will be prevalent across the
    affected area as WBZ heights are forecast between 14-16k ft, a
    textbook example of tropical airmass presence and sufficient deep
    layer moisture.

    Highest probabilities for flash flooding will be situated across
    Deep South TX within the proximity of a surface trough extending
    north of the low level center positioned south of the lower RGV.
    After 06z is when we'll see a slow push of the convergence zone and
    increasing rainfall threat for areas further north along the TX
    coast, eventually making headway into the Central Gulf coastal
    areas of LA. Quasi-stationary front to the north will act as an
    inflection point for available low-level ascent as the flow will
    eventually make its way north with a strengthening BL convergence
    signature popping up between 07-12z Tuesday morning. Hi-res has
    been insistent on a regeneration of cells across the I-10/20
    corridors and areas in-between putting areas within the upper TX
    coast to southwestern LA at play for significant rainfall the end
    of the period into the current D2. Rainfall will still be occurring
    over the Central Gulf prior, so the grounds will remain saturated
    with no reprieve in sight. Expect isolated flash flood prospects
    initially between 00-07z this evening with a potential for more
    scattered flash flood chances prior to sunrise.

    Considering all the above, the MDT was maintained with a greater
    than normal prospect for significant flash flooding over much of
    south TX and along the TX coastal plain into the I-10/20 corridors
    in LA into southwest MS.

    Lingering heavy rainfall across eastern FL will maintain a low-end
    flash flood prospect into the urban corridor before dwindling after
    02z. Maintained a MRGL risk to account for the continued activity
    over the area.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE ENTIRE
    TEXAS GULF COAST INTO SOUTHWEST/CENTRAL LOUISIANA AND CENTRAL
    MISSISSIPPI...

    ...Texas Gulf Coast...

    20Z Update...
    Today's update to the day 2 outlook included an expansion of the
    MDT risk through central LA into central MS, which matches the
    continuous plume of moisture and convergence axis extending
    northeast from the strengthening mid-level cyclone over South Texas
    early Tuesday. Expectations are for ongoing activity Tuesday
    morning across coastal TX to gradually shift offshore during the
    day, with lingering impacts crossing over from day 1. Some
    uncertainty remains regarding a more consolidated area of low
    pressure over the far northwest Gulf by Tuesday night and a
    developing feeder band to the east-northeast of this low. Most
    guidance keeps this highly efficient rain producing rain band
    offshore, but if it makes it any distance inland extreme rainfall
    and significant impacts for the TX Coast are possible.

    Snell

    Previous Discussion...
    A plume of incredibly deep tropical moisture over the entire Texas
    Gulf Coast will be in place at the start of the period Tuesday
    morning. Ongoing lee cyclogenesis in advance of a strong upper
    level disturbance will support continuous numerous showers and
    thunderstorms in the onshore flow up the western coast of the Gulf
    and into the Texas Gulf Coast. This disturbance will further
    increase the amount of moisture available for the storms, as PWATs
    rise to record territory in some areas, possibly exceeding 2.75
    inches. Any and all storms that continue to develop ahead of the
    low will be capable of multiple inch/hour rainfall rates, despite
    the reduced instability in the early morning. When added to
    Monday's rains, flash flooding is likely to continue all along the
    Texas Gulf Coast until the low itself, which will track
    northeastward roughly parallel to the coast passes a given
    longitude, switching the wind direction from onshore southward to
    offshore northwestward. Since the low will be barely moving, a
    steady onshore flow across the middle and upper Texas Gulf Coasts
    will continue to favor training storms impacting coastal areas,
    with the Houston Metro remaining particularly vulnerable. Meanwhile
    for the lower Texas coast, once the low moves offshore, the
    northwesterly flow will dramatically decrease storm coverage and
    intensity, though not completely shut it off due to the deep
    moisture still in place even behind the low, with the front lagging
    behind along the Rio Grande.

    There is considerable uncertainty as to the northern and western
    extent of the rainfall threat on Tuesday. The cold front bringing
    much drier air will continue its progress south and east across
    South Texas, so the threat will end from west to east during the
    day. Meanwhile extensive cloud cover should limit instability well
    away from the coast. Thus, the storms will have a progressively
    narrowing portion of the Texas Gulf Coast that they will be able to
    impact. Regardless, heavy rain will continue to impact the Lower
    Texas Coast from the D1 period into Tuesday morning, and the heavy
    rains will continue further up the coast throughout the period.
    This supports a continuation of the Moderate Risk into the
    southwest corner of Louisiana.

    Wegman

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley to Southeast...

    20Z Update...
    Much of the Lower Mississippi Valley and Southeast will remain in
    the favorable right-entrance region of a stout upper-level jet
    centered over the southern Appalachians. This will allow for ample
    moisture to flow northeastward out of the western Gulf and
    thunderstorms to focus along a lingering stationary front.
    Thunderstorms and widespread shower activity should start out well
    inland during the daytime and then shift to focus along the coast
    after sunset and overnight into Wednesday morning. The 12Z HREF and
    REFS highlight coastal MS, AL, and the FL Panhandle as having
    30-60% chances for 3" in 6 hours.

    Snell

    Previous Discussion...
    Heavy rains across western Mississippi are likely to redevelop in
    the same area along the I-20 corridor during peak heating Tuesday
    afternoon, and perhaps in some areas never completely stop Tuesday
    morning from any overnight rainfall. The front driving the heaviest
    rainfall with the strongest storms will be completely stationary
    over Mississippi, whereas in Louisiana and points west, it will
    continue painfully slow south and eastward progress. Thus, when
    storms refire Tuesday afternoon, they will be over many of the same
    hard hit areas of central Mississippi as on Monday. Further east,
    on Monday the storms will align east-southeastward from western
    Mississippi to northern Florida. By Tuesday however, northward
    progress of the front as a warm front will allow the heaviest
    rains to impact further north into Alabama and Georgia. Despite a
    lack of rain on Monday, the still wet soils across central Alabama
    towards Birmingham and Montgomery may require an eastward
    extension of the Moderate Risk area into central Alabama.
    Regardless it appears western Mississippi will still be the area
    that gets the most rain, especially over the combined 2 day period.
    Rains in west central Mississippi should diminish with loss of
    daytime heating Tuesday night with lingering storms pressing
    southeastward toward southern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle
    Tuesday night.

    Wegman

    ...Southeast Florida...

    Added a MRGL risk for the urban corridor of southeast FL for
    Tuesday. PWs remain around 1.7-2.0" and the overall pattern remains
    similar to previous days as an upper ridge axis remains near and to
    the south of the region. This likely leads to a diurnal cycle of
    thunderstorms developing along a weak axis of convergence along the
    coast, with these storms slow to move and eventually weaken before
    sunset. Given the overlap of these storms, the potential for 2"/hr
    rates, and the highly sensitive urban corridor of southeast FL a
    MRGL risk was introduced for this time period.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE UPPER
    TEXAS GULF COAST INTO SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    ...Upper Texas Gulf Coast into Southwest Louisiana...

    A potent upper level disturbance with an incredibly deep moisture
    plume over the western Gulf to continue a multiple day heavy
    rainfall event over a small portion of the upper Texas Gulf Coast
    on Wednesday. The disturbance itself will make better forward
    progress during the period, moving from off South Padre Island at
    the start of the period towards the central/western Louisiana
    coastline by Thursday morning. Immediately in advance of the
    center of this low, heavy rains will continue into the upper Texas
    Gulf coast from the D2/Tuesday period. The axis of heaviest
    rainfall through the day is likely to be directed east of Houston,
    along the Texas/Louisiana border near Beaumont. Thus, this area is
    likely to see the worst impacts from flash flooding overall through
    the day. The strongest storms will become increasingly tied to the
    movement of the surface low and attendant upper level shortwave,
    as the front that plagued much of Texas will follow behind the low,
    clearing much of the rest of the state from heavy rains for a
    brief time. Across the South, the front that was stalled from
    central Mississippi through Georgia the past few days will
    dissipate entirely in advance of the next strong cold front.
    tracking across the Midwest.

    Uncertainty remains with the speed and therefore eventual eastward
    progression of this are of low pressure, which impacts where
    confidence exists in flash flood impacts by Wednesday. Guidance
    today has trended faster and east, which prompted the expansion of
    the MDT and SLGT risk areas across LA. More changes are likely as
    guidance comes into better agreement on the location and speed of
    this system.

    Since the upper Texas Coast area will have been hard hit on 2
    consecutive days prior to Wednesday, the Moderate Risk continuation
    into Wednesday was needed due to likely ongoing heavy rains through
    the period. While there's better certainty into southwest Louisiana
    for Moderate Risk level heavy rains, the Houston Metro was included
    in coordination with HGX/Houston, TX forecast office due to
    uncertainty largely on Wednesday morning as to how far west the
    heavy rain shield will extend at that time. If guidance continues
    to hedge eastward the risk level could be lowered for southeast TX
    on Day 3.

    Wegman/Snell

    ...Midwest...

    20Z Update...

    Only change to this outlook area with to shrink the MRGL and SLGT
    on the northern section of the area where instability will be
    limited across central WI and the northern L.P. of MI.
    Otherwise, the forecast for scattered flash flooding appears to
    remain consistent with latest model guidance.

    Snell

    Previous Discussion...
    A potent area of low pressure over the Plains at the start of the=20
    period will progress east across the Midwest at a rather fast clip=20
    through the day on Wednesday. As the low moves into the mid-=20
    Mississippi Valley, it will increasingly tap into the large=20
    moisture plume present across much of the Southeast. The low will=20
    create its own moisture feed allowing the moisture to rapidly=20
    advect into the Midwest ahead of the low. The area from northern=20
    Illinois into Indiana has also been hard hit by periodic rounds of=20
    heavy rain in recent days, allowing for moist soils and high river=20
    levels to remain. Light rains at times are expected in the area=20
    Tuesday afternoon and evening, but due to lack of moisture, no=20
    significant flash flooding concerns are expected then. By Day=20
    3/Wednesday however, the tap into the Gulf moisture will change all
    that. Numerous showers and thunderstorms will develop along the=20
    cold front ahead of the low as PWATs rise well above 1.5 inches,=20
    reaching as high as 2 inches at times. This will support storms=20
    capable of 1-3 inch per hour rainfall rates Wednesday afternoon=20
    through the overnight. The storms will be very fast moving, which=20
    will reduce the flooding threat, but the aforementioned moist=20
    soils, urban concerns, and increasing availability of deep moisture
    will all support the potential for widely scattered instances of=20
    flash flooding. Expect a warm front to move across the area around=20
    midday to early afternoon, then a strong cold front to move through
    late afternoon through the evening, which may consist of one or 2=20
    lines of storms. These lines of storms in rapid succession could=20
    support training- like effects as far as flash flooding potential.=20
    Given the very favorable hydrology for flash flooding, it's=20
    possible targeted Moderate Risk upgrades may be needed for portions
    of the area, particularly northern Illinois into northern Indiana,
    where a higher-end Slight is in effect.=20

    Wegman
    =20
    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026
    ...THERE IS A MODERATE SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR
    PORTIONS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY & CENTRAL GULF COAST ON
    DAY 4...

    20Z Update: The main changes for the D4 period were the expansion
    of the risk areas, including the MDT risk, further eastward to
    account for the trends in being slightly faster with the PWAT surge
    and mid-level vorticity ejection. This was noted within the global
    ensemble means and correlated with a slight uptick in the pQPF
    probs for the 1/2/3 inch thresholds. Maxima within the probs was
    noted across south-central MS, expanding east to right around
    western AL. Highest confidence given probability consensus was
    across southern MS, so decided to align the MDT over the region
    encompassing much of the Jackson, MS CWA bounds. The SLGT risk was
    also expanded further east and north to account for the anomalous
    PWAT advection regime anticipated by mid-week and beyond. The
    expansion was to target the southern Appalachian front with
    emphasis on northern GA into the escarpment of SC and western NC.
    We'll be monitoring the trends closely as a further east push would
    indicate a further expansion of the risks to the east, including
    more of the I-20 corridor where Birmingham, AL and even
    potentially Atlanta, GA becoming in play for a higher risk. In any
    case, it's certainly the period to watch in the medium range for
    enhanced impacts.

    D5 is when we hit the back end of the more appreciable rainfall
    prospects, however lingering deep layer moisture of tropical origin
    will still allow for efficient warm rain processes and the ability
    for continued heavy rainfall through a good portion of the
    Southeastern U.S. up into the Southern Appalachians. The main
    change was an expansion of the SLGT risk further north through the
    southern Appalachians with a northern advancement into southwestern
    VA. There's some discrepancy on the eastward extent of the
    heaviest precipitation, however there was enough consensus to bring
    the SLGT north in the terrain and maintain the high-end SLGT
    posture across the Central Gulf coast into interior AL/MS.

    Kleebauer

    ..Previous Discussion..
    Attention is on the multi-day Excessive Rainfall threat in the
    Deep South where an abundance of tropical moisture will engulf
    areas from southeast TX to as far east as GA. There are notable
    timing differences across guidance on the placement of the heaviest
    rainfall, and this will come down in large part to the development
    of the low-level disturbance in the western Gulf. Both its
    development and track will likely be troublesome for guidance to
    key in on for another 24-36 hours until the circulation is formed
    over South TX. That said, the region in total will have witnessed
    multiple rounds of Excessive Rainfall, particularly east TX,
    central and northern LA, and into western MS in lead up to Day 4.
    The 12Z ECMWF EFI showed a notable overlap of >0.7 signals from
    southwest LA on east into central MS, including at least a 2
    contour on the Shift of Tails. In collaboration with several WFOs
    along the central Gulf Coast and the Lower MS Valley, a Moderate
    Risk was issued to account for the concerns of additional Excessive
    Rainfall over areas that will likely be dealing with ongoing flash
    flooding in the days leading up to Thursday. It is worth noting
    that the same axis of anomalous moisture in the South will stream
    north into the TN/OH Valleys. These areas will have the benefit of
    strong synoptic-scale forcing to produce widespread thunderstorms.
    A Slight Risk stretches as far north as southwest PA to account for
    flash flooding in these more flash flood prone areas.

    Day 5 will see a weak 500mb trough axis over central TX tap into
    lingering tropical moisture along the Gulf Coast. Lower pressures
    over the Rio grande and persistent high pressure east of the
    Bahamas will maintain the seemingly endless moisture tap emanating
    out of the Bay of Campeche. Moisture out ahead of the upper trough
    will also collide with a frontal boundary that will extend across
    much of the South. The future of the upper-level feature that
    originated over South TX early in the week may also still play a
    key role in Excessive Rainfall, especially from southern LA on
    east into northern GA. Accounting for various ensemble guidance
    tonight, there is a sufficient signal for Excessive Rainfall in
    areas across the South that received copious amounts of rainfall
    the first four days of the work-week to be concerned for more
    scattered instance of flash flooding that could be locally
    significant. A Slight Risk was issued from the Lower Rio Grande
    Valley to as far east as the Appalachians of northern GA.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5N3cvIR1JAqZy_IlbcsWellMY5hGFa6sKrMoKyqp5MUd= qDDSuEGEB8rSZ9AUc2zj4RWfK84-wBK9KP59AZ_MLNx6fA4$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5N3cvIR1JAqZy_IlbcsWellMY5hGFa6sKrMoKyqp5MUd= qDDSuEGEB8rSZ9AUc2zj4RWfK84-wBK9KP59AZ_MItsqYwE$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5N3cvIR1JAqZy_IlbcsWellMY5hGFa6sKrMoKyqp5MUd= qDDSuEGEB8rSZ9AUc2zj4RWfK84-wBK9KP59AZ_MWvO2ZHg$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 16, 2026 08:22:10
    FOUS30 KWBC 160821
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    421 AM EDT Tue Jun 16 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE TEXAS GULF COAST THROUGH THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    An impressive and dynamic setup with multiple mesoscale features
    is expected to develop through the day today from the Texas Gulf
    Coast through the lower Mississippi Valley. The most rainfall for
    the day will occur through this morning. A tropical disturbance
    over Deep South Texas will support the strengthening of the typical
    diurnal low level jet out over the Gulf, driving a plume of
    impressively deep tropical moisture northward into the Texas and
    Louisiana Gulf Coasts. Meanwhile a stationary front currently over
    southern Arkansas and northern Mississippi will advance southward
    as a cold front due to a disturbance and push of cooler drier air
    south behind the front. This clash of air masses will result in
    continued upscale development of storms that have broken out over
    northern Louisiana through the overnight and into Tuesday morning.
    FFGs are already lower in many spots west from the western tip of
    Mississippi. This nearly stationary line of training storms is
    likely to persist well into the afternoon, which could make for a
    narrow but nevertheless severe area of very high totals of storm
    total rainfall, especially into western Mississippi. Guidance has
    suggested this narrow corridor, highlighted in much of the guidance
    since yesterday along the I-20 corridor has now shifted a few
    counties south, extending from Alexandria, LA east almost to
    Hattiesburg, MS. The inherited Moderate Risk for this area was
    trimmed on the north side both with the current start of convection
    in this corridor and the southward trend in the guidance.

    Meanwhile, a number of other pieces of CAMs guidance suggest that
    the showers and storms developing along the immediate coast roughly
    from Galveston/Trinity Bays east to Lafayette, LA will be the
    primary and dominant line of showers and storms impacting the
    northwestern Gulf Coast today. This line would from largely from
    sea breeze/frictional convergence of the strong onshore southerly
    flow into the coast. The front to the north may play a role in
    maintaining the storms where they are, but would likely play a
    secondary role. Should this line develop robustly, it will force
    the aforementioned line of storms over northern LA/southwest MS
    eastward, resulting in less rain over northern/central LA. Most
    likely there will be a combination of the two, with the east-
    northeastward moving storms along the southwest Louisiana coast
    continuing with the line to the northeast over western Mississippi.
    Once again the Moderate Risk here remains in place with few
    changes.

    Finally, further south along the Texas Gulf Coast, the larger
    synoptic level disturbance, responsible for the heavy rains and
    flash flooding over Deep South Texas yesterday will likely eject
    east into the Gulf today. As it does so, it will create localized
    bands of heavy rain along the Middle Texas Coast, which will then
    advect northeast to join the line east of Houston. This area from
    Corpus Christi to Houston remains the most uncertain portion of the
    Moderate Risk area, as a small south/east shift in the track of the
    disturbance will take the lion's share of the associated rainfall
    ahead of the low track out over the open Gulf, and greatly limit
    any rainfall today along the coast. The inherited Moderate Risk was
    trimmed completely south of Corpus Christi, with just a Slight
    along the immediate lower Texas Gulf Coast to account for ongoing
    rains in the area. The threat will shift off the coast by late this
    afternoon.

    With all three areas of heavy rain above, they will all diminish
    and dissipate as a significant heavy rain threat by this evening.
    Occasional showers and a storm or two may impact the immediate Gulf
    Coast through the overnight, but for the most part the heavy rain
    threat through tonight should be minimal.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE UPPER
    TEXAS GULF COAST THROUGH SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA...

    ...Gulf Coast...

    An upper level shortwave disturbance over the northwestern Gulf
    will likely contribute to the development of a small surface low
    or surface trough along the Texas Gulf Coast on Wednesday. This
    disturbance will gradually track parallel to the coast towards the
    northeast, and move into southwestern Louisiana this evening. The
    exact track of the center of circulation will remain the
    distinctive factor determining how much rain penetrates inland
    along the Texas coast, including into the Houston Metro. Some of
    the CAMs guidance has trended west with the track of the low, which
    will prolong a period of heavy rain into Houston as cells ride
    northwestward ahead of the low in a small but very potent band of
    heavy rain. It will be potent not just because of the multiple
    sources of forcing for the heavy rain, but also the sheer amount of
    atmospheric moisture that will be available for the storms to tap
    into. PWATs will remain exceptionally high, likely peaking in the
    upper 2s as the low reaches its peak intensity this afternoon.
    While the predominant southerly flow will advect some instability
    into the low, extensive cloud cover will work against achieving
    heavy rainfall rates in many cases. The hydrology will become
    increasingly favorable for flash flooding even with less than
    optimal rainfall rates as prior days' rains combine with the new
    rainfall to continue lowering FFGs. The Moderate Risk was nudged
    west in coordination with HGX/Houston, TX forecast office to
    include all of the Houston Metro. Prolonged northwestward moving
    cells in a narrow band could easily start causing flash flooding
    problems over the Houston metro should the track optimize.

    Further east, there is more certainty with heavy rainfall rates
    impacting the area from Beaumont east into southwestern Louisiana.
    Southerly flow exactly orthogonal to the coast, frictional
    convergence, and then the low itself impacting the area from late
    in the day Wednesday through Wednesday night will all contribute to
    additional heavy rains over an area of Louisiana already hard hit
    from the current rain and expected rain in the area on Day 1. The
    Moderate Risk area was little changed from inherited in this area.

    Further north and east, the heavy rain threat will concentrate over
    the Wednesday night timeframe. As the low and associated upper
    level disturbance move into Louisiana, a leading band of heavy
    rain, oriented southwest to northeast, will overspread portions of
    central and eastern Louisiana and continue into western
    Mississippi. There is considerable uncertainty how far into
    Mississippi the heavy rain gets. But it will likely extend from the
    coast south of Lafayette northeast through Baton Rouge and into
    southwestern Mississippi. Here too, favorable hydrology due to wet
    soils from heavy rains from today/Day 1 will contribute to any
    resultant flash flooding. For now, this appears to stay west of New
    Orleans, but will likely be too close for comfort, and the New
    Orleans Metro could see occasional heavy rain from passing cells.

    ...Midwest...

    Very few changes were needed to the large Slight Risk across much
    of the Midwest on Wednesday. A strong and impressively potent low
    driving eastward from the Plains will run into increasing amounts
    of deep tropical moisture as it moves into the Great Lakes. This
    will contribute to increasing coverage of showers and storms, first
    with its warm front from Chicago east along Michigan's southern
    border, then followed very quickly in some areas by stronger storms
    associated with the low's cold front. Favorable hydrology from
    several bouts of heavy rain over the past week will support flash
    flooding development. However, this low and its associated storms
    will be racing eastward. Thus, duration of heavy rain will be very
    limiting in many areas. For the corridor forming the northern half
    of the Slight Risk area, heavy rain duration will be longer, as the
    warm front and associated elevated convection quickly followed by
    stronger convection with the cold front could allow for some areas
    to see multiple hours with interspersed heavy rain through the day.
    Instability may be more limited in this area however, so that will
    work against heavy rains.

    For the southern half of the Slight, there will be significantly
    more moisture and instability for the storms to work with as they
    race southeastward, so rainfall rates should be higher than further
    north. However, it's likely just the cold front's storms that will
    impact most areas, so it's one shot and done. Training and
    backbuilding won't be a concern until you get back into Missouri
    and Kansas. Once again, the soils remain wet in these areas, so it
    may be enough to get widely scattered instances of flash flooding,
    particularly in urban areas. As is typical this time of year, the
    cold front will hang up on its southern and western periphery, as
    it runs into the southwesterly low level jet. This will greatly
    extend the potential for heavy rain from southeastern Kansas
    through southern Missouri Wednesday night. These areas have also
    been hard hit with heavy rain in recent days, as well as the
    topography of the Ozarks, so the Slight remains in place there with
    few changes.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY THROUGH CENTRAL ALABAMA...

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley through Central Alabama...

    The tropical low and its associated moisture are expected to start
    the Day 3 period over northern Louisiana or western Mississippi.
    The leading band of heavy rain will be ongoing from eastern
    Louisiana into southern Mississippi. The low will slowly drift
    eastward across Mississippi through the day, then gradually
    increase its forward speed Thursday night as it tracks east across
    Alabama and ends the period in northern Georgia. A very persistent
    heavy band of rain will remain south and east of the low center
    throughout the Day 3 period. This will focus the heaviest rains in
    the Moderate Risk corridor from central Louisiana through central
    Alabama. Prolonged southerly flow of the deep tropical moisture
    with PWATs to 2.5 inches will support development and redevelopment
    of convection ahead of the main band associated with the low. Thus,
    heavy rain with multiple inches of rain per hour rain rates are
    expected through the Moderate Risk area. Soils in Louisiana and
    Mississippi are already saturated now even before Days 1 and 2's
    rains. While some parts of central Alabama have dry soils, that
    should change as the soils are primed today/Day 1. Thus, by Day 3,
    the entire Moderate Risk area should have well wetter than normal
    soils. Thus, hydrology will play a big role in flash flood
    development. For western areas, nearly constant heavy rain in Days
    1-2 will make flooding into D3/Thursday very easy. Further east
    into Alabama, the southerly flow of deep tropical moisture will
    last longer as the low tracks eastward, so there will be a longer
    period where heavy rain may be occurring over Alabama. In
    coordination with BMX/Birmingham, AL forecast office, the Moderate
    Risk was expanded east across central Alabama with this update.
    Even once the low center passes, the air mass will be largely
    unchanged behind the low, as the tropical air mass will still be in
    place into the lower Mississippi Valley, thus, the low's cold front
    could continue to produce storms into southern Alabama into
    Thursday night.

    ...Ohio Valley...

    The northern edge of the deep tropical air mass supporting the
    tropical low to the south will bump up against a strong cold front
    that will be set up along the Ohio River on Thursday. As the
    plentiful moisture on southwesterly flow runs into the front,
    training thunderstorms are expected through much of Kentucky,
    particularly the southern half, Thursday afternoon and evening.
    This could lead to a prolonged period of heavy rain due to training
    and backbuilding thunderstorms over the region. For this reason, an
    internal higher-end Slight was issued for the southern 2/3 of the
    state. The Slight into the mid-Appalachians was trimmed on the
    northern side around Pittsburgh, PA due to less moisture making it
    that far north and east, and with the cold front over Kentucky
    concentrating the storms further west, coverage of storms into West
    Virginia also appears to have diminished in the guidance. Thus, the
    Slight was dropped to a lower-end Slight.

    At the western end of the front into southeastern Oklahoma and
    parts of Arkansas, an MCS may develop late Thursday night as the
    nocturnal jet intensifies. A Slight Risk was drawn in from far
    north Texas along the MO/AR border to the Mississippi/Ohio River
    confluence for expected slow-moving and training storms along much
    of the front, though the highest concentration of storms should be
    into southeastern Oklahoma.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, MID SOUTH, AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS ON DAY
    4...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER THE PARTS OF
    THE MIDWEST ON DAY 5...

    Day 4's (Friday) Excessive Rainfall threat remains fixed across
    much of the South. The combination of the lingering disturbance,
    that may become a more formidable surface cyclone, will reside
    within an environment that contains >2.0" PWs over much of the
    Mid-South. Sufficient instability aloft will continue to support
    thunderstorms that can produce highly efficient rainfall rates.
    Much of the region will also have received a steady dousing of
    heavy rainfall during the work-week as well, priming soils for more
    potential flash flooding. Farther west, a shortwave trough over TX
    and the return of low-level SErly flow will introduce will
    reintroduce more Gulf moisture over central TX and as far west as
    southwest NM. The TX Hill Country is most prone to flash flooding,
    although some localized flash flooding over the Guadalupe and
    Sacramento mountains could also transpire.

    By Day 5 (Saturday), a potent 500mb shortwave trough over the Great
    Basin will race east towards the Northern Rockies around midday and
    reach the northern High Plains by Saturday night. As a cold front
    races south from Canada, a warm front lifting north through the
    Central Plains will deliver a plume of anomalous moisture and
    foster an increasingly unstable environment over the Midwest by
    late Saturday. While the exact placement of the developing
    thunderstorm activity varies by model, they all show a deepening
    surface low over the Central Plains and a strengthening LLJ that
    results in a >500 kg/m/s IVT field over the Midwest. Storms should
    be able to produce efficient rainfall rates thanks to a growing
    shield of >1.5" PWs over the MO River Valley, which does surpass
    the 90th climatological percentile. For these reasons, a Day 5
    Slight Risk was introduced. Farther south, a weakening frontal
    boundary and residual anomalous moisture aloft will help trigger
    additional storms from South TX on east across many of the Gulf
    Coast States. Given the South's increasingly sensitive soils and
    the presence of PWs hovering around 2.0", thunderstorms could
    produce localized flash flooding Saturday afternoon and evening.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-oCNB99aE_Oa4Q6BpZ8XLHJ1r-_6u-XhXmHneTLjhTkM= FFe5NF9iytpxPiuzRyee6A328Tqino3WitP0n2QDvNETiHw$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-oCNB99aE_Oa4Q6BpZ8XLHJ1r-_6u-XhXmHneTLjhTkM= FFe5NF9iytpxPiuzRyee6A328Tqino3WitP0n2QDLS36gWM$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-oCNB99aE_Oa4Q6BpZ8XLHJ1r-_6u-XhXmHneTLjhTkM= FFe5NF9iytpxPiuzRyee6A328Tqino3WitP0n2QDZLmsHXI$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 16, 2026 16:26:08
    FOUS30 KWBC 161625
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1225 PM EDT Tue Jun 16 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE TEXAS GULF COAST THROUGH THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...


    ...16z Update...

    Ongoing convection with rain rates of around 1-2"/hr, increasing
    trends on 24 hour rainfall totals as well as a consolidation in
    areal placement of max QPF support an elevated moderate risk area
    (at least 55% chance) of excessive rainfall over portions of
    central/southern Louisiana stretching into southwestern
    Mississippi. Otherwise, the western section of the outlook area
    remains mostly untouched. The presence of the tropical surface wave
    along the south Texas coast throughout the day maintains the
    possibility of scattered convection capable of high rain rates
    occurring.
    The latest CAMs continue to signal potential for diurnal convection
    capable of high QPF output over southeast Florida late this
    afternoon/evening. Therefore, the marginal risk area will be
    maintained.

    Kebede


    ...Previous Discussion...

    An impressive and dynamic setup with multiple mesoscale features
    is expected to develop through the day today from the Texas Gulf
    Coast through the lower Mississippi Valley. The most rainfall for
    the day will occur through this morning. A tropical disturbance
    over Deep South Texas will support the strengthening of the typical
    diurnal low level jet out over the Gulf, driving a plume of
    impressively deep tropical moisture northward into the Texas and
    Louisiana Gulf Coasts. Meanwhile, a stationary front currently
    over southern Arkansas and northern Mississippi will advance
    southward as a cold front due to a disturbance and push of cooler
    drier air south behind the front. This clash of air masses will
    result in continued upscale development of storms that have broken
    out over northern Louisiana through the overnight and into Tuesday
    morning. FFGs are already lower in many spots west from the western
    tip of Mississippi. This nearly stationary line of training storms
    is likely to persist well into the afternoon, which could make for
    a narrow but nevertheless severe area of very high totals of storm
    total rainfall, especially into western Mississippi. Guidance has
    suggested this narrow corridor, highlighted in much of the guidance
    since yesterday along the I-20 corridor has now shifted a few
    counties south, extending from Alexandria, LA east almost to
    Hattiesburg, MS. The inherited Moderate Risk for this area was
    trimmed on the north side both with the current start of convection
    in this corridor and the southward trend in the guidance.
    Meanwhile, a number of other pieces of CAMs guidance suggest that
    the showers and storms developing along the immediate coast roughly
    from Galveston/Trinity Bays east to Lafayette, LA will be the
    primary and dominant line of showers and storms impacting the
    northwestern Gulf Coast today. This line would from largely from
    sea breeze/frictional convergence of the strong onshore southerly
    flow into the coast. The front to the north may play a role in
    maintaining the storms where they are, but would likely play a
    secondary role. Should this line develop robustly, it will force
    the aforementioned line of storms over northern LA/southwest MS
    eastward, resulting in less rain over northern/central LA. Most
    likely there will be a combination of the two, with the east-
    northeastward moving storms along the southwest Louisiana coast
    continuing with the line to the northeast over western Mississippi.
    Once again the Moderate Risk here remains in place with few
    changes.
    Finally, further south along the Texas Gulf Coast, the larger
    synoptic level disturbance, responsible for the heavy rains and
    flash flooding over Deep South Texas yesterday will likely eject
    east into the Gulf today. As it does so, it will create localized
    bands of heavy rain along the Middle Texas Coast, which will then
    advect northeast to join the line east of Houston. This area from
    Corpus Christi to Houston remains the most uncertain portion of the
    Moderate Risk area, as a small south/east shift in the track of the
    disturbance will take the lion's share of the associated rainfall
    ahead of the low track out over the open Gulf, and greatly limit
    any rainfall today along the coast. The inherited Moderate Risk was
    trimmed completely south of Corpus Christi, with just a Slight
    along the immediate lower Texas Gulf Coast to account for ongoing
    rains in the area. The threat will shift off the coast by late this
    afternoon.
    With all three areas of heavy rain above, they will all diminish
    and dissipate as a significant heavy rain threat by this evening.
    Occasional showers and a storm or two may impact the immediate Gulf
    Coast through the overnight, but for the most part the heavy rain
    threat through tonight should be minimal.


    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE UPPER
    TEXAS GULF COAST THROUGH SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA...

    ...Gulf Coast...

    An upper level shortwave disturbance over the northwestern Gulf
    will likely contribute to the development of a small surface low
    or surface trough along the Texas Gulf Coast on Wednesday. This
    disturbance will gradually track parallel to the coast towards the
    northeast, and move into southwestern Louisiana this evening. The
    exact track of the center of circulation will remain the
    distinctive factor determining how much rain penetrates inland
    along the Texas coast, including into the Houston Metro. Some of
    the CAMs guidance has trended west with the track of the low, which
    will prolong a period of heavy rain into Houston as cells ride
    northwestward ahead of the low in a small but very potent band of
    heavy rain. It will be potent not just because of the multiple
    sources of forcing for the heavy rain, but also the sheer amount of
    atmospheric moisture that will be available for the storms to tap
    into. PWATs will remain exceptionally high, likely peaking in the
    upper 2s as the low reaches its peak intensity this afternoon.
    While the predominant southerly flow will advect some instability
    into the low, extensive cloud cover will work against achieving
    heavy rainfall rates in many cases. The hydrology will become
    increasingly favorable for flash flooding even with less than
    optimal rainfall rates as prior days' rains combine with the new
    rainfall to continue lowering FFGs. The Moderate Risk was nudged
    west in coordination with HGX/Houston, TX forecast office to
    include all of the Houston Metro. Prolonged northwestward moving
    cells in a narrow band could easily start causing flash flooding
    problems over the Houston metro should the track optimize.

    Further east, there is more certainty with heavy rainfall rates
    impacting the area from Beaumont east into southwestern Louisiana.
    Southerly flow exactly orthogonal to the coast, frictional
    convergence, and then the low itself impacting the area from late
    in the day Wednesday through Wednesday night will all contribute to
    additional heavy rains over an area of Louisiana already hard hit
    from the current rain and expected rain in the area on Day 1. The
    Moderate Risk area was little changed from inherited in this area.

    Further north and east, the heavy rain threat will concentrate over
    the Wednesday night timeframe. As the low and associated upper
    level disturbance move into Louisiana, a leading band of heavy
    rain, oriented southwest to northeast, will overspread portions of
    central and eastern Louisiana and continue into western
    Mississippi. There is considerable uncertainty how far into
    Mississippi the heavy rain gets. But it will likely extend from the
    coast south of Lafayette northeast through Baton Rouge and into
    southwestern Mississippi. Here too, favorable hydrology due to wet
    soils from heavy rains from today/Day 1 will contribute to any
    resultant flash flooding. For now, this appears to stay west of New
    Orleans, but will likely be too close for comfort, and the New
    Orleans Metro could see occasional heavy rain from passing cells.

    ...Midwest...

    Very few changes were needed to the large Slight Risk across much
    of the Midwest on Wednesday. A strong and impressively potent low
    driving eastward from the Plains will run into increasing amounts
    of deep tropical moisture as it moves into the Great Lakes. This
    will contribute to increasing coverage of showers and storms, first
    with its warm front from Chicago east along Michigan's southern
    border, then followed very quickly in some areas by stronger storms
    associated with the low's cold front. Favorable hydrology from
    several bouts of heavy rain over the past week will support flash
    flooding development. However, this low and its associated storms
    will be racing eastward. Thus, duration of heavy rain will be very
    limiting in many areas. For the corridor forming the northern half
    of the Slight Risk area, heavy rain duration will be longer, as the
    warm front and associated elevated convection quickly followed by
    stronger convection with the cold front could allow for some areas
    to see multiple hours with interspersed heavy rain through the day.
    Instability may be more limited in this area however, so that will
    work against heavy rains.

    For the southern half of the Slight, there will be significantly
    more moisture and instability for the storms to work with as they
    race southeastward, so rainfall rates should be higher than further
    north. However, it's likely just the cold front's storms that will
    impact most areas, so it's one shot and done. Training and
    backbuilding won't be a concern until you get back into Missouri
    and Kansas. Once again, the soils remain wet in these areas, so it
    may be enough to get widely scattered instances of flash flooding,
    particularly in urban areas. As is typical this time of year, the
    cold front will hang up on its southern and western periphery, as
    it runs into the southwesterly low level jet. This will greatly
    extend the potential for heavy rain from southeastern Kansas
    through southern Missouri Wednesday night. These areas have also
    been hard hit with heavy rain in recent days, as well as the
    topography of the Ozarks, so the Slight remains in place there with
    few changes.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY THROUGH CENTRAL ALABAMA...

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley through Central Alabama...

    The tropical low and its associated moisture are expected to start
    the Day 3 period over northern Louisiana or western Mississippi.
    The leading band of heavy rain will be ongoing from eastern
    Louisiana into southern Mississippi. The low will slowly drift
    eastward across Mississippi through the day, then gradually
    increase its forward speed Thursday night as it tracks east across
    Alabama and ends the period in northern Georgia. A very persistent
    heavy band of rain will remain south and east of the low center
    throughout the Day 3 period. This will focus the heaviest rains in
    the Moderate Risk corridor from central Louisiana through central
    Alabama. Prolonged southerly flow of the deep tropical moisture
    with PWATs to 2.5 inches will support development and redevelopment
    of convection ahead of the main band associated with the low. Thus,
    heavy rain with multiple inches of rain per hour rain rates are
    expected through the Moderate Risk area. Soils in Louisiana and
    Mississippi are already saturated now even before Days 1 and 2's
    rains. While some parts of central Alabama have dry soils, that
    should change as the soils are primed today/Day 1. Thus, by Day 3,
    the entire Moderate Risk area should have well wetter than normal
    soils. Thus, hydrology will play a big role in flash flood
    development. For western areas, nearly constant heavy rain in Days
    1-2 will make flooding into D3/Thursday very easy. Further east
    into Alabama, the southerly flow of deep tropical moisture will
    last longer as the low tracks eastward, so there will be a longer
    period where heavy rain may be occurring over Alabama. In
    coordination with BMX/Birmingham, AL forecast office, the Moderate
    Risk was expanded east across central Alabama with this update.
    Even once the low center passes, the air mass will be largely
    unchanged behind the low, as the tropical air mass will still be in
    place into the lower Mississippi Valley, thus, the low's cold front
    could continue to produce storms into southern Alabama into
    Thursday night.

    ...Ohio Valley...

    The northern edge of the deep tropical air mass supporting the
    tropical low to the south will bump up against a strong cold front
    that will be set up along the Ohio River on Thursday. As the
    plentiful moisture on southwesterly flow runs into the front,
    training thunderstorms are expected through much of Kentucky,
    particularly the southern half, Thursday afternoon and evening.
    This could lead to a prolonged period of heavy rain due to training
    and backbuilding thunderstorms over the region. For this reason, an
    internal higher-end Slight was issued for the southern 2/3 of the
    state. The Slight into the mid-Appalachians was trimmed on the
    northern side around Pittsburgh, PA due to less moisture making it
    that far north and east, and with the cold front over Kentucky
    concentrating the storms further west, coverage of storms into West
    Virginia also appears to have diminished in the guidance. Thus, the
    Slight was dropped to a lower-end Slight.

    At the western end of the front into southeastern Oklahoma and
    parts of Arkansas, an MCS may develop late Thursday night as the
    nocturnal jet intensifies. A Slight Risk was drawn in from far
    north Texas along the MO/AR border to the Mississippi/Ohio River
    confluence for expected slow-moving and training storms along much
    of the front, though the highest concentration of storms should be
    into southeastern Oklahoma.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, MID SOUTH, AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS ON DAY
    4...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER THE PARTS OF
    THE MIDWEST ON DAY 5...

    Day 4's (Friday) Excessive Rainfall threat remains fixed across
    much of the South. The combination of the lingering disturbance,
    that may become a more formidable surface cyclone, will reside
    within an environment that contains >2.0" PWs over much of the
    Mid-South. Sufficient instability aloft will continue to support
    thunderstorms that can produce highly efficient rainfall rates.
    Much of the region will also have received a steady dousing of
    heavy rainfall during the work-week as well, priming soils for more
    potential flash flooding. Farther west, a shortwave trough over TX
    and the return of low-level SErly flow will introduce will
    reintroduce more Gulf moisture over central TX and as far west as
    southwest NM. The TX Hill Country is most prone to flash flooding,
    although some localized flash flooding over the Guadalupe and
    Sacramento mountains could also transpire.

    By Day 5 (Saturday), a potent 500mb shortwave trough over the Great
    Basin will race east towards the Northern Rockies around midday and
    reach the northern High Plains by Saturday night. As a cold front
    races south from Canada, a warm front lifting north through the
    Central Plains will deliver a plume of anomalous moisture and
    foster an increasingly unstable environment over the Midwest by
    late Saturday. While the exact placement of the developing
    thunderstorm activity varies by model, they all show a deepening
    surface low over the Central Plains and a strengthening LLJ that
    results in a >500 kg/m/s IVT field over the Midwest. Storms should
    be able to produce efficient rainfall rates thanks to a growing
    shield of >1.5" PWs over the MO River Valley, which does surpass
    the 90th climatological percentile. For these reasons, a Day 5
    Slight Risk was introduced. Farther south, a weakening frontal
    boundary and residual anomalous moisture aloft will help trigger
    additional storms from South TX on east across many of the Gulf
    Coast States. Given the South's increasingly sensitive soils and
    the presence of PWs hovering around 2.0", thunderstorms could
    produce localized flash flooding Saturday afternoon and evening.

    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9GSLd_8nB14GZlrAIBbrWEb0UVex4i_xw5VOD-J57Qlu= iEwMitQo78WYMrMjXK-T_l19uLu-J8Cz3fkTT4P0D51_en8$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9GSLd_8nB14GZlrAIBbrWEb0UVex4i_xw5VOD-J57Qlu= iEwMitQo78WYMrMjXK-T_l19uLu-J8Cz3fkTT4P0W-i1dSk$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9GSLd_8nB14GZlrAIBbrWEb0UVex4i_xw5VOD-J57Qlu= iEwMitQo78WYMrMjXK-T_l19uLu-J8Cz3fkTT4P05Bb4CBw$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 16, 2026 20:36:34
    FOUS30 KWBC 162036
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    436 PM EDT Tue Jun 16 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Tue Jun 16 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE TEXAS GULF COAST THROUGH THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...
    ...16z Update...
    Ongoing convection with rain rates of around 1-2"/hr, increasing
    trends on 24 hour rainfall totals as well as a consolidation in
    areal placement of max QPF support an elevated moderate risk area
    (at least 55% chance) of excessive rainfall over portions of
    central/southern Louisiana stretching into southwestern
    Mississippi. Otherwise, the western section of the outlook area
    remains mostly untouched. The presence of the tropical surface wave
    along the south Texas coast throughout the day maintains the
    possibility of scattered convection capable of high rain rates
    occurring.
    The latest CAMs continue to signal potential for diurnal convection
    capable of high QPF output over southeast Florida late this
    afternoon/evening. Therefore, the marginal risk area will be
    maintained.
    Kebede
    ...Previous Discussion...
    An impressive and dynamic setup with multiple mesoscale features
    is expected to develop through the day today from the Texas Gulf
    Coast through the lower Mississippi Valley. The most rainfall for
    the day will occur through this morning. A tropical disturbance
    over Deep South Texas will support the strengthening of the typical
    diurnal low level jet out over the Gulf, driving a plume of
    impressively deep tropical moisture northward into the Texas and
    Louisiana Gulf Coasts. Meanwhile, a stationary front currently
    over southern Arkansas and northern Mississippi will advance
    southward as a cold front due to a disturbance and push of cooler
    drier air south behind the front. This clash of air masses will
    result in continued upscale development of storms that have broken
    out over northern Louisiana through the overnight and into Tuesday
    morning. FFGs are already lower in many spots west from the western
    tip of Mississippi. This nearly stationary line of training storms
    is likely to persist well into the afternoon, which could make for
    a narrow but nevertheless severe area of very high totals of storm
    total rainfall, especially into western Mississippi. Guidance has
    suggested this narrow corridor, highlighted in much of the guidance
    since yesterday along the I-20 corridor has now shifted a few
    counties south, extending from Alexandria, LA east almost to
    Hattiesburg, MS. The inherited Moderate Risk for this area was
    trimmed on the north side both with the current start of convection
    in this corridor and the southward trend in the guidance.
    Meanwhile, a number of other pieces of CAMs guidance suggest that
    the showers and storms developing along the immediate coast roughly
    from Galveston/Trinity Bays east to Lafayette, LA will be the
    primary and dominant line of showers and storms impacting the
    northwestern Gulf Coast today. This line would from largely from
    sea breeze/frictional convergence of the strong onshore southerly
    flow into the coast. The front to the north may play a role in
    maintaining the storms where they are, but would likely play a
    secondary role. Should this line develop robustly, it will force
    the aforementioned line of storms over northern LA/southwest MS
    eastward, resulting in less rain over northern/central LA. Most
    likely there will be a combination of the two, with the east-
    northeastward moving storms along the southwest Louisiana coast
    continuing with the line to the northeast over western Mississippi.
    Once again the Moderate Risk here remains in place with few
    changes.
    Finally, further south along the Texas Gulf Coast, the larger
    synoptic level disturbance, responsible for the heavy rains and
    flash flooding over Deep South Texas yesterday will likely eject
    east into the Gulf today. As it does so, it will create localized
    bands of heavy rain along the Middle Texas Coast, which will then
    advect northeast to join the line east of Houston. This area from
    Corpus Christi to Houston remains the most uncertain portion of the
    Moderate Risk area, as a small south/east shift in the track of the
    disturbance will take the lion's share of the associated rainfall
    ahead of the low track out over the open Gulf, and greatly limit
    any rainfall today along the coast. The inherited Moderate Risk was
    trimmed completely south of Corpus Christi, with just a Slight
    along the immediate lower Texas Gulf Coast to account for ongoing
    rains in the area. The threat will shift off the coast by late this
    afternoon.
    With all three areas of heavy rain above, they will all diminish
    and dissipate as a significant heavy rain threat by this evening.
    Occasional showers and a storm or two may impact the immediate Gulf
    Coast through the overnight, but for the most part the heavy rain
    threat through tonight should be minimal.
    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE UPPER
    TEXAS GULF COAST THROUGH SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA AND NORTHEAST
    ILLINOIS INTO NORTHWEST INDIANA AND FAR SOUTHWESTERN MICHIGAN...
    ...2030z Update...
    ...Midwest...
    A moderate risk of excessive rainfall was introduced over the
    Chicago metro area and expanded out into portions of northwestern
    Indiana and far southwestern Michigan. Aloft, a upper level
    jetstreak will develop over the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes
    Wednesday afternoon where a mid-level shortwave vort max will pivot
    through the region. Anomalous moisture along with a modest pool of
    instability (500-1500 J/Kg) will stretch into the region from the
    south. A formidable low level jet (40-50 Kts) along a convergence
    axis at the surface could generate very efficient rain rates
    (0.5-1"/hr+) Wednesday afternoon/evening. HREF mean 24 hour
    probabilities of exceeding 3 and 5 inches in the 40 Km and EAS
    neighborhood probabilities respectively are around 15% on
    Wednesday.
    ...Gulf Coast...
    The moderate risk was expanded to include the New Orleans metro
    area to account for increasing risk of urban flash flooding and a
    eastward shift in max QPF since the previous issuance. The slight
    risk was also expanded eastward beyond Panama City Beach.
    Kebede
    ...Previous Discussion...
    ...Gulf Coast...
    An upper level shortwave disturbance over the northwestern Gulf
    will likely contribute to the development of a small surface low
    or surface trough along the Texas Gulf Coast on Wednesday. This
    disturbance will gradually track parallel to the coast towards the
    northeast, and move into southwestern Louisiana this evening. The
    exact track of the center of circulation will remain the
    distinctive factor determining how much rain penetrates inland
    along the Texas coast, including into the Houston Metro. Some of
    the CAMs guidance has trended west with the track of the low, which
    will prolong a period of heavy rain into Houston as cells ride
    northwestward ahead of the low in a small but very potent band of
    heavy rain. It will be potent not just because of the multiple
    sources of forcing for the heavy rain, but also the sheer amount of
    atmospheric moisture that will be available for the storms to tap
    into. PWATs will remain exceptionally high, likely peaking in the
    upper 2s as the low reaches its peak intensity this afternoon.
    While the predominant southerly flow will advect some instability
    into the low, extensive cloud cover will work against achieving
    heavy rainfall rates in many cases. The hydrology will become
    increasingly favorable for flash flooding even with less than
    optimal rainfall rates as prior days' rains combine with the new
    rainfall to continue lowering FFGs. The Moderate Risk was nudged
    west in coordination with HGX/Houston, TX forecast office to
    include all of the Houston Metro. Prolonged northwestward moving
    cells in a narrow band could easily start causing flash flooding
    problems over the Houston metro should the track optimize.
    Further east, there is more certainty with heavy rainfall rates
    impacting the area from Beaumont east into southwestern Louisiana.
    Southerly flow exactly orthogonal to the coast, frictional
    convergence, and then the low itself impacting the area from late
    in the day Wednesday through Wednesday night will all contribute to
    additional heavy rains over an area of Louisiana already hard hit
    from the current rain and expected rain in the area on Day 1. The
    Moderate Risk area was little changed from inherited in this area.
    Further north and east, the heavy rain threat will concentrate over
    the Wednesday night timeframe. As the low and associated upper
    level disturbance move into Louisiana, a leading band of heavy
    rain, oriented southwest to northeast, will overspread portions of
    central and eastern Louisiana and continue into western
    Mississippi. There is considerable uncertainty how far into
    Mississippi the heavy rain gets. But it will likely extend from the
    coast south of Lafayette northeast through Baton Rouge and into
    southwestern Mississippi. Here too, favorable hydrology due to wet
    soils from heavy rains from today/Day 1 will contribute to any
    resultant flash flooding. For now, this appears to stay west of New
    Orleans, but will likely be too close for comfort, and the New
    Orleans Metro could see occasional heavy rain from passing cells.
    ...Midwest...
    Very few changes were needed to the large Slight Risk across much
    of the Midwest on Wednesday. A strong and impressively potent low
    driving eastward from the Plains will run into increasing amounts
    of deep tropical moisture as it moves into the Great Lakes. This
    will contribute to increasing coverage of showers and storms, first
    with its warm front from Chicago east along Michigan's southern
    border, then followed very quickly in some areas by stronger storms
    associated with the low's cold front. Favorable hydrology from
    several bouts of heavy rain over the past week will support flash
    flooding development. However, this low and its associated storms
    will be racing eastward. Thus, duration of heavy rain will be very
    limiting in many areas. For the corridor forming the northern half
    of the Slight Risk area, heavy rain duration will be longer, as the
    warm front and associated elevated convection quickly followed by
    stronger convection with the cold front could allow for some areas
    to see multiple hours with interspersed heavy rain through the day.
    Instability may be more limited in this area however, so that will
    work against heavy rains.
    For the southern half of the Slight, there will be significantly
    more moisture and instability for the storms to work with as they
    race southeastward, so rainfall rates should be higher than further
    north. However, it's likely just the cold front's storms that will
    impact most areas, so it's one shot and done. Training and
    backbuilding won't be a concern until you get back into Missouri
    and Kansas. Once again, the soils remain wet in these areas, so it
    may be enough to get widely scattered instances of flash flooding,
    particularly in urban areas. As is typical this time of year, the
    cold front will hang up on its southern and western periphery, as
    it runs into the southwesterly low level jet. This will greatly
    extend the potential for heavy rain from southeastern Kansas
    through southern Missouri Wednesday night. These areas have also
    been hard hit with heavy rain in recent days, as well as the
    topography of the Ozarks, so the Slight remains in place there with
    few changes.
    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND SOUTHEAST...
    ...2030z Update...
    ...Lower Mississippi through central Georgia...
    The inherited moderate risk area was expanded south and east to
    include places like the Atlanta metro area, due to concerns of
    urban flash flooding. Models are still uncertain as to where
    exactly the heaviest rainfall will occur, however, antecedent
    rainfall should still support flash flooding in many parts of the
    Lower Mississippi Valley if convection/rain occurs.
    Kebede
    ...Previous Discussion...
    ...Lower Mississippi Valley through Central Alabama...
    The tropical low and its associated moisture are expected to start
    the Day 3 period over northern Louisiana or western Mississippi.
    The leading band of heavy rain will be ongoing from eastern
    Louisiana into southern Mississippi. The low will slowly drift
    eastward across Mississippi through the day, then gradually
    increase its forward speed Thursday night as it tracks east across
    Alabama and ends the period in northern Georgia. A very persistent
    heavy band of rain will remain south and east of the low center
    throughout the Day 3 period. This will focus the heaviest rains in
    the Moderate Risk corridor from central Louisiana through central
    Alabama. Prolonged southerly flow of the deep tropical moisture
    with PWATs to 2.5 inches will support development and redevelopment
    of convection ahead of the main band associated with the low. Thus,
    heavy rain with multiple inches of rain per hour rain rates are
    expected through the Moderate Risk area. Soils in Louisiana and
    Mississippi are already saturated now even before Days 1 and 2's
    rains. While some parts of central Alabama have dry soils, that
    should change as the soils are primed today/Day 1. Thus, by Day 3,
    the entire Moderate Risk area should have well wetter than normal
    soils. Thus, hydrology will play a big role in flash flood
    development. For western areas, nearly constant heavy rain in Days
    1-2 will make flooding into D3/Thursday very easy. Further east
    into Alabama, the southerly flow of deep tropical moisture will
    last longer as the low tracks eastward, so there will be a longer
    period where heavy rain may be occurring over Alabama. In
    coordination with BMX/Birmingham, AL forecast office, the Moderate
    Risk was expanded east across central Alabama with this update.
    Even once the low center passes, the air mass will be largely
    unchanged behind the low, as the tropical air mass will still be in
    place into the lower Mississippi Valley, thus, the low's cold front
    could continue to produce storms into southern Alabama into
    Thursday night.
    ...Ohio Valley...
    The northern edge of the deep tropical air mass supporting the
    tropical low to the south will bump up against a strong cold front
    that will be set up along the Ohio River on Thursday. As the
    plentiful moisture on southwesterly flow runs into the front,
    training thunderstorms are expected through much of Kentucky,
    particularly the southern half, Thursday afternoon and evening.
    This could lead to a prolonged period of heavy rain due to training
    and backbuilding thunderstorms over the region. For this reason, an
    internal higher-end Slight was issued for the southern 2/3 of the
    state. The Slight into the mid-Appalachians was trimmed on the
    northern side around Pittsburgh, PA due to less moisture making it
    that far north and east, and with the cold front over Kentucky
    concentrating the storms further west, coverage of storms into West
    Virginia also appears to have diminished in the guidance. Thus, the
    Slight was dropped to a lower-end Slight.
    At the western end of the front into southeastern Oklahoma and
    parts of Arkansas, an MCS may develop late Thursday night as the
    nocturnal jet intensifies. A Slight Risk was drawn in from far
    north Texas along the MO/AR border to the Mississippi/Ohio River
    confluence for expected slow-moving and training storms along much
    of the front, though the highest concentration of storms should be
    into southeastern Oklahoma.
    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026
    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND MID SOUTH ON DAY 4...
    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER THE PARTS OF
    THE MIDWEST ON DAY 5...
    2030Z Update...
    Most notable changes in the Day 4/5 period were confined to the Day
    5 period in the Midwest as deterministic and ensemble guidance
    shifted the axis of heaviest rainfall to a more northwest/southeast
    axis and a southward shift in the location of the maximum QPF. The previously-issued Slight Risk was expanded southward into Kansas
    and Missouri but only trimmed slightly on the north side to
    account for the possibility of more shifts in subsequent guidance
    runs. Farther south...the axis of the Day 4 ERO aligned well with
    the latest guidance. The northern portion was trimmed in deference
    to the latest QPF but left in place elsewhere given support from
    the ensembles.
    Bann
    Previous Discussion...
    Day 4's (Friday) Excessive Rainfall threat remains fixed across
    much of the South. The combination of the lingering disturbance,
    that may become a more formidable surface cyclone, will reside
    within an environment that contains >2.0" PWs over much of the
    Mid-South. Sufficient instability aloft will continue to support
    thunderstorms that can produce highly efficient rainfall rates.
    Much of the region will also have received a steady dousing of
    heavy rainfall during the work-week as well, priming soils for more
    potential flash flooding. Farther west, a shortwave trough over TX
    and the return of low-level SErly flow will introduce will
    reintroduce more Gulf moisture over central TX and as far west as
    southwest NM. The TX Hill Country is most prone to flash flooding,
    although some localized flash flooding over the Guadalupe and
    Sacramento mountains could also transpire.
    By Day 5 (Saturday), a potent 500mb shortwave trough over the Great
    Basin will race east towards the Northern Rockies around midday and
    reach the northern High Plains by Saturday night. As a cold front
    races south from Canada, a warm front lifting north through the
    Central Plains will deliver a plume of anomalous moisture and
    foster an increasingly unstable environment over the Midwest by
    late Saturday. While the exact placement of the developing
    thunderstorm activity varies by model, they all show a deepening
    surface low over the Central Plains and a strengthening LLJ that
    results in a >500 kg/m/s IVT field over the Midwest. Storms should
    be able to produce efficient rainfall rates thanks to a growing
    shield of >1.5" PWs over the MO River Valley, which does surpass
    the 90th climatological percentile. For these reasons, a Day 5
    Slight Risk was introduced. Farther south, a weakening frontal
    boundary and residual anomalous moisture aloft will help trigger
    additional storms from South TX on east across many of the Gulf
    Coast States. Given the South's increasingly sensitive soils and
    the presence of PWs hovering around 2.0", thunderstorms could
    produce localized flash flooding Saturday afternoon and evening.
    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6p9c6GtkJwAkp4-h4RcMEsg00M5HxuWweVqQYpEZstYM= noIMRNXoPXZ6VqeJ9UczP4VViAV9RvzddZ89Gvv40IP0jLo$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6p9c6GtkJwAkp4-h4RcMEsg00M5HxuWweVqQYpEZstYM= noIMRNXoPXZ6VqeJ9UczP4VViAV9RvzddZ89Gvv432L5vis$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6p9c6GtkJwAkp4-h4RcMEsg00M5HxuWweVqQYpEZstYM= noIMRNXoPXZ6VqeJ9UczP4VViAV9RvzddZ89Gvv4T43geQI$=20



    $$

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    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 17, 2026 00:58:22
    FOUS30 KWBC 170058
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    858 PM EDT Tue Jun 16 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE TEXAS GULF COAST THROUGH THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    01Z Update...
    Focus for excessive rainfall overnight continues to be along the
    Gulf coast states from Texas eastward into parts of Florida and
    Georgia. Main concern continues to over parts of Louisiana which
    lie along the the path of of Potential Tropical Cyclone One and
    where cyclonic flow around PTC 1 can enhance rainfall amounts by
    tapping and transporting Gulf moisture on-shore. Main changes in
    this outlook were to trim the northern portion of the higher
    categories. The latest deterministic and ensemble runs as well as
    the HREF and HRRR were struggling to develop QPF north of a quasi-
    stationary front extending from the southern Appalachians to
    northwest Arkansas and southwestward to the international border.

    Bann

    ...16z Update...
    Ongoing convection with rain rates of around 1-2"/hr, increasing
    trends on 24 hour rainfall totals as well as a consolidation in
    areal placement of max QPF support an elevated moderate risk area
    (at least 55% chance) of excessive rainfall over portions of
    central/southern Louisiana stretching into southwestern
    Mississippi. Otherwise, the western section of the outlook area
    remains mostly untouched. The presence of the tropical surface wave
    along the south Texas coast throughout the day maintains the
    possibility of scattered convection capable of high rain rates
    occurring.

    The latest CAMs continue to signal potential for diurnal convection
    capable of high QPF output over southeast Florida late this
    afternoon/evening. Therefore, the marginal risk area will be
    maintained.

    Kebede

    ...Previous Discussion...
    An impressive and dynamic setup with multiple mesoscale features
    is expected to develop through the day today from the Texas Gulf
    Coast through the lower Mississippi Valley. The most rainfall for
    the day will occur through this morning. A tropical disturbance
    over Deep South Texas will support the strengthening of the typical
    diurnal low level jet out over the Gulf, driving a plume of
    impressively deep tropical moisture northward into the Texas and
    Louisiana Gulf Coasts. Meanwhile, a stationary front currently
    over southern Arkansas and northern Mississippi will advance
    southward as a cold front due to a disturbance and push of cooler
    drier air south behind the front. This clash of air masses will
    result in continued upscale development of storms that have broken
    out over northern Louisiana through the overnight and into Tuesday
    morning. FFGs are already lower in many spots west from the western
    tip of Mississippi. This nearly stationary line of training storms
    is likely to persist well into the afternoon, which could make for
    a narrow but nevertheless severe area of very high totals of storm
    total rainfall, especially into western Mississippi. Guidance has
    suggested this narrow corridor, highlighted in much of the guidance
    since yesterday along the I-20 corridor has now shifted a few
    counties south, extending from Alexandria, LA east almost to
    Hattiesburg, MS. The inherited Moderate Risk for this area was
    trimmed on the north side both with the current start of convection
    in this corridor and the southward trend in the guidance.
    Meanwhile, a number of other pieces of CAMs guidance suggest that
    the showers and storms developing along the immediate coast roughly
    from Galveston/Trinity Bays east to Lafayette, LA will be the
    primary and dominant line of showers and storms impacting the
    northwestern Gulf Coast today. This line would from largely from
    sea breeze/frictional convergence of the strong onshore southerly
    flow into the coast. The front to the north may play a role in
    maintaining the storms where they are, but would likely play a
    secondary role. Should this line develop robustly, it will force
    the aforementioned line of storms over northern LA/southwest MS
    eastward, resulting in less rain over northern/central LA. Most
    likely there will be a combination of the two, with the east-
    northeastward moving storms along the southwest Louisiana coast
    continuing with the line to the northeast over western Mississippi.
    Once again the Moderate Risk here remains in place with few
    changes.

    Finally, further south along the Texas Gulf Coast, the larger
    synoptic level disturbance, responsible for the heavy rains and
    flash flooding over Deep South Texas yesterday will likely eject
    east into the Gulf today. As it does so, it will create localized
    bands of heavy rain along the Middle Texas Coast, which will then
    advect northeast to join the line east of Houston. This area from
    Corpus Christi to Houston remains the most uncertain portion of the
    Moderate Risk area, as a small south/east shift in the track of the
    disturbance will take the lion's share of the associated rainfall
    ahead of the low track out over the open Gulf, and greatly limit
    any rainfall today along the coast. The inherited Moderate Risk was
    trimmed completely south of Corpus Christi, with just a Slight
    along the immediate lower Texas Gulf Coast to account for ongoing
    rains in the area. The threat will shift off the coast by late this
    afternoon.
    With all three areas of heavy rain above, they will all diminish
    and dissipate as a significant heavy rain threat by this evening.
    Occasional showers and a storm or two may impact the immediate Gulf
    Coast through the overnight, but for the most part the heavy rain
    threat through tonight should be minimal.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE UPPER
    TEXAS GULF COAST THROUGH SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA AND NORTHEAST
    ILLINOIS INTO NORTHWEST INDIANA AND FAR SOUTHWESTERN MICHIGAN...
    ...2030z Update...
    ...Midwest...
    A moderate risk of excessive rainfall was introduced over the
    Chicago metro area and expanded out into portions of northwestern
    Indiana and far southwestern Michigan. Aloft, a upper level
    jetstreak will develop over the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes
    Wednesday afternoon where a mid-level shortwave vort max will pivot
    through the region. Anomalous moisture along with a modest pool of
    instability (500-1500 J/Kg) will stretch into the region from the
    south. A formidable low level jet (40-50 Kts) along a convergence
    axis at the surface could generate very efficient rain rates
    (0.5-1"/hr+) Wednesday afternoon/evening. HREF mean 24 hour
    probabilities of exceeding 3 and 5 inches in the 40 Km and EAS
    neighborhood probabilities respectively are around 15% on
    Wednesday.
    ...Gulf Coast...
    The moderate risk was expanded to include the New Orleans metro
    area to account for increasing risk of urban flash flooding and a
    eastward shift in max QPF since the previous issuance. The slight
    risk was also expanded eastward beyond Panama City Beach.
    Kebede
    ...Previous Discussion...
    ...Gulf Coast...
    An upper level shortwave disturbance over the northwestern Gulf
    will likely contribute to the development of a small surface low
    or surface trough along the Texas Gulf Coast on Wednesday. This
    disturbance will gradually track parallel to the coast towards the
    northeast, and move into southwestern Louisiana this evening. The
    exact track of the center of circulation will remain the
    distinctive factor determining how much rain penetrates inland
    along the Texas coast, including into the Houston Metro. Some of
    the CAMs guidance has trended west with the track of the low, which
    will prolong a period of heavy rain into Houston as cells ride
    northwestward ahead of the low in a small but very potent band of
    heavy rain. It will be potent not just because of the multiple
    sources of forcing for the heavy rain, but also the sheer amount of
    atmospheric moisture that will be available for the storms to tap
    into. PWATs will remain exceptionally high, likely peaking in the
    upper 2s as the low reaches its peak intensity this afternoon.
    While the predominant southerly flow will advect some instability
    into the low, extensive cloud cover will work against achieving
    heavy rainfall rates in many cases. The hydrology will become
    increasingly favorable for flash flooding even with less than
    optimal rainfall rates as prior days' rains combine with the new
    rainfall to continue lowering FFGs. The Moderate Risk was nudged
    west in coordination with HGX/Houston, TX forecast office to
    include all of the Houston Metro. Prolonged northwestward moving
    cells in a narrow band could easily start causing flash flooding
    problems over the Houston metro should the track optimize.
    Further east, there is more certainty with heavy rainfall rates
    impacting the area from Beaumont east into southwestern Louisiana.
    Southerly flow exactly orthogonal to the coast, frictional
    convergence, and then the low itself impacting the area from late
    in the day Wednesday through Wednesday night will all contribute to
    additional heavy rains over an area of Louisiana already hard hit
    from the current rain and expected rain in the area on Day 1. The
    Moderate Risk area was little changed from inherited in this area.
    Further north and east, the heavy rain threat will concentrate over
    the Wednesday night timeframe. As the low and associated upper
    level disturbance move into Louisiana, a leading band of heavy
    rain, oriented southwest to northeast, will overspread portions of
    central and eastern Louisiana and continue into western
    Mississippi. There is considerable uncertainty how far into
    Mississippi the heavy rain gets. But it will likely extend from the
    coast south of Lafayette northeast through Baton Rouge and into
    southwestern Mississippi. Here too, favorable hydrology due to wet
    soils from heavy rains from today/Day 1 will contribute to any
    resultant flash flooding. For now, this appears to stay west of New
    Orleans, but will likely be too close for comfort, and the New
    Orleans Metro could see occasional heavy rain from passing cells.
    ...Midwest...
    Very few changes were needed to the large Slight Risk across much
    of the Midwest on Wednesday. A strong and impressively potent low
    driving eastward from the Plains will run into increasing amounts
    of deep tropical moisture as it moves into the Great Lakes. This
    will contribute to increasing coverage of showers and storms, first
    with its warm front from Chicago east along Michigan's southern
    border, then followed very quickly in some areas by stronger storms
    associated with the low's cold front. Favorable hydrology from
    several bouts of heavy rain over the past week will support flash
    flooding development. However, this low and its associated storms
    will be racing eastward. Thus, duration of heavy rain will be very
    limiting in many areas. For the corridor forming the northern half
    of the Slight Risk area, heavy rain duration will be longer, as the
    warm front and associated elevated convection quickly followed by
    stronger convection with the cold front could allow for some areas
    to see multiple hours with interspersed heavy rain through the day.
    Instability may be more limited in this area however, so that will
    work against heavy rains.
    For the southern half of the Slight, there will be significantly
    more moisture and instability for the storms to work with as they
    race southeastward, so rainfall rates should be higher than further
    north. However, it's likely just the cold front's storms that will
    impact most areas, so it's one shot and done. Training and
    backbuilding won't be a concern until you get back into Missouri
    and Kansas. Once again, the soils remain wet in these areas, so it
    may be enough to get widely scattered instances of flash flooding,
    particularly in urban areas. As is typical this time of year, the
    cold front will hang up on its southern and western periphery, as
    it runs into the southwesterly low level jet. This will greatly
    extend the potential for heavy rain from southeastern Kansas
    through southern Missouri Wednesday night. These areas have also
    been hard hit with heavy rain in recent days, as well as the
    topography of the Ozarks, so the Slight remains in place there with
    few changes.
    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND SOUTHEAST...
    ...2030z Update...
    ...Lower Mississippi through central Georgia...
    The inherited moderate risk area was expanded south and east to
    include places like the Atlanta metro area, due to concerns of
    urban flash flooding. Models are still uncertain as to where
    exactly the heaviest rainfall will occur, however, antecedent
    rainfall should still support flash flooding in many parts of the
    Lower Mississippi Valley if convection/rain occurs.
    Kebede
    ...Previous Discussion...
    ...Lower Mississippi Valley through Central Alabama...
    The tropical low and its associated moisture are expected to start
    the Day 3 period over northern Louisiana or western Mississippi.
    The leading band of heavy rain will be ongoing from eastern
    Louisiana into southern Mississippi. The low will slowly drift
    eastward across Mississippi through the day, then gradually
    increase its forward speed Thursday night as it tracks east across
    Alabama and ends the period in northern Georgia. A very persistent
    heavy band of rain will remain south and east of the low center
    throughout the Day 3 period. This will focus the heaviest rains in
    the Moderate Risk corridor from central Louisiana through central
    Alabama. Prolonged southerly flow of the deep tropical moisture
    with PWATs to 2.5 inches will support development and redevelopment
    of convection ahead of the main band associated with the low. Thus,
    heavy rain with multiple inches of rain per hour rain rates are
    expected through the Moderate Risk area. Soils in Louisiana and
    Mississippi are already saturated now even before Days 1 and 2's
    rains. While some parts of central Alabama have dry soils, that
    should change as the soils are primed today/Day 1. Thus, by Day 3,
    the entire Moderate Risk area should have well wetter than normal
    soils. Thus, hydrology will play a big role in flash flood
    development. For western areas, nearly constant heavy rain in Days
    1-2 will make flooding into D3/Thursday very easy. Further east
    into Alabama, the southerly flow of deep tropical moisture will
    last longer as the low tracks eastward, so there will be a longer
    period where heavy rain may be occurring over Alabama. In
    coordination with BMX/Birmingham, AL forecast office, the Moderate
    Risk was expanded east across central Alabama with this update.
    Even once the low center passes, the air mass will be largely
    unchanged behind the low, as the tropical air mass will still be in
    place into the lower Mississippi Valley, thus, the low's cold front
    could continue to produce storms into southern Alabama into
    Thursday night.
    ...Ohio Valley...
    The northern edge of the deep tropical air mass supporting the
    tropical low to the south will bump up against a strong cold front
    that will be set up along the Ohio River on Thursday. As the
    plentiful moisture on southwesterly flow runs into the front,
    training thunderstorms are expected through much of Kentucky,
    particularly the southern half, Thursday afternoon and evening.
    This could lead to a prolonged period of heavy rain due to training
    and backbuilding thunderstorms over the region. For this reason, an
    internal higher-end Slight was issued for the southern 2/3 of the
    state. The Slight into the mid-Appalachians was trimmed on the
    northern side around Pittsburgh, PA due to less moisture making it
    that far north and east, and with the cold front over Kentucky
    concentrating the storms further west, coverage of storms into West
    Virginia also appears to have diminished in the guidance. Thus, the
    Slight was dropped to a lower-end Slight.
    At the western end of the front into southeastern Oklahoma and
    parts of Arkansas, an MCS may develop late Thursday night as the
    nocturnal jet intensifies. A Slight Risk was drawn in from far
    north Texas along the MO/AR border to the Mississippi/Ohio River
    confluence for expected slow-moving and training storms along much
    of the front, though the highest concentration of storms should be
    into southeastern Oklahoma.
    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026
    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND MID SOUTH ON DAY 4...
    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER THE PARTS OF
    THE MIDWEST ON DAY 5...
    2030Z Update...
    Most notable changes in the Day 4/5 period were confined to the Day
    5 period in the Midwest as deterministic and ensemble guidance
    shifted the axis of heaviest rainfall to a more northwest/southeast
    axis and a southward shift in the location of the maximum QPF. The previously-issued Slight Risk was expanded southward into Kansas
    and Missouri but only trimmed slightly on the north side to
    account for the possibility of more shifts in subsequent guidance
    runs. Farther south...the axis of the Day 4 ERO aligned well with
    the latest guidance. The northern portion was trimmed in deference
    to the latest QPF but left in place elsewhere given support from
    the ensembles.
    Bann
    Previous Discussion...
    Day 4's (Friday) Excessive Rainfall threat remains fixed across
    much of the South. The combination of the lingering disturbance,
    that may become a more formidable surface cyclone, will reside
    within an environment that contains >2.0" PWs over much of the
    Mid-South. Sufficient instability aloft will continue to support
    thunderstorms that can produce highly efficient rainfall rates.
    Much of the region will also have received a steady dousing of
    heavy rainfall during the work-week as well, priming soils for more
    potential flash flooding. Farther west, a shortwave trough over TX
    and the return of low-level SErly flow will introduce will
    reintroduce more Gulf moisture over central TX and as far west as
    southwest NM. The TX Hill Country is most prone to flash flooding,
    although some localized flash flooding over the Guadalupe and
    Sacramento mountains could also transpire.
    By Day 5 (Saturday), a potent 500mb shortwave trough over the Great
    Basin will race east towards the Northern Rockies around midday and
    reach the northern High Plains by Saturday night. As a cold front
    races south from Canada, a warm front lifting north through the
    Central Plains will deliver a plume of anomalous moisture and
    foster an increasingly unstable environment over the Midwest by
    late Saturday. While the exact placement of the developing
    thunderstorm activity varies by model, they all show a deepening
    surface low over the Central Plains and a strengthening LLJ that
    results in a >500 kg/m/s IVT field over the Midwest. Storms should
    be able to produce efficient rainfall rates thanks to a growing
    shield of >1.5" PWs over the MO River Valley, which does surpass
    the 90th climatological percentile. For these reasons, a Day 5
    Slight Risk was introduced. Farther south, a weakening frontal
    boundary and residual anomalous moisture aloft will help trigger
    additional storms from South TX on east across many of the Gulf
    Coast States. Given the South's increasingly sensitive soils and
    the presence of PWs hovering around 2.0", thunderstorms could
    produce localized flash flooding Saturday afternoon and evening.
    Mullinax
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5rn4GmVAdvxd_bElRfm0O0emYTQ_t5vMUXQC6Y6LJd9q= OqyjwZlL5qWEu1U4F0u7jW-f-Gm2y15xHh1LG-NL55mbmUw$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5rn4GmVAdvxd_bElRfm0O0emYTQ_t5vMUXQC6Y6LJd9q= OqyjwZlL5qWEu1U4F0u7jW-f-Gm2y15xHh1LG-NLMcnwLo4$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5rn4GmVAdvxd_bElRfm0O0emYTQ_t5vMUXQC6Y6LJd9q= OqyjwZlL5qWEu1U4F0u7jW-f-Gm2y15xHh1LG-NLsM44VA4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 17, 2026 08:23:06
    FOUS30 KWBC 170822
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    422 AM EDT Wed Jun 17 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE ARE MODERATE RISKS FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE
    CHIACAGOLAND REGION AS WELL AS FOR PORTIONS OF THE MISSISSIPPI
    DELTA...

    ...Chicagoland...

    A potent low racing out of the Plains and across the Great Lakes
    today will run into an increasingly moist air mass in place ahead
    of the low over the Midwest. As the low approaches the Chicagoland
    region late morning, convection will break out along the low's warm
    front extending east of the low center. The initial hit of rain
    with the warm front is unlikely to feature too much heavy rain,
    though embedded elevated convection could make for brief heavier
    downpours. Immediately behind the warm front, however, a surge of
    moisture and instability will fuel backbuilding thunderstorms
    during the afternoon ahead of a strong cold front trailing behind
    the low. These storms are progged by many of the CAMs to generate
    into several broken lines of storms as they cross northern Illinois
    and into northern Indiana and southern Michigan through the late afternoon/early evening. These storms will have ample forcing
    allowing them to organize into severe clusters of storms. They are
    likely to locally produce rainfall rates of up to 2 inches per hour
    where they backbuild. However, since the series of line segments
    will be sufficiently separated by much lighter or no rain, it seems
    any flash flooding that results from these storms will be more
    localized and less widespread. Further, as mentioned, the storms
    will be racing very quickly, likely moving at 40+ mph. This will
    greatly reduce the time any one area sees heavy rain, but since the
    lines are expected to align parallel to the windflow, those areas
    may see a bit longer time of heavy rainfall.

    Hydrologically, the Chicagoland area has seen several bouts of
    heavy rain in recent weeks that have left the soils above normal
    for moisture content as well as prone to flash flooding with
    sufficiently heavy rain. Of course, the large urban area of Chicago
    will also help to worsen any flash flooding that develops, so in
    those local areas where heavy rain overlaps with urban areas,
    locally considerable flash flooding is possible. Further east into
    Indiana, eastern Michigan, and eventually northwestern Ohio, the
    lines of storms this evening should align with the cold front and
    largely orthogonal to the flow. This should lower the flash
    flooding risk in these areas, despite similarly favorable
    hydrology.

    ...Mississippi Delta...

    The moisture plume of Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 (PTC1) will
    continue to slowly advect northeast across the northwestern Gulf
    and into southern Louisiana today into tonight. For much of the
    day, the heaviest rains will remain offshore, and except for
    occasional showers and an isolated storm or 2, much of the area
    should not contend with much heavy rain. That changes tonight as
    the center of circulation of what may be Tropical Storm Arthur
    moves ashore near the TX/LA border. All of the deep moisture will
    be east of the center of circulation, so that will direct the
    fire-hose of heavy rain into south-central Louisiana, from the
    Abbeville/New Iberia area northeast near Baton Rouge and into
    southern Mississippi after midnight. By that point, the diurnal
    strengthening of the nocturnal jet will function as the the primary
    driver of heavy rain as northeastward moving storms backbuild into
    the jet. The area from around Baton Rouge northeast to the north of
    Lake Pontchartrain and into far southern Mississippi is likely to
    be the corridor with the heaviest rain.

    There is considerable uncertainty first of the eastern extent of
    the axis of heaviest rain, particularly in relation to the New
    Orleans Metro. For now most of the guidance makes a very tight
    gradient of moisture, which most of the city remains on the drier
    side of. However, this axis of heaviest rain has been shifting
    east from model run to model run over the last couple days, which
    any further eastward drift would bring New Orleans right into the
    corridor of multiple-inch per hour rainfall for multiple hours.
    Regardless, even if New Orleans misses out on the heaviest
    rainfall, feeder bands of showers and storms could still cause
    localized flash flooding in the city. Thus, the Moderate Risk
    remains largely unchanged and includes New Orleans. More than a
    couple CAMs do bring strong cells over the city, which would very
    quickly lead to flooding problems.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...Southeast...

    Very heavy rain associated with what will be the remnants of PTC1
    will be ongoing at the start of the period over most of southern
    Mississippi and likely extending into southwestern Alabama. These
    storms will be fueled by a strong low level jet pumping deep
    tropical moisture into a corridor that covers much of the Moderate
    Risk area. By around midday, the rapidly increasing instability and
    the typical weakening of the low level jet will allow the
    widespread convection to transition into training lines of storms
    that track east with time, as the line gradually drifts south
    towards the greatest instability and moisture source that is the
    Gulf. Thus, the greatest focus of heaviest rain now appears to set
    up from southeastern Mississippi east across the southern tier of
    Alabama and far western Georgia. 3+ inch/hour rainfall rates from
    individual storms will combine with multiple hours of rain as the
    storms train along the east-west oriented lines. Storm total
    rainfall for the day could easily exceed 8 inches in spots. Mobile,
    AL will be the biggest city in the crosshairs of the heaviest
    rainfall.

    With this rather dramatic southward shift in the guidance of where
    the heaviest rainfall totals are expected, the Moderate Risk
    inherited was trimmed significantly on the north side, while
    expanded across southeast Alabama, the western Florida Panhandle,
    and far southwestern Georgia. The Moderate Risk was downgraded out
    of both the Birmingham and Atlanta metros as those areas see
    leftover heavy rains from the much more potent and heavy rain
    producing storms much closer to the Gulf Coast. Nonetheless,
    periodic convection and a long duration of light to moderate rain
    is still expected over those metros, so the higher-end Slight
    remains in effect. Convective coverage greatly decreases Thursday
    night over all of the Southeast, but isolated to widely scattered
    storms could persist through the night in some areas.

    ...Ohio/Tennessee Valleys...

    Further north from the Gulf Coast along the Ohio and Tennessee
    Valleys, a cold front will start the day following roughly parallel
    to the Ohio River. The front will slowly sink southward over
    Kentucky through the day. Meanwhile, daytime heating and
    unidirectional southwesterly flow ahead of the front is expected to
    generate a long line of storms. The storms will be training and
    backbuilding along the KY/TN border and extending into West
    Virginia. Guidance has shifted a bit further south, especially with
    the western end of the line, so the higher-end Slight now follows
    the entire length of the KY/TN border, and now includes Nashville,
    while the Ohio River has largely been removed from the risk area.
    With nightfall and the loss of daytime heating, the flash flooding
    risk from storms will also diminish.

    ...Arkansas/Oklahoma...

    On Thursday night, the westernmost extension of the low-level jet
    over Texas will run into the same stalled out front that extends
    east into Kentucky. This clash of air masses is likely to result in
    the development of an MCS over eastern Oklahoma, which will then
    propagate southeastward into western Arkansas. Here too the soils
    are wetter than normal from multiple bouts of heavy rain in recent
    weeks, so a Slight Risk remains in place over the area with few
    changes.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    SOUTHERN ALABAMA...

    ...Southeast...

    Any lull in heavy rainfall across southern Alabama from Thursday
    night behind the precipitation shield associated with the remnants
    of Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 will end in a hurry Friday morning
    as the cold front over the Tennessee Valley continues to press
    southward and runs into the ongoing southerly flow and low-level
    jet of deep tropical moisture from off the Gulf. The clash of these
    air masses looks to maximize over southern Alabama, where storms
    are likely to continue in some form or fashion for much of the day
    Friday. Assuming the multiple inches of rain from Thursday occurs
    in these same areas, the slightly lower storm total rain on Friday
    will make little difference for the flooding risk, as multiple
    inches of rain fall over the same areas very hard hit from
    Thursday. This very good overlap in the storm placement from
    Thursday to Friday necessitated a risk upgrade across southern
    Alabama for the Day 3/Friday period. Should this overlap continue
    to hold and the widespread multiple inches of rain with localized
    totals to double digits from Thursday occurs as forecast, it's
    entirely feasible that the hardest hit areas may need further
    upgrades to the flooding risk. Unfortunately the track record with
    the CAMs ensembles on maintaining continuity day to day on where
    the storms will occur is not very good, so any movement breaking
    the overlap will greatly improve the rather ominous flooding
    outlook for southern Alabama on Friday. Convective coverage over
    Alabama should diminish greatly Friday night as heavier rains to
    the west and the departing system to the east should put the state
    in a relative ridging pattern, allowing for a much needed break
    from the rainfall.

    ...Texas Hill Country...

    Southeasterly flow of deep moisture from off the Gulf will
    continue across much of Texas through the Day 3 period.
    Northwestward moving convection on the leading edge of the deep
    moisture will collide with storms that form along the dry line and
    the Mexican mountains Friday evening, resulting in MCS development
    that turns the storms back towards the best instability to the
    southeast. This should result in some areas seeing multiple rounds
    of heavy rain producing storms over the historically flash flood
    prone region of the Texas Hill Country. Thus, a Slight Risk area
    remains in effect for the region. Lesser amounts of rain are
    expected further east into north-central Texas and the Metroplex,
    so the Slight Risk inherited with downgraded in that area.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE OF CENTRAL PLAINS THROUGH THE MID MISSISSIPPI INTO THE LOWER
    OHIO VALLEY...

    Day 4...
    A well-defined 500mb shortwave trough will move from the Great
    Basin into the northern Rockies midday Saturday, reaching the
    northern High Plains by Saturday night. Ahead of a southward
    advancing Canadian cold front, a northward-lifting warm front
    across the central Plains will lead an anomalous moisture plume
    into an increasing unstable environment. While exact convective
    placement varies, the deterministic models remain in generally
    good agreement -- depicting a deepening surface low over the
    central Plains that will help to focus moisture along the leading
    edge of a strengthening low level jet. A deepening pool of
    moisture (PWs increasing to 1.5-2 inches) over central
    Nebraska/Kansas eastward into southwestern Iowa and western to
    central Missouri will support efficient rainfall rates. This ample
    moisture along with large- scale ascent afforded by mid-level
    shortwave and right- entrance region jet forcing will further
    encourage heavy rainfall and the potential for flash flooding
    across the region. Therefore, a Slight Risk was maintained across
    the region. Farther south, a weakening frontal boundary and
    residual tropical moisture will trigger additional thunderstorms
    from South Texas across the Gulf Coast. Localized flooding will
    likely remain a threat given the increasing sensitive soils.

    Day 5...
    Forecast confidence lowers notably heading into the latter half of
    the weekend as guidance begins to diverge on the track of the
    leading wave forming over the central Plains on Day 4. Notably, the
    ECMWF offers one of the more northerly solutions compared to other
    guidance. Beyond the primary wave's track from the Midwest into the
    East, considerable model spread exists regarding the timing of the
    trailing front and subsequent wave and storm development. With the
    continuation of ample moisture, instability, and strong forcing
    areas of heavy rainfall and flash flooding appear likely. Given
    the model spread, the outlook area, including a Slight Risk
    extending from the lower Missouri to the lower Ohio Valley, relied
    most heavily on a multi-model ensemble mean.

    Pereira
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!65T-WK4Qt4aYoClzjL2ghevCfPN70cQ3w5Q5yooJYlMT= wIzhGc3w3IKX6WkEAwxshzOaPNksRe0iheim4eraObEaAEk$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!65T-WK4Qt4aYoClzjL2ghevCfPN70cQ3w5Q5yooJYlMT= wIzhGc3w3IKX6WkEAwxshzOaPNksRe0iheim4eramuc0T_w$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!65T-WK4Qt4aYoClzjL2ghevCfPN70cQ3w5Q5yooJYlMT= wIzhGc3w3IKX6WkEAwxshzOaPNksRe0iheim4eraCm9ayVM$=20



    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 17, 2026 15:56:46
    FOUS30 KWBC 171556
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1156 AM EDT Wed Jun 17 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE ARE MODERATE RISKS FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF ILLINOIS/INDIANA AS WELL AS THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA...

    ...1600 UTC Update...

    The Moderate Risk in the Midwest has been shifted south based on=20
    current observational trends and the latest 12Z hi-res guidance=20
    with regards to an ongoing MCS over northern Illinois. This will=20
    likely limit the northward progression of the warm front/effective=20
    outflow into the afternoon hours bringing the greatest threat for=20
    heavy rainfall/flash flooding along a west-northwest to east-=20
    southeast axis through central Illinois into central Indiana. This=20
    includes both the more intense storms on the southern/southwest end
    of the ongoing MCS able to tap into greater moisture/instability=20
    along the warm front as well as for additional storm development=20
    that will focus along the warm front/effective outlfow. Repeated=20 development/potential training of robust, heavy rainfall producing=20
    storms (rainfall rates ~ 2 inches/hour) leading to totals of 3-5",=20
    locally as high as 6-7", will pose a threat for scattered to=20
    widespread incidents of flash flooding.

    Further south, the Moderate/Slight Risk areas have also been=20
    minimally adjusted based on the latest 12Z guidance along and east=20
    of the track of what is now Tropical Storm Arthur. Plentiful=20
    tropical moisture will support additional rainfall totals of 3-5"=20
    with localized amounts as high as 6-10". The highest totals look to
    focus along a corridor within southeastern Louisiana generally=20
    between Baton Rouge and New Orleans where the greatest threat for=20
    more widespread instances of flash flooding will exist.

    Putnam

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Chicagoland...

    A potent low racing out of the Plains and across the Great Lakes
    today will run into an increasingly moist air mass in place ahead
    of the low over the Midwest. As the low approaches the Chicagoland
    region late morning, convection will break out along the low's warm
    front extending east of the low center. The initial hit of rain
    with the warm front is unlikely to feature too much heavy rain,
    though embedded elevated convection could make for brief heavier
    downpours. Immediately behind the warm front, however, a surge of
    moisture and instability will fuel backbuilding thunderstorms
    during the afternoon ahead of a strong cold front trailing behind
    the low. These storms are progged by many of the CAMs to generate
    into several broken lines of storms as they cross northern Illinois
    and into northern Indiana and southern Michigan through the late afternoon/early evening. These storms will have ample forcing
    allowing them to organize into severe clusters of storms. They are
    likely to produce localy heavy rainfall rates of up to 2 inches
    per hour where they backbuild. However, since the series of line
    segments will be sufficiently separated by much lighter or no rain,
    it seems any flash flooding that results from these storms will be
    more localized and less widespread. Further, as mentioned, the
    storms will be racing very quickly, likely moving at 40+ mph. This
    will greatly reduce the time any one area sees heavy rain, but
    since the lines are expected to align parallel to the windflow,
    those areas may see a bit longer time of heavy rainfall.

    Hydrologically, the Chicagoland area has seen several bouts of
    heavy rain in recent weeks that have left the soils above normal
    for moisture content as well as prone to flash flooding with
    sufficiently heavy rain. Of course, the large urban area of Chicago
    will also help to worsen any flash flooding that develops, so in
    those local areas where heavy rain overlaps with urban areas,
    locally considerable flash flooding is possible. Further east into
    Indiana, eastern Michigan, and eventually northwestern Ohio, the
    lines of storms this evening should align with the cold front and
    largely orthogonal to the flow. This should lower the flash
    flooding risk in these areas, despite similarly favorable
    hydrology.

    ...Mississippi Delta...

    The moisture plume of Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 (PTC1) will
    continue to slowly advect northeast across the northwestern Gulf
    and into southern Louisiana today into tonight. For much of the
    day, the heaviest rains will remain offshore, and except for
    occasional showers and an isolated storm or 2, much of the area
    should not contend with much heavy rain. That changes tonight as
    the center of circulation of what may be Tropical Storm Arthur
    moves ashore near the TX/LA border. All of the deep moisture will
    be east of the center of circulation, so that will direct the
    fire-hose of heavy rain into south-central Louisiana, from the
    Abbeville/New Iberia area northeast near Baton Rouge and into
    southern Mississippi after midnight. By that point, the diurnal
    strengthening of the nocturnal jet will function as the the primary
    driver of heavy rain as northeastward moving storms backbuild into
    the jet. The area from around Baton Rouge northeast to the north of
    Lake Pontchartrain and into far southern Mississippi is likely to
    be the corridor with the heaviest rain.

    There is considerable uncertainty first of the eastern extent of
    the axis of heaviest rain, particularly in relation to the New
    Orleans Metro. For now most of the guidance makes a very tight
    gradient of moisture, which most of the city remains on the drier
    side of. However, this axis of heaviest rain has been shifting
    east from model run to model run over the last couple days, which
    any further eastward drift would bring New Orleans right into the
    corridor of multiple-inch per hour rainfall for multiple hours.
    Regardless, even if New Orleans misses out on the heaviest
    rainfall, feeder bands of showers and storms could still cause
    localized flash flooding in the city. Thus, the Moderate Risk
    remains largely unchanged and includes New Orleans. More than a
    couple CAMs do bring strong cells over the city, which would very
    quickly lead to flooding problems.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...Southeast...

    Very heavy rain associated with what will be the remnants of PTC1
    will be ongoing at the start of the period over most of southern
    Mississippi and likely extending into southwestern Alabama. These
    storms will be fueled by a strong low level jet pumping deep
    tropical moisture into a corridor that covers much of the Moderate
    Risk area. By around midday, the rapidly increasing instability and
    the typical weakening of the low level jet will allow the
    widespread convection to transition into training lines of storms
    that track east with time, as the line gradually drifts south
    towards the greatest instability and moisture source that is the
    Gulf. Thus, the greatest focus of heaviest rain now appears to set
    up from southeastern Mississippi east across the southern tier of
    Alabama and far western Georgia. 3+ inch/hour rainfall rates from
    individual storms will combine with multiple hours of rain as the
    storms train along the east-west oriented lines. Storm total
    rainfall for the day could easily exceed 8 inches in spots. Mobile,
    AL will be the biggest city in the crosshairs of the heaviest
    rainfall.

    With this rather dramatic southward shift in the guidance of where
    the heaviest rainfall totals are expected, the Moderate Risk
    inherited was trimmed significantly on the north side, while
    expanded across southeast Alabama, the western Florida Panhandle,
    and far southwestern Georgia. The Moderate Risk was downgraded out
    of both the Birmingham and Atlanta metros as those areas see
    leftover heavy rains from the much more potent and heavy rain
    producing storms much closer to the Gulf Coast. Nonetheless,
    periodic convection and a long duration of light to moderate rain
    is still expected over those metros, so the higher-end Slight
    remains in effect. Convective coverage greatly decreases Thursday
    night over all of the Southeast, but isolated to widely scattered
    storms could persist through the night in some areas.

    ...Ohio/Tennessee Valleys...

    Further north from the Gulf Coast along the Ohio and Tennessee
    Valleys, a cold front will start the day following roughly parallel
    to the Ohio River. The front will slowly sink southward over
    Kentucky through the day. Meanwhile, daytime heating and
    unidirectional southwesterly flow ahead of the front is expected to
    generate a long line of storms. The storms will be training and
    backbuilding along the KY/TN border and extending into West
    Virginia. Guidance has shifted a bit further south, especially with
    the western end of the line, so the higher-end Slight now follows
    the entire length of the KY/TN border, and now includes Nashville,
    while the Ohio River has largely been removed from the risk area.
    With nightfall and the loss of daytime heating, the flash flooding
    risk from storms will also diminish.

    ...Arkansas/Oklahoma...

    On Thursday night, the westernmost extension of the low-level jet
    over Texas will run into the same stalled out front that extends
    east into Kentucky. This clash of air masses is likely to result in
    the development of an MCS over eastern Oklahoma, which will then
    propagate southeastward into western Arkansas. Here too the soils
    are wetter than normal from multiple bouts of heavy rain in recent
    weeks, so a Slight Risk remains in place over the area with few
    changes.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    SOUTHERN ALABAMA...

    ...Southeast...

    Any lull in heavy rainfall across southern Alabama from Thursday
    night behind the precipitation shield associated with the remnants
    of Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 will end in a hurry Friday morning
    as the cold front over the Tennessee Valley continues to press
    southward and runs into the ongoing southerly flow and low-level
    jet of deep tropical moisture from off the Gulf. The clash of these
    air masses looks to maximize over southern Alabama, where storms
    are likely to continue in some form or fashion for much of the day
    Friday. Assuming the multiple inches of rain from Thursday occurs
    in these same areas, the slightly lower storm total rain on Friday
    will make little difference for the flooding risk, as multiple
    inches of rain fall over the same areas very hard hit from
    Thursday. This very good overlap in the storm placement from
    Thursday to Friday necessitated a risk upgrade across southern
    Alabama for the Day 3/Friday period. Should this overlap continue
    to hold and the widespread multiple inches of rain with localized
    totals to double digits from Thursday occurs as forecast, it's
    entirely feasible that the hardest hit areas may need further
    upgrades to the flooding risk. Unfortunately the track record with
    the CAMs ensembles on maintaining continuity day to day on where
    the storms will occur is not very good, so any movement breaking
    the overlap will greatly improve the rather ominous flooding
    outlook for southern Alabama on Friday. Convective coverage over
    Alabama should diminish greatly Friday night as heavier rains to
    the west and the departing system to the east should put the state
    in a relative ridging pattern, allowing for a much needed break
    from the rainfall.

    ...Texas Hill Country...

    Southeasterly flow of deep moisture from off the Gulf will
    continue across much of Texas through the Day 3 period.
    Northwestward moving convection on the leading edge of the deep
    moisture will collide with storms that form along the dry line and
    the Mexican mountains Friday evening, resulting in MCS development
    that turns the storms back towards the best instability to the
    southeast. This should result in some areas seeing multiple rounds
    of heavy rain producing storms over the historically flash flood
    prone region of the Texas Hill Country. Thus, a Slight Risk area
    remains in effect for the region. Lesser amounts of rain are
    expected further east into north-central Texas and the Metroplex,
    so the Slight Risk inherited with downgraded in that area.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE OF CENTRAL PLAINS THROUGH THE MID MISSISSIPPI INTO THE LOWER
    OHIO VALLEY...

    Day 4...
    A well-defined 500mb shortwave trough will move from the Great
    Basin into the northern Rockies midday Saturday, reaching the
    northern High Plains by Saturday night. Ahead of a southward
    advancing Canadian cold front, a northward-lifting warm front
    across the central Plains will lead an anomalous moisture plume
    into an increasing unstable environment. While exact convective
    placement varies, the deterministic models remain in generally
    good agreement -- depicting a deepening surface low over the
    central Plains that will help to focus moisture along the leading
    edge of a strengthening low level jet. A deepening pool of
    moisture (PWs increasing to 1.5-2 inches) over central
    Nebraska/Kansas eastward into southwestern Iowa and western to
    central Missouri will support efficient rainfall rates. This ample
    moisture along with large- scale ascent afforded by mid-level
    shortwave and right- entrance region jet forcing will further
    encourage heavy rainfall and the potential for flash flooding
    across the region. Therefore, a Slight Risk was maintained across
    the region. Farther south, a weakening frontal boundary and
    residual tropical moisture will trigger additional thunderstorms
    from South Texas across the Gulf Coast. Localized flooding will
    likely remain a threat given the increasing sensitive soils.

    Day 5...
    Forecast confidence lowers notably heading into the latter half of
    the weekend as guidance begins to diverge on the track of the
    leading wave forming over the central Plains on Day 4. Notably, the
    ECMWF offers one of the more northerly solutions compared to other
    guidance. Beyond the primary wave's track from the Midwest into the
    East, considerable model spread exists regarding the timing of the
    trailing front and subsequent wave and storm development. With the
    continuation of ample moisture, instability, and strong forcing
    areas of heavy rainfall and flash flooding appear likely. Given
    the model spread, the outlook area, including a Slight Risk
    extending from the lower Missouri to the lower Ohio Valley, relied
    most heavily on a multi-model ensemble mean.

    Pereira
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-l_WUC5ypB-iAI_H0llli5E68vABVm-F3RYA58LkiARe= tEDs75B1a_JJzyKRV4XD5Ykk7GwyyjyJ2b_8pM0ChOb5DKE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-l_WUC5ypB-iAI_H0llli5E68vABVm-F3RYA58LkiARe= tEDs75B1a_JJzyKRV4XD5Ykk7GwyyjyJ2b_8pM0CYGc7FlA$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-l_WUC5ypB-iAI_H0llli5E68vABVm-F3RYA58LkiARe= tEDs75B1a_JJzyKRV4XD5Ykk7GwyyjyJ2b_8pM0Csa0381w$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 17, 2026 20:13:54
    FOUS30 KWBC 172013
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    413 PM EDT Wed Jun 17 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Wed Jun 17 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE ARE MODERATE RISKS FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF ILLINOIS/INDIANA AS WELL AS THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA...

    ...1600 UTC Update...

    The Moderate Risk in the Midwest has been shifted south based on
    current observational trends and the latest 12Z hi-res guidance
    with regards to an ongoing MCS over northern Illinois. This will
    likely limit the northward progression of the warm front/effective
    outflow into the afternoon hours bringing the greatest threat for
    heavy rainfall/flash flooding along a west-northwest to east-
    southeast axis through central Illinois into central Indiana. This
    includes both the more intense storms on the southern/southwest end
    of the ongoing MCS able to tap into greater moisture/instability
    along the warm front as well as for additional storm development
    that will focus along the warm front/effective outflow. Repeated development/potential training of robust, heavy rainfall producing
    storms (rainfall rates ~ 2 inches/hour) leading to totals of 3-5",
    locally as high as 6-7", will pose a threat for scattered to
    widespread incidents of flash flooding.

    Further south, the Moderate/Slight Risk areas have also been
    minimally adjusted based on the latest 12Z guidance along and east
    of the track of what is now Tropical Storm Arthur. Plentiful
    tropical moisture will support additional rainfall totals of 3-5"
    with localized amounts as high as 6-10". The highest totals look to
    focus along a corridor within southeastern Louisiana generally
    between Baton Rouge and New Orleans where the greatest threat for
    more widespread instances of flash flooding will exist.

    Putnam

    Southwest United States...
    Another round of isolated late day and evening thunderstorms
    capable of producing locally heavy rainfall is possible. Given low
    level moisture being capped by broad but fairly weak subsidence
    associated with an upper high...the expectation is for any
    convection to develop over or near the complex terrain which would
    act as localized heat sources. As such...loss of daytime heating
    should lead to fairly quick dissipation following sunset.

    Bann

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Chicagoland...

    A potent low racing out of the Plains and across the Great Lakes
    today will run into an increasingly moist air mass in place ahead
    of the low over the Midwest. As the low approaches the Chicagoland
    region late morning, convection will break out along the low's warm
    front extending east of the low center. The initial hit of rain
    with the warm front is unlikely to feature too much heavy rain,
    though embedded elevated convection could make for brief heavier
    downpours. Immediately behind the warm front, however, a surge of
    moisture and instability will fuel backbuilding thunderstorms
    during the afternoon ahead of a strong cold front trailing behind
    the low. These storms are progged by many of the CAMs to generate
    into several broken lines of storms as they cross northern Illinois
    and into northern Indiana and southern Michigan through the late afternoon/early evening. These storms will have ample forcing
    allowing them to organize into severe clusters of storms. They are
    likely to produce locally heavy rainfall rates of up to 2 inches
    per hour where they backbuild. However, since the series of line
    segments will be sufficiently separated by much lighter or no rain,
    it seems any flash flooding that results from these storms will be
    more localized and less widespread. Further, as mentioned, the
    storms will be racing very quickly, likely moving at 40+ mph. This
    will greatly reduce the time any one area sees heavy rain, but
    since the lines are expected to align parallel to the windflow,
    those areas may see a bit longer time of heavy rainfall.
    Hydrologically, the Chicagoland area has seen several bouts of
    heavy rain in recent weeks that have left the soils above normal
    for moisture content as well as prone to flash flooding with
    sufficiently heavy rain. Of course, the large urban area of Chicago
    will also help to worsen any flash flooding that develops, so in
    those local areas where heavy rain overlaps with urban areas,
    locally considerable flash flooding is possible. Further east into
    Indiana, eastern Michigan, and eventually northwestern Ohio, the
    lines of storms this evening should align with the cold front and
    largely orthogonal to the flow. This should lower the flash
    flooding risk in these areas, despite similarly favorable
    hydrology.

    ...Mississippi Delta...

    The moisture plume of Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 (PTC1) will
    continue to slowly advect northeast across the northwestern Gulf
    and into southern Louisiana today into tonight. For much of the
    day, the heaviest rains will remain offshore, and except for
    occasional showers and an isolated storm or 2, much of the area
    should not contend with much heavy rain. That changes tonight as
    the center of circulation of what may be Tropical Storm Arthur
    moves ashore near the TX/LA border. All of the deep moisture will
    be east of the center of circulation, so that will direct the
    fire-hose of heavy rain into south-central Louisiana, from the
    Abbeville/New Iberia area northeast near Baton Rouge and into
    southern Mississippi after midnight. By that point, the diurnal
    strengthening of the nocturnal jet will function as the the primary
    driver of heavy rain as northeastward moving storms backbuild into
    the jet. The area from around Baton Rouge northeast to the north of
    Lake Pontchartrain and into far southern Mississippi is likely to
    be the corridor with the heaviest rain.
    There is considerable uncertainty first of the eastern extent of
    the axis of heaviest rain, particularly in relation to the New
    Orleans Metro. For now most of the guidance makes a very tight
    gradient of moisture, which most of the city remains on the drier
    side of. However, this axis of heaviest rain has been shifting
    east from model run to model run over the last couple days, which
    any further eastward drift would bring New Orleans right into the
    corridor of multiple-inch per hour rainfall for multiple hours.
    Regardless, even if New Orleans misses out on the heaviest
    rainfall, feeder bands of showers and storms could still cause
    localized flash flooding in the city. Thus, the Moderate Risk
    remains largely unchanged and includes New Orleans. More than a
    couple CAMs do bring strong cells over the city, which would very
    quickly lead to flooding problems.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...2030 UTC Update...

    Only a few minor areal adjustments were made to the inherited risk
    areas with the prior forecast reasoning remaining on track for the
    Southeast, Ohio/Tennessee Valleys, and areas further west into Arkansas/Oklahoma. The most notable was to expand the Moderate Risk
    back northeast a bit to include metro Atlanta. While rain totals
    in the hi-res guidance tend to be lower overall further north than
    the noted shift south overnight, the expected track of the
    remnants of what is now Tropical Storm Arthur will pass very close
    to the region. This will bring intense low-level flow (50 kts+) and
    high PWATs (2-3") northward which could lead to some more intense
    rainfall and heavier totals than currently depicted in the
    guidance, and at least some of the hi-res runs showed the potential
    for totals of 3-4". The urban area will also remain more sensitive
    compared to elsewhere even if totals do not match some of the
    higher end amounts anticipated further south. Otherwise, the rest
    of the region was left mostly untouched. The latest 12Z hi-res
    guidance depicted the potential for significant rainfall totals
    particularly across southern portions of the Moderate Risk area
    (southern Alabama into the western FLorida Panhandle), with areal
    average totals in the 4-5" range and locally higher totals as much
    as 6-10", more than sufficient for scattered to widespread flash
    flooding. The HREF and RRFS both showed moderate probabilities
    (40-60%) for totals of greater than 8 inches. One other adjustment
    was to extend the Marginal Risk further westward across the
    southern Plains into portions of the Texas Panhandle and eastern
    New Mexico where afternoon/evening storms ahead of a sagging cold
    front could bring a couple heavier downpours and possibly some
    isolated flooding concerns within cities.

    Putnam

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast...

    Very heavy rain associated with what will be the remnants of PTC1
    will be ongoing at the start of the period over most of southern
    Mississippi and likely extending into southwestern Alabama. These
    storms will be fueled by a strong low level jet pumping deep
    tropical moisture into a corridor that covers much of the Moderate
    Risk area. By around midday, the rapidly increasing instability and
    the typical weakening of the low level jet will allow the
    widespread convection to transition into training lines of storms
    that track east with time, as the line gradually drifts south
    towards the greatest instability and moisture source that is the
    Gulf. Thus, the greatest focus of heaviest rain now appears to set
    up from southeastern Mississippi east across the southern tier of
    Alabama and far western Georgia. 3+ inch/hour rainfall rates from
    individual storms will combine with multiple hours of rain as the
    storms train along the east-west oriented lines. Storm total
    rainfall for the day could easily exceed 8 inches in spots. Mobile,
    AL will be the biggest city in the crosshairs of the heaviest
    rainfall.

    With this rather dramatic southward shift in the guidance of where
    the heaviest rainfall totals are expected, the Moderate Risk
    inherited was trimmed significantly on the north side, while
    expanded across southeast Alabama, the western Florida Panhandle,
    and far southwestern Georgia. The Moderate Risk was downgraded out
    of both the Birmingham and Atlanta metros as those areas see
    leftover heavy rains from the much more potent and heavy rain
    producing storms much closer to the Gulf Coast. Nonetheless,
    periodic convection and a long duration of light to moderate rain
    is still expected over those metros, so the higher-end Slight
    remains in effect. Convective coverage greatly decreases Thursday
    night over all of the Southeast, but isolated to widely scattered
    storms could persist through the night in some areas.

    ...Ohio/Tennessee Valleys...

    Further north from the Gulf Coast along the Ohio and Tennessee
    Valleys, a cold front will start the day following roughly parallel
    to the Ohio River. The front will slowly sink southward over
    Kentucky through the day. Meanwhile, daytime heating and
    unidirectional southwesterly flow ahead of the front is expected to
    generate a long line of storms. The storms will be training and
    backbuilding along the KY/TN border and extending into West
    Virginia. Guidance has shifted a bit further south, especially with
    the western end of the line, so the higher-end Slight now follows
    the entire length of the KY/TN border, and now includes Nashville,
    while the Ohio River has largely been removed from the risk area.
    With nightfall and the loss of daytime heating, the flash flooding
    risk from storms will also diminish.

    ...Arkansas/Oklahoma...

    On Thursday night, the westernmost extension of the low-level jet
    over Texas will run into the same stalled out front that extends
    east into Kentucky. This clash of air masses is likely to result in
    the development of an MCS over eastern Oklahoma, which will then
    propagate southeastward into western Arkansas. Here too the soils
    are wetter than normal from multiple bouts of heavy rain in recent
    weeks, so a Slight Risk remains in place over the area with few
    changes.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    SOUTHERN ALABAMA...

    ...2030 UTC Update...

    Only very minimal areal changes were made to the inherited risk
    areas as the prior forecast is consistent with the latest 00/12Z
    guidance for both the Southeast as well as central/western Texas.
    Rainfall totals across the Moderate/Slight Risk areas in the
    Southeast will likely be down overall compared to Thursday as the
    remnants of what is now Tropical Storm Arthur depart the region.
    However, the region will remain much more susceptible to
    additional rainfall given the amounts expected Thursday,
    particularly for those in the Moderate Risk area across southern
    Alabama into the Florida Panhandle which overlaps Thursday's risk
    area. It likely will not take much to lead to additional flash
    flooding as well as exacerbate any ongoing flooding.

    Putnam

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast...

    Any lull in heavy rainfall across southern Alabama from Thursday
    night behind the precipitation shield associated with the remnants
    of Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 will end in a hurry Friday morning
    as the cold front over the Tennessee Valley continues to press
    southward and runs into the ongoing southerly flow and low-level
    jet of deep tropical moisture from off the Gulf. The clash of these
    air masses looks to maximize over southern Alabama, where storms
    are likely to continue in some form or fashion for much of the day
    Friday. Assuming the multiple inches of rain from Thursday occurs
    in these same areas, the slightly lower storm total rain on Friday
    will make little difference for the flooding risk, as multiple
    inches of rain fall over the same areas very hard hit from
    Thursday. This very good overlap in the storm placement from
    Thursday to Friday necessitated a risk upgrade across southern
    Alabama for the Day 3/Friday period. Should this overlap continue
    to hold and the widespread multiple inches of rain with localized
    totals to double digits from Thursday occurs as forecast, it's
    entirely feasible that the hardest hit areas may need further
    upgrades to the flooding risk. Unfortunately the track record with
    the CAMs ensembles on maintaining continuity day to day on where
    the storms will occur is not very good, so any movement breaking
    the overlap will greatly improve the rather ominous flooding
    outlook for southern Alabama on Friday. Convective coverage over
    Alabama should diminish greatly Friday night as heavier rains to
    the west and the departing system to the east should put the state
    in a relative ridging pattern, allowing for a much needed break
    from the rainfall.

    ...Texas Hill Country...

    Southeasterly flow of deep moisture from off the Gulf will
    continue across much of Texas through the Day 3 period.
    Northwestward moving convection on the leading edge of the deep
    moisture will collide with storms that form along the dry line and
    the Mexican mountains Friday evening, resulting in MCS development
    that turns the storms back towards the best instability to the
    southeast. This should result in some areas seeing multiple rounds
    of heavy rain producing storms over the historically flash flood
    prone region of the Texas Hill Country. Thus, a Slight Risk area
    remains in effect for the region. Lesser amounts of rain are
    expected further east into north-central Texas and the Metroplex,
    so the Slight Risk inherited with downgraded in that area.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE OF CENTRAL PLAINS THROUGH THE MID MISSISSIPPI INTO THE LOWER
    OHIO VALLEY...

    ...2030Z Update...

    The daytime runs of the deterministic models and the ensemble
    guidance continued to focus on the Central Plains on Day 4 and
    in/near the Mid-Mississippi Valley on Day 5 as having the highest
    probability for excessive rainfall. Even though there were some run
    to run adjustments...the placement of the outlook areas were consistent
    and well covered by the on-going outlook. Few changes were made
    this cycle.

    Bann

    Day 4...

    A well-defined 500mb shortwave trough will move from the Great
    Basin into the northern Rockies midday Saturday, reaching the
    northern High Plains by Saturday night. Ahead of a southward
    advancing Canadian cold front, a northward-lifting warm front
    across the central Plains will lead an anomalous moisture plume
    into an increasing unstable environment. While exact convective
    placement varies, the deterministic models remain in generally
    good agreement -- depicting a deepening surface low over the
    central Plains that will help to focus moisture along the leading
    edge of a strengthening low level jet. A deepening pool of
    moisture (PWs increasing to 1.5-2 inches) over central
    Nebraska/Kansas eastward into southwestern Iowa and western to
    central Missouri will support efficient rainfall rates. This ample
    moisture along with large- scale ascent afforded by mid-level
    shortwave and right- entrance region jet forcing will further
    encourage heavy rainfall and the potential for flash flooding
    across the region. Therefore, a Slight Risk was maintained across
    the region. Farther south, a weakening frontal boundary and
    residual tropical moisture will trigger additional thunderstorms
    from South Texas across the Gulf Coast. Localized flooding will
    likely remain a threat given the increasing sensitive soils.

    Day 5...=20

    Forecast confidence lowers notably heading into the
    latter half of the weekend as guidance begins to diverge on the
    track of the leading wave forming over the central Plains on Day 4.
    Notably, the ECMWF offers one of the more northerly solutions
    compared to other guidance. Beyond the primary wave's track from
    the Midwest into the East, considerable model spread exists
    regarding the timing of the trailing front and subsequent wave and
    storm development. With the continuation of ample moisture,
    instability, and strong forcing areas of heavy rainfall and flash
    flooding appear likely. Given the model spread, the outlook area,
    including a Slight Risk extending from the lower Missouri to the
    lower Ohio Valley, relied most heavily on a multi-model ensemble
    mean.

    Pereira
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7wcIAar4-cV5emFCBRjOyv7KCofT-6Ti99YfH5Ts9ZCA= XqdmgCzEFmYBJSQmtKIbGmkyxk3lDWEhIoqW37zFsFkB1cE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7wcIAar4-cV5emFCBRjOyv7KCofT-6Ti99YfH5Ts9ZCA= XqdmgCzEFmYBJSQmtKIbGmkyxk3lDWEhIoqW37zFaYPMfe4$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7wcIAar4-cV5emFCBRjOyv7KCofT-6Ti99YfH5Ts9ZCA= XqdmgCzEFmYBJSQmtKIbGmkyxk3lDWEhIoqW37zFEqI5vi4$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 18, 2026 00:57:14
    FOUS30 KWBC 180057
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    857 PM EDT Wed Jun 17 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026

    ...THERE ARE MODERATE RISKS FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF ILLINOIS/INDIANA AS WELL AS THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA...

    01Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion Update...
    Heavy to excessive rainfall still expected during the overnight
    hours along the Gulf coast as moisture transport continues from the
    Gulf and interacts with a variety of forcings including an MCV
    associated with a circulation east of Arthur. A quick look at
    soundings showed CAPE values in the 2000 to 3000 J per kg range
    with precipitable water values running 2.3 to 2.6 inches. The
    resulting rainfall rates of 1 to 1.5 inches per hour per the KHDC
    88D. Suspect the HRRR runs from late afternoon were a bit too far
    to the west based on latest radar and satellite imagery so
    maintained the Moderate risk area without change given the other
    guidance. Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0439 was valid until
    18/0600Z.

    The Moderate Risk area over portions of Midwest/Upper Midwest and
    Great Lakes region and surrounding Slight/Marginal risk areas were
    removed in the wake of an advancing cold front given the amount of
    dry air being advected into the region. With convection remaining
    active from eastern Kansas and southwest Missouri into the Ohio
    Valley...the risk of excessive rainfall persists into the overnight
    hours. There was some moderate rainfall associated with a channeled
    mid-level jet from Minnesota into Wisconsin/extreme northern
    Illinois with flooding concern. The concern arises from the soils
    being primed by rainfall in the past couple of days and not so much
    by blockbuster rainfall rates.

    Southwest United States...
    Given low level moisture being capped by broad but fairly weak
    subsidence associated with an upper high...the expectation is for
    any on-going convection over Arizona or New Mexico should weaken
    and dissipate quickly with the loss of daytime heating.

    Bann
    ...1600 UTC Update...
    The Moderate Risk in the Midwest has been shifted south based on
    current observational trends and the latest 12Z hi-res guidance
    with regards to an ongoing MCS over northern Illinois. This will
    likely limit the northward progression of the warm front/effective
    outflow into the afternoon hours bringing the greatest threat for
    heavy rainfall/flash flooding along a west-northwest to east-
    southeast axis through central Illinois into central Indiana. This
    includes both the more intense storms on the southern/southwest end
    of the ongoing MCS able to tap into greater moisture/instability
    along the warm front as well as for additional storm development
    that will focus along the warm front/effective outflow. Repeated development/potential training of robust, heavy rainfall producing
    storms (rainfall rates ~ 2 inches/hour) leading to totals of 3-5",
    locally as high as 6-7", will pose a threat for scattered to
    widespread incidents of flash flooding.
    Further south, the Moderate/Slight Risk areas have also been
    minimally adjusted based on the latest 12Z guidance along and east
    of the track of what is now Tropical Storm Arthur. Plentiful
    tropical moisture will support additional rainfall totals of 3-5"
    with localized amounts as high as 6-10". The highest totals look to
    focus along a corridor within southeastern Louisiana generally
    between Baton Rouge and New Orleans where the greatest threat for
    more widespread instances of flash flooding will exist.
    Putnam
    ...Previous Discussion...
    ...Chicagoland...
    A potent low racing out of the Plains and across the Great Lakes
    today will run into an increasingly moist air mass in place ahead
    of the low over the Midwest. As the low approaches the Chicagoland
    region late morning, convection will break out along the low's warm
    front extending east of the low center. The initial hit of rain
    with the warm front is unlikely to feature too much heavy rain,
    though embedded elevated convection could make for brief heavier
    downpours. Immediately behind the warm front, however, a surge of
    moisture and instability will fuel backbuilding thunderstorms
    during the afternoon ahead of a strong cold front trailing behind
    the low. These storms are progged by many of the CAMs to generate
    into several broken lines of storms as they cross northern Illinois
    and into northern Indiana and southern Michigan through the late afternoon/early evening. These storms will have ample forcing
    allowing them to organize into severe clusters of storms. They are
    likely to produce locally heavy rainfall rates of up to 2 inches
    per hour where they backbuild. However, since the series of line
    segments will be sufficiently separated by much lighter or no rain,
    it seems any flash flooding that results from these storms will be
    more localized and less widespread. Further, as mentioned, the
    storms will be racing very quickly, likely moving at 40+ mph. This
    will greatly reduce the time any one area sees heavy rain, but
    since the lines are expected to align parallel to the windflow,
    those areas may see a bit longer time of heavy rainfall.
    Hydrologically, the Chicagoland area has seen several bouts of
    heavy rain in recent weeks that have left the soils above normal
    for moisture content as well as prone to flash flooding with
    sufficiently heavy rain. Of course, the large urban area of Chicago
    will also help to worsen any flash flooding that develops, so in
    those local areas where heavy rain overlaps with urban areas,
    locally considerable flash flooding is possible. Further east into
    Indiana, eastern Michigan, and eventually northwestern Ohio, the
    lines of storms this evening should align with the cold front and
    largely orthogonal to the flow. This should lower the flash
    flooding risk in these areas, despite similarly favorable
    hydrology.
    ...Mississippi Delta...
    The moisture plume of Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 (PTC1) will
    continue to slowly advect northeast across the northwestern Gulf
    and into southern Louisiana today into tonight. For much of the
    day, the heaviest rains will remain offshore, and except for
    occasional showers and an isolated storm or 2, much of the area
    should not contend with much heavy rain. That changes tonight as
    the center of circulation of what may be Tropical Storm Arthur
    moves ashore near the TX/LA border. All of the deep moisture will
    be east of the center of circulation, so that will direct the
    fire-hose of heavy rain into south-central Louisiana, from the
    Abbeville/New Iberia area northeast near Baton Rouge and into
    southern Mississippi after midnight. By that point, the diurnal
    strengthening of the nocturnal jet will function as the the primary
    driver of heavy rain as northeastward moving storms backbuild into
    the jet. The area from around Baton Rouge northeast to the north of
    Lake Pontchartrain and into far southern Mississippi is likely to
    be the corridor with the heaviest rain.
    There is considerable uncertainty first of the eastern extent of
    the axis of heaviest rain, particularly in relation to the New
    Orleans Metro. For now most of the guidance makes a very tight
    gradient of moisture, which most of the city remains on the drier
    side of. However, this axis of heaviest rain has been shifting
    east from model run to model run over the last couple days, which
    any further eastward drift would bring New Orleans right into the
    corridor of multiple-inch per hour rainfall for multiple hours.
    Regardless, even if New Orleans misses out on the heaviest
    rainfall, feeder bands of showers and storms could still cause
    localized flash flooding in the city. Thus, the Moderate Risk
    remains largely unchanged and includes New Orleans. More than a
    couple CAMs do bring strong cells over the city, which would very
    quickly lead to flooding problems.
    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...2030 UTC Update...

    Only a few minor areal adjustments were made to the inherited risk
    areas with the prior forecast reasoning remaining on track for the
    Southeast, Ohio/Tennessee Valleys, and areas further west into Arkansas/Oklahoma. The most notable was to expand the Moderate Risk
    back northeast a bit to include metro Atlanta. While rain totals
    in the hi-res guidance tend to be lower overall further north than
    the noted shift south overnight, the expected track of the
    remnants of what is now Tropical Storm Arthur will pass very close
    to the region. This will bring intense low-level flow (50 kts+) and
    high PWATs (2-3") northward which could lead to some more intense
    rainfall and heavier totals than currently depicted in the
    guidance, and at least some of the hi-res runs showed the potential
    for totals of 3-4". The urban area will also remain more sensitive
    compared to elsewhere even if totals do not match some of the
    higher end amounts anticipated further south. Otherwise, the rest
    of the region was left mostly untouched. The latest 12Z hi-res
    guidance depicted the potential for significant rainfall totals
    particularly across southern portions of the Moderate Risk area
    (southern Alabama into the western FLorida Panhandle), with areal
    average totals in the 4-5" range and locally higher totals as much
    as 6-10", more than sufficient for scattered to widespread flash
    flooding. The HREF and RRFS both showed moderate probabilities
    (40-60%) for totals of greater than 8 inches. One other adjustment
    was to extend the Marginal Risk further westward across the
    southern Plains into portions of the Texas Panhandle and eastern
    New Mexico where afternoon/evening storms ahead of a sagging cold
    front could bring a couple heavier downpours and possibly some
    isolated flooding concerns within cities.

    Putnam

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast...

    Very heavy rain associated with what will be the remnants of PTC1
    will be ongoing at the start of the period over most of southern
    Mississippi and likely extending into southwestern Alabama. These
    storms will be fueled by a strong low level jet pumping deep
    tropical moisture into a corridor that covers much of the Moderate
    Risk area. By around midday, the rapidly increasing instability and
    the typical weakening of the low level jet will allow the
    widespread convection to transition into training lines of storms
    that track east with time, as the line gradually drifts south
    towards the greatest instability and moisture source that is the
    Gulf. Thus, the greatest focus of heaviest rain now appears to set
    up from southeastern Mississippi east across the southern tier of
    Alabama and far western Georgia. 3+ inch/hour rainfall rates from
    individual storms will combine with multiple hours of rain as the
    storms train along the east-west oriented lines. Storm total
    rainfall for the day could easily exceed 8 inches in spots. Mobile,
    AL will be the biggest city in the crosshairs of the heaviest
    rainfall.

    With this rather dramatic southward shift in the guidance of where
    the heaviest rainfall totals are expected, the Moderate Risk
    inherited was trimmed significantly on the north side, while
    expanded across southeast Alabama, the western Florida Panhandle,
    and far southwestern Georgia. The Moderate Risk was downgraded out
    of both the Birmingham and Atlanta metros as those areas see
    leftover heavy rains from the much more potent and heavy rain
    producing storms much closer to the Gulf Coast. Nonetheless,
    periodic convection and a long duration of light to moderate rain
    is still expected over those metros, so the higher-end Slight
    remains in effect. Convective coverage greatly decreases Thursday
    night over all of the Southeast, but isolated to widely scattered
    storms could persist through the night in some areas.

    ...Ohio/Tennessee Valleys...

    Further north from the Gulf Coast along the Ohio and Tennessee
    Valleys, a cold front will start the day following roughly parallel
    to the Ohio River. The front will slowly sink southward over
    Kentucky through the day. Meanwhile, daytime heating and
    unidirectional southwesterly flow ahead of the front is expected to
    generate a long line of storms. The storms will be training and
    backbuilding along the KY/TN border and extending into West
    Virginia. Guidance has shifted a bit further south, especially with
    the western end of the line, so the higher-end Slight now follows
    the entire length of the KY/TN border, and now includes Nashville,
    while the Ohio River has largely been removed from the risk area.
    With nightfall and the loss of daytime heating, the flash flooding
    risk from storms will also diminish.

    ...Arkansas/Oklahoma...

    On Thursday night, the westernmost extension of the low-level jet
    over Texas will run into the same stalled out front that extends
    east into Kentucky. This clash of air masses is likely to result in
    the development of an MCS over eastern Oklahoma, which will then
    propagate southeastward into western Arkansas. Here too the soils
    are wetter than normal from multiple bouts of heavy rain in recent
    weeks, so a Slight Risk remains in place over the area with few
    changes.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF
    SOUTHERN ALABAMA...

    ...2030 UTC Update...

    Only very minimal areal changes were made to the inherited risk
    areas as the prior forecast is consistent with the latest 00/12Z
    guidance for both the Southeast as well as central/western Texas.
    Rainfall totals across the Moderate/Slight Risk areas in the
    Southeast will likely be down overall compared to Thursday as the
    remnants of what is now Tropical Storm Arthur depart the region.
    However, the region will remain much more susceptible to
    additional rainfall given the amounts expected Thursday,
    particularly for those in the Moderate Risk area across southern
    Alabama into the Florida Panhandle which overlaps Thursday's risk
    area. It likely will not take much to lead to additional flash
    flooding as well as exacerbate any ongoing flooding.

    Putnam

    ...Previous Discussion...
    ...Southeast...
    Any lull in heavy rainfall across southern Alabama from Thursday
    night behind the precipitation shield associated with the remnants
    of Potential Tropical Cyclone 1 will end in a hurry Friday morning
    as the cold front over the Tennessee Valley continues to press
    southward and runs into the ongoing southerly flow and low-level
    jet of deep tropical moisture from off the Gulf. The clash of these
    air masses looks to maximize over southern Alabama, where storms
    are likely to continue in some form or fashion for much of the day
    Friday. Assuming the multiple inches of rain from Thursday occurs
    in these same areas, the slightly lower storm total rain on Friday
    will make little difference for the flooding risk, as multiple
    inches of rain fall over the same areas very hard hit from
    Thursday. This very good overlap in the storm placement from
    Thursday to Friday necessitated a risk upgrade across southern
    Alabama for the Day 3/Friday period. Should this overlap continue
    to hold and the widespread multiple inches of rain with localized
    totals to double digits from Thursday occurs as forecast, it's
    entirely feasible that the hardest hit areas may need further
    upgrades to the flooding risk. Unfortunately the track record with
    the CAMs ensembles on maintaining continuity day to day on where
    the storms will occur is not very good, so any movement breaking
    the overlap will greatly improve the rather ominous flooding
    outlook for southern Alabama on Friday. Convective coverage over
    Alabama should diminish greatly Friday night as heavier rains to
    the west and the departing system to the east should put the state
    in a relative ridging pattern, allowing for a much needed break
    from the rainfall.
    ...Texas Hill Country...
    Southeasterly flow of deep moisture from off the Gulf will
    continue across much of Texas through the Day 3 period.
    Northwestward moving convection on the leading edge of the deep
    moisture will collide with storms that form along the dry line and
    the Mexican mountains Friday evening, resulting in MCS development
    that turns the storms back towards the best instability to the
    southeast. This should result in some areas seeing multiple rounds
    of heavy rain producing storms over the historically flash flood
    prone region of the Texas Hill Country. Thus, a Slight Risk area
    remains in effect for the region. Lesser amounts of rain are
    expected further east into north-central Texas and the Metroplex,
    so the Slight Risk inherited with downgraded in that area.
    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026
    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE OF CENTRAL PLAINS THROUGH THE MID MISSISSIPPI INTO THE LOWER
    OHIO VALLEY...
    2030Z Update...
    The daytime runs of the deterministic models and the ensemble
    guidance continued to focus on the Central Plains on Day 4 and
    in/near the Mid-Mississippi Valley on Day 5 as having the highest
    probability for excessive rainfall. Even though there were some run
    to run adjustments...the placement of the outlook areas were consistent
    and well covered by the on-going outlook. Few changes were made
    this cycle.
    Bann
    Day 4...
    A well-defined 500mb shortwave trough will move from the Great
    Basin into the northern Rockies midday Saturday, reaching the
    northern High Plains by Saturday night. Ahead of a southward
    advancing Canadian cold front, a northward-lifting warm front
    across the central Plains will lead an anomalous moisture plume
    into an increasing unstable environment. While exact convective
    placement varies, the deterministic models remain in generally
    good agreement -- depicting a deepening surface low over the
    central Plains that will help to focus moisture along the leading
    edge of a strengthening low level jet. A deepening pool of
    moisture (PWs increasing to 1.5-2 inches) over central
    Nebraska/Kansas eastward into southwestern Iowa and western to
    central Missouri will support efficient rainfall rates. This ample
    moisture along with large- scale ascent afforded by mid-level
    shortwave and right- entrance region jet forcing will further
    encourage heavy rainfall and the potential for flash flooding
    across the region. Therefore, a Slight Risk was maintained across
    the region. Farther south, a weakening frontal boundary and
    residual tropical moisture will trigger additional thunderstorms
    from South Texas across the Gulf Coast. Localized flooding will
    likely remain a threat given the increasing sensitive soils.
    Day 5... Forecast confidence lowers notably heading into the
    latter half of the weekend as guidance begins to diverge on the
    track of the leading wave forming over the central Plains on Day 4.
    Notably, the ECMWF offers one of the more northerly solutions
    compared to other guidance. Beyond the primary wave's track from
    the Midwest into the East, considerable model spread exists
    regarding the timing of the trailing front and subsequent wave and
    storm development. With the continuation of ample moisture,
    instability, and strong forcing areas of heavy rainfall and flash
    flooding appear likely. Given the model spread, the outlook area,
    including a Slight Risk extending from the lower Missouri to the
    lower Ohio Valley, relied most heavily on a multi-model ensemble
    mean.
    Pereira
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6e-8VcJNAvzMawidZ7zXGIxgsCOTJeXMSzIBUtOsPy9v= UF7XjjdrGjXP9ebEwCYTQ_uhmlEckxKk_CD_40z65t-TJBw$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6e-8VcJNAvzMawidZ7zXGIxgsCOTJeXMSzIBUtOsPy9v= UF7XjjdrGjXP9ebEwCYTQ_uhmlEckxKk_CD_40z6ho_QzaU$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6e-8VcJNAvzMawidZ7zXGIxgsCOTJeXMSzIBUtOsPy9v= UF7XjjdrGjXP9ebEwCYTQ_uhmlEckxKk_CD_40z6sPgcb2U$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 18, 2026 08:26:23
    FOUS30 KWBC 180826
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    426 AM EDT Thu Jun 18 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A HIGH RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL GULF
    COAST...

    ...WIDESPREAD AND POTENTIALLY LIFE THREATENING FLASH FLOODING
    LIKELY TODAY FOR THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...Southeast...

    The remnants of Post Tropical Cyclone Arthur are moving into the
    Central Gulf Coast this morning. While the cyclone center may have
    dissipated, the moisture plume and associated rainfall shield most
    certainly have not. Rainfall moving into southeastern Louisiana
    right now are producing rates to 3 inches per hour. These kinds of
    rainfall rates are expected to continue with the strongest cells
    for much of the day today across the central Gulf Coast. An
    impressive 50 kt low level jet at 850 is advecting very deep
    tropical moisture into the coast. This is pushing PWATs to over 2.6
    inches. Meanwhile instability over the Gulf is up to 4,000 J/kg.
    This is supporting very efficient cells capable of multiple inch
    per hour rates to the east of the remnant circulation center.
    Multiple waves of storms will track south to north across eastern
    Louisiana into southern Mississippi this morning. The area has been
    hard hit with heavy rain in recent days, so larger rivers are
    already flooding, and soils are nearly saturated, so nearly all of
    the heavy rainfall is expected to convert to runoff, resulting in
    more significant river, stream, and creek rises though the morning.

    The eastern side of the plume of moisture will spawn additional
    numerous thunderstorms into southern Alabama and the Florida
    Panhandle through midday. The storm organization is expected to
    change a bit into the afternoon with peak heating. To the west
    across Mississippi and Louisiana, backbuilding and training
    convection is expected to form into 1 or 2 nearly stationary lines,
    as the individual cells embedded within train towards the east
    along the line. Meanwhile, over Alabama, multiple lines of eastward
    moving lines of storms will get the flooding and heavy rainfall
    started as early as mid-morning. The western end of the line in
    LA/MS will become the trailing storms on the southwest end of the
    MCS associated with post tropical cyclone Arthur. This line will
    very slowly drift southeastward towards the Gulf Coast, likely
    impacting Mobile and eventually the Pensacola area, as well as
    points north. This will result in multiple hours from mid-afternoon
    into the evening where training storms track over the same areas.
    The eastward moving convection is expected to move faster towards
    the east than the storms can backbuild, so the trailing line
    responsible for the worst flooding should gradually shift east as
    well. The storms could persist as long as until midnight in the
    Florida Panhandle, but most guidance has it moving on and
    dissipating earlier in the evening. Regardless, with potential for
    multiple inch per hour rainfall rates with numerous storms through
    the day tracking over the same areas, the storm total rainfall in
    these areas is likely to pile up very quickly. Guidance suggests
    rainfall totals in many areas of the High Risk could exceed 12
    inches, though local amounts could approach 20 inches.

    Widespread and potentially life threatening flash flooding is
    likely as a result of these double-digit rainfall numbers. Urban
    areas that could be impacted from New Orleans (in a higher-end
    Moderate Risk), Mobile, and Pensacola could see life-threatening
    flash flooding occur as a result. Everyone should heed the advice
    of local authorities as warnings are issued.

    Across central Alabama into northern Georgia, storm coverage and
    intensity of the strongest cells are expected to be a bit lower,
    but antecedent soil conditions remain nearly saturated. Multiple
    hours of moderate to at times heavy rain are expected up as far
    north as Birmingham and northeast as Atlanta. The Moderate Risk for
    these areas remains in place with few changes. An eastward
    expansion of the Moderate Risk in west-central Georgia was also
    made.

    ...Ohio/Tennessee Valleys...

    A cold front pushing south across the Ohio Valley today will run
    into the northern extent of the deep plume of tropical moisture
    associated with the remnants of Arthur. With daytime heating, the
    clashing of air masses along the front will result in numerous
    showers and thunderstorms developing along the front, which will
    likely be along the KY/TN border, extending ENE into eastern
    Kentucky and southern West Virginia. The storms will be in a
    favorable environment for training as the plume of moisture tracks
    parallel to the front as well. A shortwave trough will help the
    front advance south and east across the area more quickly this
    evening through tonight, which should end any backbuilding and
    training from the afternoon and allow everything to progress
    eastward, ending the flooding threat.

    ...Southwestern Oklahoma into North Texas...

    Overnight tonight, an MCS is expected to develop across
    southwestern Oklahoma and north Texas in response to both proximity
    to the dry line, deep tropical moisture with PWATs approaching 2
    inches, and a developing low over West Texas, encouraging the
    formation of a low level jet into the storms. Given this is a
    smaller feature than the remnants of Arthur to the east, the CAMs
    are struggling much more with where and how long the storms in the
    area will form, and where they will track. Most likely the storms
    will remain along the Red River/OK-TX border. The inherited Slight
    covering most of the rest of Oklahoma into Arkansas was dropped to
    a Marginal as this MCS should remain well separated from the rains
    with Arthur to the east, with little rain in between.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHERN
    ALABAMA AND ADJACENT AREAS...

    ...Southeast...

    While the plume of extreme moisture associated with the remnants of
    Arthur will be exiting the Carolina coast at the start of the
    period, deep tropical moisture will remain entrenched over much of
    the Southeast on Friday. A cold front that tracked over the Ohio
    Valley on Day 1/Thursday will continue edging southward into the
    Southeast, bringing much drier air and relief to areas behind it.
    Unfortunately ahead of it, the air mass will remain soupy. The
    moisture off the Gulf will have turned eastward along the front on
    Friday, which will do a couple things: 1) It will not prevent the
    front from making more southward progress, as opposed to a
    southerly low level jet which would actively work against a
    southward moving front. 2) It will create a more unidirectional
    wind flow through the depth of the atmosphere, which will support faster-moving, but training storms along the front. In addition to
    any MCSs which could form in the soupy air mass early in the
    morning, potentially multiple lines of storms will track
    southeastward along the front into the area that just was hit with
    Arthur's remnants the previous day. Thus, the Moderate Risk for
    this area remains in effect. Expected rainfall for most areas will
    generally stay between 1-3 inches on average, so the rainfall
    amounts expected on Friday will pale in comparison to today.
    However, given the expected flooding that will very much still be
    ongoing on Friday, the addition of 1-3 inches of rain with locally
    higher amounts where storm training persists longest over these
    same areas still raised the flooding threat in the area to the
    Moderate Risk category. Changes in where the heaviest rains
    today/Day 1 occur may result in shifts of the Moderate Risk,
    particularly if the heaviest expected rains occur further south and
    west into Mississippi and eastern Louisiana. A few of the CAMs
    models are hinting at that possibility.

    ...Southern Plains...

    Across a large swath of Texas on Friday, multiple MCSs may impact
    much of the state. On Friday morning, lingering MCSs from Oklahoma
    and the Slight Risk on Day 1 may be ongoing into north-central
    Texas Friday morning, including into the Metroplex. Widely
    scattered instances of flash flooding will be possible with that.
    More coverage of storms are expected Friday night. The typical
    strengthening MCS will advect extreme instability and moisture over
    all of the eastern half of the state. As storms form and organize
    into MCSs, the potential for additional instances of flash flooding
    will increase. There is considerable uncertainty as to where they
    form and how they track, so a large swath of eastern Texas was
    included in a Slight Risk, especially down towards San Antonio and
    Houston, which have been impacted with heavy rains in recent days,
    and soils remain wetter than normal.

    Wegman

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS AS WELL AS FOR PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...Central Plains...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting Saturday afternoon and continuing into Saturday night will
    bring multiple inches of rain to a large area of southeastern
    Nebraska through northwestern Missouri. Storms are expected to
    initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating. An LLJ of
    southeasterly flow will pump deep Gulf moisture up the Plains
    through the day. A developing surface low and upper level shortwave strengthening the low over Colorado will eject into the Plains.
    This will force the dryline to race eastward in response. The warm
    front associated with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep
    moisture, resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm
    development in the form of an MCS. The MCS will track southeast
    into southeastern Nebraska, far northern Kansas, and eventually to
    the Missouri River. Additional storms capable of multiple inch per
    hour rain rates will develop on the southern end of the MCS, where
    the greatest rainfall totals will be. Urban areas in the path
    including Lincoln and maybe Omaha, Nebraska, Topeka, Kansas, and
    eventually St. Joseph and Kansas City, Missouri after midnight will
    likely be impacted. Widely scattered instances of flash flooding
    are likely. Given the amount of moisture present for these storms
    to feed on and the urban areas likely to be impacted, additional
    increases in forecast rainfall may require an upgrade to a Moderate
    Risk with future updates. Since CAMs do poorly and the models
    frequently shift where the heaviest rains will be leading up to an
    event, the Moderate Risk was not considered at this time.

    ...Southeast...

    An MCS tracking from the Ozarks following the same front that
    entered interior portions of the Southeast as a cold front on
    Friday will help that same front now retreat as a warm front on
    Saturday. Heavy rains are expected Saturday morning over the Slight
    Risk area from northern Mississippi to southern Alabama as storms
    track southeastward along the retreating front. Daytime heating
    will likely support additional clusters of storms into the
    afternoon in these areas. The heaviest rains over the most
    widespread area will be Saturday morning in northern Mississippi.
    They will be less organized as they move into southern Alabama
    Saturday afternoon, but given the prior day's expected rains in
    these same areas, the Slight Risk includes southern Alabama as
    well.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE OZARKS THROUGH THE MIDWEST AND INTO THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY...

    Day 4... By the start of the day 4 forecast period a potent
    shortwave and related surface low are expected to eject eastward
    out of the central Plains into the Midwest. There will also be a
    trailing frontal boundary extending into the southern Plains to add
    a focus for additional thunderstorms. There remains some
    uncertainty regarding the speed and latitude of these features, but
    PWs above the 90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS)
    overlapping with soils likely still recovering from recent heavy
    rain in the Midwest will lead to at least scattered flash flooding
    concerns. NBM probabilities for at least 2" are between 30-55% and
    cover much of the SLGT risk area. Locally higher totals are likely
    given the convective environment. The progressive nature of these
    storms may end up limiting the severity of flash flood impacts, but
    a MDT risk upgrade is possible should training/back-building
    elements become more obvious in the short range updates. This is
    especially the case given the sensitivity of the affected regions
    to additional rainfall.

    Day 5... The shortwave and low pressure on day 4 is forecast to
    continue east towards the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, with
    additional uncertainties in latitude and speed. Additionally,
    thunderstorms should reform along the attached frontal boundary
    extending westward across the Tennessee Valley and into the
    southern Plains. At the moment most convection appears scattered in
    nature and low confidence in placement of heavier QPF. Therefore, a
    MRGL risk is highlighted and will be refined in future updates.
    Additional thunderstorm activity is likely into the High Plains,
    with uncertainty surrounding the impact of a nearby southern Canada
    upper low on thunderstorm activity in the northern High Plains.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6wFVMIUJw_BEgUAp9MEVaKlimOdhN82gWcvgwN3z4rs0= 83pn_wqQISE5KCNZ14Nw0-25eB2Wxfpemc2IjJK6DB6Lyew$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6wFVMIUJw_BEgUAp9MEVaKlimOdhN82gWcvgwN3z4rs0= 83pn_wqQISE5KCNZ14Nw0-25eB2Wxfpemc2IjJK6RbON90o$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6wFVMIUJw_BEgUAp9MEVaKlimOdhN82gWcvgwN3z4rs0= 83pn_wqQISE5KCNZ14Nw0-25eB2Wxfpemc2IjJK6x06I5-A$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 18, 2026 15:59:31
    FOUS30 KWBC 181559
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1159 AM EDT Thu Jun 18 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A HIGH RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL GULF
    COAST...

    ...WIDESPREAD AND LIFE THREATENING FLASH FLOODING LIKELY TODAY FOR
    THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...1600 UTC Update...

    A widespread and life-threatening flash flood event is underway
    across the central Gulf Coast and will continue to expand
    northeastward deeper into the Southeast throughout the day. Flash
    flood emergencies have already been issued both in southeastern and
    central LA as well as southern Mississippi where bands of
    backbuilding, training thunderstorms have already lead to MRMS
    estimated rainfall totals of 9-11" (see WPC MPD #450 for more
    details). Torrential rainfall is expected to continue throughout
    the day with these ongoing storms as well as additional bands of
    thunderstorms supported by a surface low associated with the
    remnants of Tropical Storm Arthur, an impressive ~40-50 kt low
    level jet off the Gulf, and daily-record level PWATS over 2". Some
    modest adjustments were made to the inherited outlook based on
    ongoing thunderstorms and the latest 12Z hi-res guidance including
    a westward expansion of the High Risk to central Louisiana where
    ongoing life-threatening flash flooding is occurring. A slight
    northeastward expansion was also included across southern
    Mississippi and Alabama given moderate to high probabilities from
    the HREF of 5-8"+ of rainfall. Guidance in general has suggested a northeastward expansion of the flash flood risk bringing heightened
    concern to southwestern to central Georgia as well as further
    north into the southern Appalachians.

    Elsewhere, the Slight Risk over portions of the southern
    Plains/Texas was also expanded based on the latest 12Z hi-res
    guidance. Thunderstorms are expected to develop later this evening
    and into the overnight hours in vicinity of a wave of low pressure
    along an approaching cold front and southward along the dryline.
    Sporadic/slow storm motions and clustering of storms will support
    locally heavy rainfall, especially if the collective
    clustering/merging of cold pools can result in more organized
    complexes as suggested by some of the hi-res guidance. This
    includes both along the Red River Valley, where a Slight Risk is
    already in place, as well as further south along the dryline into
    the Texas Hill Country where the Slight Risk has been expanded.
    Some of the latest hi-res guidance (including the RRFS) is more
    bullish on the potential for heavier rainfall spreading southward
    given expected storm motions and potential for a more organized
    complex to develop.

    Another round of thunderstorms is expected today over portions of
    Arizona and New Mexico where some locally heavy rainfall/isolated
    flash flooding will be possible given heightened moisture in place.
    Most storms will likely be diurnally driven along the more complex
    terrain. Increased moist southerly flow off the Atlantic into
    interior New England/Upstate New York ahead of an approaching low
    pressure system will also bring the threat for some locally heavy
    rainfall (1-3" totals) and isolated flash flooding.

    Putnam

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast...

    The remnants of Post Tropical Cyclone Arthur are moving into the
    Central Gulf Coast this morning. While the cyclone center may have
    dissipated, the moisture plume and associated rainfall shield most
    certainly have not. Rainfall moving into southeastern Louisiana
    right now are producing rates to 3 inches per hour. These kinds of
    rainfall rates are expected to continue with the strongest cells
    for much of the day today across the central Gulf Coast. An
    impressive 50 kt low level jet at 850 is advecting very deep
    tropical moisture into the coast. This is pushing PWATs to over 2.6
    inches. Meanwhile instability over the Gulf is up to 4,000 J/kg.
    This is supporting very efficient cells capable of multiple inch
    per hour rates to the east of the remnant circulation center.
    Multiple waves of storms will track south to north across eastern
    Louisiana into southern Mississippi this morning. The area has been
    hard hit with heavy rain in recent days, so larger rivers are
    already flooding, and soils are nearly saturated, so nearly all of
    the heavy rainfall is expected to convert to runoff, resulting in
    more significant river, stream, and creek rises though the morning.

    The eastern side of the plume of moisture will spawn additional
    numerous thunderstorms into southern Alabama and the Florida
    Panhandle through midday. The storm organization is expected to
    change a bit into the afternoon with peak heating. To the west
    across Mississippi and Louisiana, backbuilding and training
    convection is expected to form into 1 or 2 nearly stationary lines,
    as the individual cells embedded within train towards the east
    along the line. Meanwhile, over Alabama, multiple lines of eastward
    moving lines of storms will get the flooding and heavy rainfall
    started as early as mid-morning. The western end of the line in
    LA/MS will become the trailing storms on the southwest end of the
    MCS associated with post tropical cyclone Arthur. This line will
    very slowly drift southeastward towards the Gulf Coast, likely
    impacting Mobile and eventually the Pensacola area, as well as
    points north. This will result in multiple hours from mid-afternoon
    into the evening where training storms track over the same areas.
    The eastward moving convection is expected to move faster towards
    the east than the storms can backbuild, so the trailing line
    responsible for the worst flooding should gradually shift east as
    well. The storms could persist as long as until midnight in the
    Florida Panhandle, but most guidance has it moving on and
    dissipating earlier in the evening. Regardless, with potential for
    multiple inch per hour rainfall rates with numerous storms through
    the day tracking over the same areas, the storm total rainfall in
    these areas is likely to pile up very quickly. Guidance suggests
    rainfall totals in many areas of the High Risk could exceed 12
    inches, though local amounts could approach 20 inches.

    Widespread and potentially life threatening flash flooding is
    likely as a result of these double-digit rainfall numbers. Urban
    areas that could be impacted from New Orleans (in a higher-end
    Moderate Risk), Mobile, and Pensacola could see life-threatening
    flash flooding occur as a result. Everyone should heed the advice
    of local authorities as warnings are issued.

    Across central Alabama into northern Georgia, storm coverage and
    intensity of the strongest cells are expected to be a bit lower,
    but antecedent soil conditions remain nearly saturated. Multiple
    hours of moderate to at times heavy rain are expected up as far
    north as Birmingham and northeast as Atlanta. The Moderate Risk for
    these areas remains in place with few changes. An eastward
    expansion of the Moderate Risk in west-central Georgia was also
    made.

    ...Ohio/Tennessee Valleys...

    A cold front pushing south across the Ohio Valley today will run
    into the northern extent of the deep plume of tropical moisture
    associated with the remnants of Arthur. With daytime heating, the
    clashing of air masses along the front will result in numerous
    showers and thunderstorms developing along the front, which will
    likely be along the KY/TN border, extending ENE into eastern
    Kentucky and southern West Virginia. The storms will be in a
    favorable environment for training as the plume of moisture tracks
    parallel to the front as well. A shortwave trough will help the
    front advance south and east across the area more quickly this
    evening through tonight, which should end any backbuilding and
    training from the afternoon and allow everything to progress
    eastward, ending the flooding threat.

    ...Southwestern Oklahoma into North Texas...

    Overnight tonight, an MCS is expected to develop across
    southwestern Oklahoma and north Texas in response to both proximity
    to the dry line, deep tropical moisture with PWATs approaching 2
    inches, and a developing low over West Texas, encouraging the
    formation of a low level jet into the storms. Given this is a
    smaller feature than the remnants of Arthur to the east, the CAMs
    are struggling much more with where and how long the storms in the
    area will form, and where they will track. Most likely the storms
    will remain along the Red River/OK-TX border. The inherited Slight
    covering most of the rest of Oklahoma into Arkansas was dropped to
    a Marginal as this MCS should remain well separated from the rains
    with Arthur to the east, with little rain in between.
    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHERN
    ALABAMA AND ADJACENT AREAS...

    ...Southeast...

    While the plume of extreme moisture associated with the remnants of
    Arthur will be exiting the Carolina coast at the start of the
    period, deep tropical moisture will remain entrenched over much of
    the Southeast on Friday. A cold front that tracked over the Ohio
    Valley on Day 1/Thursday will continue edging southward into the
    Southeast, bringing much drier air and relief to areas behind it.
    Unfortunately ahead of it, the air mass will remain soupy. The
    moisture off the Gulf will have turned eastward along the front on
    Friday, which will do a couple things: 1) It will not prevent the
    front from making more southward progress, as opposed to a
    southerly low level jet which would actively work against a
    southward moving front. 2) It will create a more unidirectional
    wind flow through the depth of the atmosphere, which will support faster-moving, but training storms along the front. In addition to
    any MCSs which could form in the soupy air mass early in the
    morning, potentially multiple lines of storms will track
    southeastward along the front into the area that just was hit with
    Arthur's remnants the previous day. Thus, the Moderate Risk for
    this area remains in effect. Expected rainfall for most areas will
    generally stay between 1-3 inches on average, so the rainfall
    amounts expected on Friday will pale in comparison to today.
    However, given the expected flooding that will very much still be
    ongoing on Friday, the addition of 1-3 inches of rain with locally
    higher amounts where storm training persists longest over these
    same areas still raised the flooding threat in the area to the
    Moderate Risk category. Changes in where the heaviest rains
    today/Day 1 occur may result in shifts of the Moderate Risk,
    particularly if the heaviest expected rains occur further south and
    west into Mississippi and eastern Louisiana. A few of the CAMs
    models are hinting at that possibility.

    ...Southern Plains...

    Across a large swath of Texas on Friday, multiple MCSs may impact
    much of the state. On Friday morning, lingering MCSs from Oklahoma
    and the Slight Risk on Day 1 may be ongoing into north-central
    Texas Friday morning, including into the Metroplex. Widely
    scattered instances of flash flooding will be possible with that.
    More coverage of storms are expected Friday night. The typical
    strengthening MCS will advect extreme instability and moisture over
    all of the eastern half of the state. As storms form and organize
    into MCSs, the potential for additional instances of flash flooding
    will increase. There is considerable uncertainty as to where they
    form and how they track, so a large swath of eastern Texas was
    included in a Slight Risk, especially down towards San Antonio and
    Houston, which have been impacted with heavy rains in recent days,
    and soils remain wetter than normal.
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS AS WELL AS FOR PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...Central Plains...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting Saturday afternoon and continuing into Saturday night will
    bring multiple inches of rain to a large area of southeastern
    Nebraska through northwestern Missouri. Storms are expected to
    initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating. An LLJ of
    southeasterly flow will pump deep Gulf moisture up the Plains
    through the day. A developing surface low and upper level shortwave strengthening the low over Colorado will eject into the Plains.
    This will force the dryline to race eastward in response. The warm
    front associated with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep
    moisture, resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm
    development in the form of an MCS. The MCS will track southeast
    into southeastern Nebraska, far northern Kansas, and eventually to
    the Missouri River. Additional storms capable of multiple inch per
    hour rain rates will develop on the southern end of the MCS, where
    the greatest rainfall totals will be. Urban areas in the path
    including Lincoln and maybe Omaha, Nebraska, Topeka, Kansas, and
    eventually St. Joseph and Kansas City, Missouri after midnight will
    likely be impacted. Widely scattered instances of flash flooding
    are likely. Given the amount of moisture present for these storms
    to feed on and the urban areas likely to be impacted, additional
    increases in forecast rainfall may require an upgrade to a Moderate
    Risk with future updates. Since CAMs do poorly and the models
    frequently shift where the heaviest rains will be leading up to an
    event, the Moderate Risk was not considered at this time.

    ...Southeast...

    An MCS tracking from the Ozarks following the same front that
    entered interior portions of the Southeast as a cold front on
    Friday will help that same front now retreat as a warm front on
    Saturday. Heavy rains are expected Saturday morning over the Slight
    Risk area from northern Mississippi to southern Alabama as storms
    track southeastward along the retreating front. Daytime heating
    will likely support additional clusters of storms into the
    afternoon in these areas. The heaviest rains over the most
    widespread area will be Saturday morning in northern Mississippi.
    They will be less organized as they move into southern Alabama
    Saturday afternoon, but given the prior day's expected rains in
    these same areas, the Slight Risk includes southern Alabama as
    well.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE OZARKS THROUGH THE MIDWEST AND INTO THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY...

    Day 4... By the start of the day 4 forecast period a potent
    shortwave and related surface low are expected to eject eastward
    out of the central Plains into the Midwest. There will also be a
    trailing frontal boundary extending into the southern Plains to add
    a focus for additional thunderstorms. There remains some
    uncertainty regarding the speed and latitude of these features, but
    PWs above the 90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS)
    overlapping with soils likely still recovering from recent heavy
    rain in the Midwest will lead to at least scattered flash flooding
    concerns. NBM probabilities for at least 2" are between 30-55% and
    cover much of the SLGT risk area. Locally higher totals are likely
    given the convective environment. The progressive nature of these
    storms may end up limiting the severity of flash flood impacts, but
    a MDT risk upgrade is possible should training/back-building
    elements become more obvious in the short range updates. This is
    especially the case given the sensitivity of the affected regions
    to additional rainfall.

    Day 5... The shortwave and low pressure on day 4 is forecast to
    continue east towards the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, with
    additional uncertainties in latitude and speed. Additionally,
    thunderstorms should reform along the attached frontal boundary
    extending westward across the Tennessee Valley and into the
    southern Plains. At the moment most convection appears scattered in
    nature and low confidence in placement of heavier QPF. Therefore, a
    MRGL risk is highlighted and will be refined in future updates.
    Additional thunderstorm activity is likely into the High Plains,
    with uncertainty surrounding the impact of a nearby southern Canada
    upper low on thunderstorm activity in the northern High Plains.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-rPwswWCf8MZfL6GC3Qtmb3TMuDJB6yf7uKd-C-hyHcH= axLhpd8ucoYh7gzWkni8H0dQZRhPoKWKoAOc-S_2JeVuyWc$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-rPwswWCf8MZfL6GC3Qtmb3TMuDJB6yf7uKd-C-hyHcH= axLhpd8ucoYh7gzWkni8H0dQZRhPoKWKoAOc-S_28oafYKY$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-rPwswWCf8MZfL6GC3Qtmb3TMuDJB6yf7uKd-C-hyHcH= axLhpd8ucoYh7gzWkni8H0dQZRhPoKWKoAOc-S_2kxcuimI$=20



    $$

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    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 18, 2026 20:30:50
    FOUS30 KWBC 182030
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    430 PM EDT Thu Jun 18 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Thu Jun 18 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A HIGH RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL GULF
    COAST...

    ...WIDESPREAD AND LIFE THREATENING FLASH FLOODING LIKELY TODAY FOR
    THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...1600 UTC Update...

    A widespread and life-threatening flash flood event is underway
    across the central Gulf Coast and will continue to expand
    northeastward deeper into the Southeast throughout the day. Flash
    flood emergencies have already been issued both in southeastern and
    central LA as well as southern Mississippi where bands of
    backbuilding, training thunderstorms have already lead to MRMS
    estimated rainfall totals of 9-11" (see WPC MPD #450 for more
    details). Torrential rainfall is expected to continue throughout
    the day with these ongoing storms as well as additional bands of
    thunderstorms supported by a surface low associated with the
    remnants of Tropical Storm Arthur, an impressive ~40-50 kt low
    level jet off the Gulf, and daily-record level PWATS over 2". Some
    modest adjustments were made to the inherited outlook based on
    ongoing thunderstorms and the latest 12Z hi-res guidance including
    a westward expansion of the High Risk to central Louisiana where
    ongoing life-threatening flash flooding is occurring. A slight
    northeastward expansion was also included across southern
    Mississippi and Alabama given moderate to high probabilities from
    the HREF of 5-8"+ of rainfall. Guidance in general has suggested a northeastward expansion of the flash flood risk bringing heightened
    concern to southwestern to central Georgia as well as further
    north into the southern Appalachians.

    Elsewhere, the Slight Risk over portions of the southern
    Plains/Texas was also expanded based on the latest 12Z hi-res
    guidance. Thunderstorms are expected to develop later this evening
    and into the overnight hours in vicinity of a wave of low pressure
    along an approaching cold front and southward along the dryline.
    Sporadic/slow storm motions and clustering of storms will support
    locally heavy rainfall, especially if the collective
    clustering/merging of cold pools can result in more organized
    complexes as suggested by some of the hi-res guidance. This
    includes both along the Red River Valley, where a Slight Risk is
    already in place, as well as further south along the dryline into
    the Texas Hill Country where the Slight Risk has been expanded.
    Some of the latest hi-res guidance (including the RRFS) is more
    bullish on the potential for heavier rainfall spreading southward
    given expected storm motions and potential for a more organized
    complex to develop.

    Another round of thunderstorms is expected today over portions of
    Arizona and New Mexico where some locally heavy rainfall/isolated
    flash flooding will be possible given heightened moisture in place.
    Most storms will likely be diurnally driven along the more complex
    terrain. Increased moist southerly flow off the Atlantic into
    interior New England/Upstate New York ahead of an approaching low
    pressure system will also bring the threat for some locally heavy
    rainfall (1-3" totals) and isolated flash flooding.

    Putnam

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast...

    The remnants of Post Tropical Cyclone Arthur are moving into the
    Central Gulf Coast this morning. While the cyclone center may have
    dissipated, the moisture plume and associated rainfall shield most
    certainly have not. Rainfall moving into southeastern Louisiana
    right now are producing rates to 3 inches per hour. These kinds of
    rainfall rates are expected to continue with the strongest cells
    for much of the day today across the central Gulf Coast. An
    impressive 50 kt low level jet at 850 is advecting very deep
    tropical moisture into the coast. This is pushing PWATs to over 2.6
    inches. Meanwhile instability over the Gulf is up to 4,000 J/kg.
    This is supporting very efficient cells capable of multiple inch
    per hour rates to the east of the remnant circulation center.
    Multiple waves of storms will track south to north across eastern
    Louisiana into southern Mississippi this morning. The area has been
    hard hit with heavy rain in recent days, so larger rivers are
    already flooding, and soils are nearly saturated, so nearly all of
    the heavy rainfall is expected to convert to runoff, resulting in
    more significant river, stream, and creek rises though the morning.
    The eastern side of the plume of moisture will spawn additional
    numerous thunderstorms into southern Alabama and the Florida
    Panhandle through midday. The storm organization is expected to
    change a bit into the afternoon with peak heating. To the west
    across Mississippi and Louisiana, backbuilding and training
    convection is expected to form into 1 or 2 nearly stationary lines,
    as the individual cells embedded within train towards the east
    along the line. Meanwhile, over Alabama, multiple lines of eastward
    moving lines of storms will get the flooding and heavy rainfall
    started as early as mid-morning. The western end of the line in
    LA/MS will become the trailing storms on the southwest end of the
    MCS associated with post tropical cyclone Arthur. This line will
    very slowly drift southeastward towards the Gulf Coast, likely
    impacting Mobile and eventually the Pensacola area, as well as
    points north. This will result in multiple hours from mid-afternoon
    into the evening where training storms track over the same areas.
    The eastward moving convection is expected to move faster towards
    the east than the storms can backbuild, so the trailing line
    responsible for the worst flooding should gradually shift east as
    well. The storms could persist as long as until midnight in the
    Florida Panhandle, but most guidance has it moving on and
    dissipating earlier in the evening. Regardless, with potential for
    multiple inch per hour rainfall rates with numerous storms through
    the day tracking over the same areas, the storm total rainfall in
    these areas is likely to pile up very quickly. Guidance suggests
    rainfall totals in many areas of the High Risk could exceed 12
    inches, though local amounts could approach 20 inches.

    Widespread and potentially life threatening flash flooding is
    likely as a result of these double-digit rainfall numbers. Urban
    areas that could be impacted from New Orleans (in a higher-end
    Moderate Risk), Mobile, and Pensacola could see life-threatening
    flash flooding occur as a result. Everyone should heed the advice
    of local authorities as warnings are issued.

    Across central Alabama into northern Georgia, storm coverage and
    intensity of the strongest cells are expected to be a bit lower,
    but antecedent soil conditions remain nearly saturated. Multiple
    hours of moderate to at times heavy rain are expected up as far
    north as Birmingham and northeast as Atlanta. The Moderate Risk for
    these areas remains in place with few changes. An eastward
    expansion of the Moderate Risk in west-central Georgia was also
    made.

    ...Ohio/Tennessee Valleys...

    A cold front pushing south across the Ohio Valley today will run
    into the northern extent of the deep plume of tropical moisture
    associated with the remnants of Arthur. With daytime heating, the
    clashing of air masses along the front will result in numerous
    showers and thunderstorms developing along the front, which will
    likely be along the KY/TN border, extending ENE into eastern
    Kentucky and southern West Virginia. The storms will be in a
    favorable environment for training as the plume of moisture tracks
    parallel to the front as well. A shortwave trough will help the
    front advance south and east across the area more quickly this
    evening through tonight, which should end any backbuilding and
    training from the afternoon and allow everything to progress
    eastward, ending the flooding threat.

    ...Southwestern Oklahoma into North Texas...

    Overnight tonight, an MCS is expected to develop across
    southwestern Oklahoma and north Texas in response to both proximity
    to the dry line, deep tropical moisture with PWATs approaching 2
    inches, and a developing low over West Texas, encouraging the
    formation of a low level jet into the storms. Given this is a
    smaller feature than the remnants of Arthur to the east, the CAMs
    are struggling much more with where and how long the storms in the
    area will form, and where they will track. Most likely the storms
    will remain along the Red River/OK-TX border. The inherited Slight
    covering most of the rest of Oklahoma into Arkansas was dropped to
    a Marginal as this MCS should remain well separated from the rains
    with Arthur to the east, with little rain in between.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    ...2030 UTC Update...

    The prior forecast reasoning remains on track with the greatest
    concern focused on where additional rainfall Friday may overlap
    some of the torrential totals seen across the central Gulf Coast
    into the Southeast on Thursday. Some instances of flash flooding
    may remain ongoing as well. The now available 12Z hi-res guidance
    supports the greatest risk of additional rainfall of 1-3", locally
    4-6", across much of the inherited Moderate Risk area. Some minor
    areal expansions where made to the northern extent of the moderate
    across southern Alabama and Mississippi based on the latest
    guidance, as well as to the southwest from coastal Mississippi
    into southeastern Louisiana where some of the heaviest 24 hour
    totals (MRMS estimated 6-10") had occurred through Thursday
    afternoon. There was also a signal in the guidance for some similar
    heavier totals further west across portions of western Louisiana.
    However, most of this region did not see rainfall over the past day
    and thus feel comfortable retaining the risk as a higher-end
    Slight for now. Another more isolated but significant area of
    concern will be if any rainfall overlaps portions of east-central
    Louisiana where extreme rainfall of over 24" in the past 24 hours
    has been estimated by MRMS.

    Putnam

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast...

    While the plume of extreme moisture associated with the remnants of
    Arthur will be exiting the Carolina coast at the start of the
    period, deep tropical moisture will remain entrenched over much of
    the Southeast on Friday. A cold front that tracked over the Ohio
    Valley on Day 1/Thursday will continue edging southward into the
    Southeast, bringing much drier air and relief to areas behind it.
    Unfortunately ahead of it, the air mass will remain soupy. The
    moisture off the Gulf will have turned eastward along the front on
    Friday, which will do a couple things: 1) It will not prevent the
    front from making more southward progress, as opposed to a
    southerly low level jet which would actively work against a
    southward moving front. 2) It will create a more unidirectional
    wind flow through the depth of the atmosphere, which will support faster-moving, but training storms along the front. In addition to
    any MCSs which could form in the soupy air mass early in the
    morning, potentially multiple lines of storms will track
    southeastward along the front into the area that just was hit with
    Arthur's remnants the previous day. Thus, the Moderate Risk for
    this area remains in effect. Expected rainfall for most areas will
    generally stay between 1-3 inches on average, so the rainfall
    amounts expected on Friday will pale in comparison to today.
    However, given the expected flooding that will very much still be
    ongoing on Friday, the addition of 1-3 inches of rain with locally
    higher amounts where storm training persists longest over these
    same areas still raised the flooding threat in the area to the
    Moderate Risk category. Changes in where the heaviest rains
    today/Day 1 occur may result in shifts of the Moderate Risk,
    particularly if the heaviest expected rains occur further south and
    west into Mississippi and eastern Louisiana. A few of the CAMs
    models are hinting at that possibility.

    ...Southern Plains...

    Across a large swath of Texas on Friday, multiple MCSs may impact
    much of the state. On Friday morning, lingering MCSs from Oklahoma
    and the Slight Risk on Day 1 may be ongoing into north-central
    Texas Friday morning, including into the Metroplex. Widely
    scattered instances of flash flooding will be possible with that.
    More coverage of storms are expected Friday night. The typical
    strengthening MCS will advect extreme instability and moisture over
    all of the eastern half of the state. As storms form and organize
    into MCSs, the potential for additional instances of flash flooding
    will increase. There is considerable uncertainty as to where they
    form and how they track, so a large swath of eastern Texas was
    included in a Slight Risk, especially down towards San Antonio and
    Houston, which have been impacted with heavy rains in recent days,
    and soils remain wetter than normal.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting Saturday afternoon and continuing into Saturday night is
    expected to bring widespread heavy rainfall across portions of the
    central Plains into the Missouri Valley with the greatest threat
    currently expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern
    Kansas, and far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms
    are expected to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating. An
    LLJ of southeasterly flow will pump deep Gulf moisture up the
    Plains through the day. A developing surface low and upper level
    shortwave strengthening the low over Colorado will eject into the
    Plains. This will force the dryline to race eastward in response.
    The warm front associated with the low and the dry line will uplift
    the deep moisture, resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm
    development. These storms are expected to grow upscale into an
    expansive, organized convective system into the evening and
    overnight hours that will then track southeasterly across the risk
    area. The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average
    rainfall totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-3"
    range with locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to
    lead to scattered and potentially widespread flash flooding, which
    has prompted an upgrade to a Moderate Risk. As is usually the case
    with convective systems the exact path and duration will be
    determined by more mesoscale details than the guidance can
    typically pin down at this time frame, so some areal modification
    and possible expansion of the Moderate Risk will be likely over the
    next couple of days. The most likely area for expansion would be
    further to southeast into more of western Missouri and east- central/southeastern Kansans. However, given the noted uncertainty
    with the evolution of these types of systems at this timeframe,
    have limited the extent of the risk area to also overlap where the
    greatest support/confidence is shown by the ensemble
    mean/probabilistic guidance.

    ...Southeast...

    An MCS tracking from the Ozarks following the same front that
    entered interior portions of the Southeast as a cold front on
    Friday will help that same front now retreat as a warm front on
    Saturday. Heavy rains are expected Saturday morning over the Slight
    Risk area from northern Mississippi to southern Alabama as storms
    track southeastward along the retreating front. Daytime heating
    will likely support additional clusters of storms into the
    afternoon in these areas. The heaviest rains over the most
    widespread area will be Saturday morning in northern Mississippi.
    They will be less organized as they move into southern Alabama
    Saturday afternoon, but given the prior day's expected rains in
    these same areas, the Slight Risk includes southern Alabama as
    well. Rainfall totals will likely be more limited than they have
    compared to the prior days but the region will remain more
    susceptible to additional instances of flash flooding given the
    heavy rainfall received from precipitation associated with the
    remnants of T.S. Arthur.

    Putnam/Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026=20

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF=20
    THE OZARKS THROUGH THE MIDWEST AND INTO THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY...=20

    2030Z Update...=20

    Maintained the Slight risk in the Day 4 period and the Marginal=20
    risk on Day 5 with few changes. The wave coming out of the Plains=20
    and crossing into the Midwest remains the primary focus for heavy=20
    to excessive rainfall on Sunday into early Monday. Some differences
    linger in latitude of the axis of heaviest rainfall...but=20
    probabilities were comparable with the overnight guidance.=20
    Likewise...the previously issued outlook was still generally=20
    captured the axis of heavier rainfall that could result in heavy to
    potentially excessive rainfall on Monday. So changes tended to be=20
    few.=20

    Bann=20

    Previous Discussion...=20

    Day 4...=20
    By the start of the day 4 forecast period a potent shortwave and=20
    related surface low are expected to eject eastward out of the=20
    central Plains into the Midwest. There will also be a trailing=20
    frontal boundary extending into the southern Plains to add a focus=20
    for additional thunderstorms. There remains some uncertainty=20
    regarding the speed and latitude of these features, but PWs above=20
    the 90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping=20
    with soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the=20
    Midwest will lead to at least scattered flash flooding concerns.=20
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" are between 30-55% and cover much
    of the SLGT risk area. Locally higher totals are likely given the=20
    convective environment. The progressive nature of these storms may=20
    end up limiting the severity of flash flood impacts, but a MDT risk
    upgrade is possible should training/back-building elements become=20
    more obvious in the short range updates. This is especially the=20
    case given the sensitivity of the affected regions to additional=20 rainfall.=20

    Day 5...=20

    The shortwave and low pressure on day 4 is=20
    forecast to continue east towards the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast,=20
    with additional uncertainties in latitude and speed. Additionally,=20 thunderstorms should reform along the attached frontal boundary=20
    extending westward across the Tennessee Valley and into the=20
    southern Plains. At the moment most convection appears scattered in
    nature and low confidence in placement of heavier QPF. Therefore,=20
    a MRGL risk is highlighted and will be refined in future updates.=20
    Additional thunderstorm activity is likely into the High Plains,=20
    with uncertainty surrounding the impact of a nearby southern Canada
    upper low on thunderstorm activity in the northern High Plains.=20

    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4adtx20aCGyON-cmdZW9JHaostsHy9raPTOgPJDmfNhK= iY5kw-21otXh490trH8DI0CNb740fV9BPkyla8rbfxRSQNU$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4adtx20aCGyON-cmdZW9JHaostsHy9raPTOgPJDmfNhK= iY5kw-21otXh490trH8DI0CNb740fV9BPkyla8rb5Iftz2Y$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4adtx20aCGyON-cmdZW9JHaostsHy9raPTOgPJDmfNhK= iY5kw-21otXh490trH8DI0CNb740fV9BPkyla8rbWn_44Kc$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 19, 2026 00:53:42
    FOUS30 KWBC 190053
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    853 PM EDT Thu Jun 18 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026

    ...THERE IS A HIGH RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...WIDESPREAD AND LIFE THREATENING FLASH FLOODING LIKELY INTO
    TONIGHT FOR THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    01Z Update...
    The most active convection with 2+ inch per hour rainfall rates
    have pushed into parts of southern Alabama as of early this
    evening and the western portion of the High Risk area was shifted
    eastward as well. However...the western portion of the Slight and
    Marginal areas were largely left in place where satellite imagery
    was showing convection reigniting along a boundary across the
    central portion of Louisiana that extended into Mississippi. High
    resolution CAMS were not terribly enthusiastic about additional
    development there but maintained the lower-categories in the ERO
    to account for the possibility that the convection builds farther
    south. No changes needed to the Slight risk area farther west in
    Texas where CAMs still develop convection related to the low level
    jet nor to the Marginal in parts of Arizona and New Mexico. The
    Marginal risk in New England was removed as rain continued to move
    out of the area.

    Bann
    ...1600 UTC Update...
    A widespread and life-threatening flash flood event is underway
    across the central Gulf Coast and will continue to expand
    northeastward deeper into the Southeast throughout the day. Flash
    flood emergencies have already been issued both in southeastern and
    central LA as well as southern Mississippi where bands of
    backbuilding, training thunderstorms have already lead to MRMS
    estimated rainfall totals of 9-11" (see WPC MPD #450 for more
    details). Torrential rainfall is expected to continue throughout
    the day with these ongoing storms as well as additional bands of
    thunderstorms supported by a surface low associated with the
    remnants of Tropical Storm Arthur, an impressive ~40-50 kt low
    level jet off the Gulf, and daily-record level PWATS over 2". Some
    modest adjustments were made to the inherited outlook based on
    ongoing thunderstorms and the latest 12Z hi-res guidance including
    a westward expansion of the High Risk to central Louisiana where
    ongoing life-threatening flash flooding is occurring. A slight
    northeastward expansion was also included across southern
    Mississippi and Alabama given moderate to high probabilities from
    the HREF of 5-8"+ of rainfall. Guidance in general has suggested a northeastward expansion of the flash flood risk bringing heightened
    concern to southwestern to central Georgia as well as further
    north into the southern Appalachians.
    Elsewhere, the Slight Risk over portions of the southern
    Plains/Texas was also expanded based on the latest 12Z hi-res
    guidance. Thunderstorms are expected to develop later this evening
    and into the overnight hours in vicinity of a wave of low pressure
    along an approaching cold front and southward along the dryline.
    Sporadic/slow storm motions and clustering of storms will support
    locally heavy rainfall, especially if the collective
    clustering/merging of cold pools can result in more organized
    complexes as suggested by some of the hi-res guidance. This
    includes both along the Red River Valley, where a Slight Risk is
    already in place, as well as further south along the dryline into
    the Texas Hill Country where the Slight Risk has been expanded.
    Some of the latest hi-res guidance (including the RRFS) is more
    bullish on the potential for heavier rainfall spreading southward
    given expected storm motions and potential for a more organized
    complex to develop.
    Another round of thunderstorms is expected today over portions of
    Arizona and New Mexico where some locally heavy rainfall/isolated
    flash flooding will be possible given heightened moisture in place.
    Most storms will likely be diurnally driven along the more complex
    terrain. Increased moist southerly flow off the Atlantic into
    interior New England/Upstate New York ahead of an approaching low
    pressure system will also bring the threat for some locally heavy
    rainfall (1-3" totals) and isolated flash flooding.
    Putnam
    ...Previous Discussion...
    ...Southeast...
    The remnants of Post Tropical Cyclone Arthur are moving into the
    Central Gulf Coast this morning. While the cyclone center may have
    dissipated, the moisture plume and associated rainfall shield most
    certainly have not. Rainfall moving into southeastern Louisiana
    right now are producing rates to 3 inches per hour. These kinds of
    rainfall rates are expected to continue with the strongest cells
    for much of the day today across the central Gulf Coast. An
    impressive 50 kt low level jet at 850 is advecting very deep
    tropical moisture into the coast. This is pushing PWATs to over 2.6
    inches. Meanwhile instability over the Gulf is up to 4,000 J/kg.
    This is supporting very efficient cells capable of multiple inch
    per hour rates to the east of the remnant circulation center.
    Multiple waves of storms will track south to north across eastern
    Louisiana into southern Mississippi this morning. The area has been
    hard hit with heavy rain in recent days, so larger rivers are
    already flooding, and soils are nearly saturated, so nearly all of
    the heavy rainfall is expected to convert to runoff, resulting in
    more significant river, stream, and creek rises though the morning.
    The eastern side of the plume of moisture will spawn additional
    numerous thunderstorms into southern Alabama and the Florida
    Panhandle through midday. The storm organization is expected to
    change a bit into the afternoon with peak heating. To the west
    across Mississippi and Louisiana, backbuilding and training
    convection is expected to form into 1 or 2 nearly stationary lines,
    as the individual cells embedded within train towards the east
    along the line. Meanwhile, over Alabama, multiple lines of eastward
    moving lines of storms will get the flooding and heavy rainfall
    started as early as mid-morning. The western end of the line in
    LA/MS will become the trailing storms on the southwest end of the
    MCS associated with post tropical cyclone Arthur. This line will
    very slowly drift southeastward towards the Gulf Coast, likely
    impacting Mobile and eventually the Pensacola area, as well as
    points north. This will result in multiple hours from mid-afternoon
    into the evening where training storms track over the same areas.
    The eastward moving convection is expected to move faster towards
    the east than the storms can backbuild, so the trailing line
    responsible for the worst flooding should gradually shift east as
    well. The storms could persist as long as until midnight in the
    Florida Panhandle, but most guidance has it moving on and
    dissipating earlier in the evening. Regardless, with potential for
    multiple inch per hour rainfall rates with numerous storms through
    the day tracking over the same areas, the storm total rainfall in
    these areas is likely to pile up very quickly. Guidance suggests
    rainfall totals in many areas of the High Risk could exceed 12
    inches, though local amounts could approach 20 inches.
    Widespread and potentially life threatening flash flooding is
    likely as a result of these double-digit rainfall numbers. Urban
    areas that could be impacted from New Orleans (in a higher-end
    Moderate Risk), Mobile, and Pensacola could see life-threatening
    flash flooding occur as a result. Everyone should heed the advice
    of local authorities as warnings are issued.
    Across central Alabama into northern Georgia, storm coverage and
    intensity of the strongest cells are expected to be a bit lower,
    but antecedent soil conditions remain nearly saturated. Multiple
    hours of moderate to at times heavy rain are expected up as far
    north as Birmingham and northeast as Atlanta. The Moderate Risk for
    these areas remains in place with few changes. An eastward
    expansion of the Moderate Risk in west-central Georgia was also
    made.
    ...Ohio/Tennessee Valleys...
    A cold front pushing south across the Ohio Valley today will run
    into the northern extent of the deep plume of tropical moisture
    associated with the remnants of Arthur. With daytime heating, the
    clashing of air masses along the front will result in numerous
    showers and thunderstorms developing along the front, which will
    likely be along the KY/TN border, extending ENE into eastern
    Kentucky and southern West Virginia. The storms will be in a
    favorable environment for training as the plume of moisture tracks
    parallel to the front as well. A shortwave trough will help the
    front advance south and east across the area more quickly this
    evening through tonight, which should end any backbuilding and
    training from the afternoon and allow everything to progress
    eastward, ending the flooding threat.
    ...Southwestern Oklahoma into North Texas...
    Overnight tonight, an MCS is expected to develop across
    southwestern Oklahoma and north Texas in response to both proximity
    to the dry line, deep tropical moisture with PWATs approaching 2
    inches, and a developing low over West Texas, encouraging the
    formation of a low level jet into the storms. Given this is a
    smaller feature than the remnants of Arthur to the east, the CAMs
    are struggling much more with where and how long the storms in the
    area will form, and where they will track. Most likely the storms
    will remain along the Red River/OK-TX border. The inherited Slight
    covering most of the rest of Oklahoma into Arkansas was dropped to
    a Marginal as this MCS should remain well separated from the rains
    with Arthur to the east, with little rain in between.
    Wegman
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE CENTRAL
    GULF COAST...

    ...2030 UTC Update...

    The prior forecast reasoning remains on track with the greatest
    concern focused on where additional rainfall Friday may overlap
    some of the torrential totals seen across the central Gulf Coast
    into the Southeast on Thursday. Some instances of flash flooding
    may remain ongoing as well. The now available 12Z hi-res guidance
    supports the greatest risk of additional rainfall of 1-3", locally
    4-6", across much of the inherited Moderate Risk area. Some minor
    areal expansions where made to the northern extent of the moderate
    across southern Alabama and Mississippi based on the latest
    guidance, as well as to the southwest from coastal Mississippi
    into southeastern Louisiana where some of the heaviest 24 hour
    totals (MRMS estimated 6-10") had occurred through Thursday
    afternoon. There was also a signal in the guidance for some similar
    heavier totals further west across portions of western Louisiana.
    However, most of this region did not see rainfall over the past day
    and thus feel comfortable retaining the risk as a higher-end
    Slight for now. Another more isolated but significant area of
    concern will be if any rainfall overlaps portions of east-central
    Louisiana where extreme rainfall of over 24" in the past 24 hours
    has been estimated by MRMS.

    Putnam

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Southeast...

    While the plume of extreme moisture associated with the remnants of
    Arthur will be exiting the Carolina coast at the start of the
    period, deep tropical moisture will remain entrenched over much of
    the Southeast on Friday. A cold front that tracked over the Ohio
    Valley on Day 1/Thursday will continue edging southward into the
    Southeast, bringing much drier air and relief to areas behind it.
    Unfortunately ahead of it, the air mass will remain soupy. The
    moisture off the Gulf will have turned eastward along the front on
    Friday, which will do a couple things: 1) It will not prevent the
    front from making more southward progress, as opposed to a
    southerly low level jet which would actively work against a
    southward moving front. 2) It will create a more unidirectional
    wind flow through the depth of the atmosphere, which will support faster-moving, but training storms along the front. In addition to
    any MCSs which could form in the soupy air mass early in the
    morning, potentially multiple lines of storms will track
    southeastward along the front into the area that just was hit with
    Arthur's remnants the previous day. Thus, the Moderate Risk for
    this area remains in effect. Expected rainfall for most areas will
    generally stay between 1-3 inches on average, so the rainfall
    amounts expected on Friday will pale in comparison to today.
    However, given the expected flooding that will very much still be
    ongoing on Friday, the addition of 1-3 inches of rain with locally
    higher amounts where storm training persists longest over these
    same areas still raised the flooding threat in the area to the
    Moderate Risk category. Changes in where the heaviest rains
    today/Day 1 occur may result in shifts of the Moderate Risk,
    particularly if the heaviest expected rains occur further south and
    west into Mississippi and eastern Louisiana. A few of the CAMs
    models are hinting at that possibility.

    ...Southern Plains...

    Across a large swath of Texas on Friday, multiple MCSs may impact
    much of the state. On Friday morning, lingering MCSs from Oklahoma
    and the Slight Risk on Day 1 may be ongoing into north-central
    Texas Friday morning, including into the Metroplex. Widely
    scattered instances of flash flooding will be possible with that.
    More coverage of storms are expected Friday night. The typical
    strengthening MCS will advect extreme instability and moisture over
    all of the eastern half of the state. As storms form and organize
    into MCSs, the potential for additional instances of flash flooding
    will increase. There is considerable uncertainty as to where they
    form and how they track, so a large swath of eastern Texas was
    included in a Slight Risk, especially down towards San Antonio and
    Houston, which have been impacted with heavy rains in recent days,
    and soils remain wetter than normal.

    Wegman
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting Saturday afternoon and continuing into Saturday night is
    expected to bring widespread heavy rainfall across portions of the
    central Plains into the Missouri Valley with the greatest threat
    currently expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern
    Kansas, and far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms
    are expected to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating. An
    LLJ of southeasterly flow will pump deep Gulf moisture up the
    Plains through the day. A developing surface low and upper level
    shortwave strengthening the low over Colorado will eject into the
    Plains. This will force the dryline to race eastward in response.
    The warm front associated with the low and the dry line will uplift
    the deep moisture, resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm
    development. These storms are expected to grow upscale into an
    expansive, organized convective system into the evening and
    overnight hours that will then track southeasterly across the risk
    area. The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average
    rainfall totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-3"
    range with locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to
    lead to scattered and potentially widespread flash flooding, which
    has prompted an upgrade to a Moderate Risk. As is usually the case
    with convective systems the exact path and duration will be
    determined by more mesoscale details than the guidance can
    typically pin down at this time frame, so some areal modification
    and possible expansion of the Moderate Risk will be likely over the
    next couple of days. The most likely area for expansion would be
    further to southeast into more of western Missouri and east- central/southeastern Kansans. However, given the noted uncertainty
    with the evolution of these types of systems at this timeframe,
    have limited the extent of the risk area to also overlap where the
    greatest support/confidence is shown by the ensemble
    mean/probabilistic guidance.

    ...Southeast...

    An MCS tracking from the Ozarks following the same front that
    entered interior portions of the Southeast as a cold front on
    Friday will help that same front now retreat as a warm front on
    Saturday. Heavy rains are expected Saturday morning over the Slight
    Risk area from northern Mississippi to southern Alabama as storms
    track southeastward along the retreating front. Daytime heating
    will likely support additional clusters of storms into the
    afternoon in these areas. The heaviest rains over the most
    widespread area will be Saturday morning in northern Mississippi.
    They will be less organized as they move into southern Alabama
    Saturday afternoon, but given the prior day's expected rains in
    these same areas, the Slight Risk includes southern Alabama as
    well. Rainfall totals will likely be more limited than they have
    compared to the prior days but the region will remain more
    susceptible to additional instances of flash flooding given the
    heavy rainfall received from precipitation associated with the
    remnants of T.S. Arthur.

    Putnam/Wegman
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026
    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE OZARKS THROUGH THE MIDWEST AND INTO THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY...
    2030Z Update...
    Maintained the Slight risk in the Day 4 period and the Marginal
    risk on Day 5 with few changes. The wave coming out of the Plains
    and crossing into the Midwest remains the primary focus for heavy
    to excessive rainfall on Sunday into early Monday. Some differences
    linger in latitude of the axis of heaviest rainfall...but
    probabilities were comparable with the overnight guidance. Likewise...the previously issued outlook was still generally captured the axis of
    heavier rainfall that could result in heavy to potentially
    excessive rainfall on Monday. So changes tended to be few.
    Bann
    Previous Discussion...
    Day 4... By the start of the day 4 forecast period a potent
    shortwave and related surface low are expected to eject eastward
    out of the central Plains into the Midwest. There will also be a
    trailing frontal boundary extending into the southern Plains to add
    a focus for additional thunderstorms. There remains some
    uncertainty regarding the speed and latitude of these features, but
    PWs above the 90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS)
    overlapping with soils likely still recovering from recent heavy
    rain in the Midwest will lead to at least scattered flash flooding
    concerns. NBM probabilities for at least 2" are between 30-55% and
    cover much of the SLGT risk area. Locally higher totals are likely
    given the convective environment. The progressive nature of these
    storms may end up limiting the severity of flash flood impacts, but
    a MDT risk upgrade is possible should training/back-building
    elements become more obvious in the short range updates. This is
    especially the case given the sensitivity of the affected regions
    to additional rainfall.
    Day 5... The shortwave and low pressure on day 4 is forecast to
    continue east towards the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, with
    additional uncertainties in latitude and speed. Additionally,
    thunderstorms should reform along the attached frontal boundary
    extending westward across the Tennessee Valley and into the
    southern Plains. At the moment most convection appears scattered in
    nature and low confidence in placement of heavier QPF. Therefore, a
    MRGL risk is highlighted and will be refined in future updates.
    Additional thunderstorm activity is likely into the High Plains,
    with uncertainty surrounding the impact of a nearby southern Canada
    upper low on thunderstorm activity in the northern High Plains.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_tIhNSvkIPY35ZrORHtsU5rQjz04YmEknmze9RBXYKI_= NxXsqe6y0wOc39sqIGZ6Y6of0VBoQWVhHHQGhEPANmaslVE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_tIhNSvkIPY35ZrORHtsU5rQjz04YmEknmze9RBXYKI_= NxXsqe6y0wOc39sqIGZ6Y6of0VBoQWVhHHQGhEPAkwy3hzY$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_tIhNSvkIPY35ZrORHtsU5rQjz04YmEknmze9RBXYKI_= NxXsqe6y0wOc39sqIGZ6Y6of0VBoQWVhHHQGhEPAZ1rEV68$=20



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 19, 2026 07:28:32
    FOUS30 KWBC 190728
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    328 AM EDT Fri Jun 19 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL GULF COAST REGION...

    ...Central Gulf Coast States...

    Lingering flood impacts following the deluge over the last 24
    hours will be exacerbated by additional rounds of slow-moving
    convection today from central MS and eastern LA to the FL Panhandle
    and far southwest GA. Low-to-mid level convergence will extend in
    a west-east orientation just to the north of the Gulf Coast and
    remain a focus for broken areas of showers and thunderstorms
    throughout the day. These storms will tap into PWs above 2" and
    remain relatively slow-moving with westerly convergent 850mb flow
    less than 15 kts, leading to hourly rates of 2-3"/hr. Activity will
    likely be ongoing across the region at 12z and pulse throughout
    the day and into the overnight period. 00z HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" per 6-hrs start the day 1 period as high as 60% across
    southern AL and the FL Panhandle before becoming more scattered in
    nature and lowering to around 30% for the overnight period. The
    primary factor for maintaining the MDT risk is the fact that these
    storms are likely to overlap with an area that recently received
    widespread 4-8" rainfall totals (locally over 12") and soils are
    easily overcome when rainfall rates exceed 2"/hr. This will lead to
    additional scattered flash flood concerns on top of ongoing flood
    impacts and recovery efforts.

    ...Southern Plains to the Upper Texas Coast...

    Scattered flash flooding is also a concern from southern OK into
    much of central and eastern TX today as thunderstorm activity
    begins early this morning and gradually meanders east with time
    through tonight. Vast amounts of uncertainty exist with the
    mesoscale details surrounding the excessive rainfall forecast in
    this area, particularly for being a day 1 forecast, but PWs
    near/slightly above 2" and widespread dew points into the upper 70s
    and low 80s point to an environment ripe for intense rainfall
    rates. As convection develops early this morning the expectation is
    for an MCV or multiple MCVs to spawn ahead of an approaching weak
    shortwave and within a building ridge over the south-central U.S..
    This weak steering pattern will lead to conditions where MCV
    location and outflow boundaries could drive the convective mode.
    Even if thunderstorms remain mostly progressive after cold pools
    develop, intense rainfall rates of 2-3" are possible throughout the
    Southern Plains into eastern TX and the ArkLaTex. One area of
    focus to monitor into the overnight period into Saturday morning
    will be across eastern TX into central LA where a frontal boundary
    is forecast to drape and potential interact with a weak surface
    low or remnant MCV. Several CAMs indicate more widespread
    thunderstorm activity around 12z Sat. here or just to the south
    across southeast TX as the nocturnal low-level flow increases
    towards the frontal boundary. 00z HREF neighborhood probs for at
    least 3" per 6-hrs are generally around 30% here, but REFS probs
    are much higher (60%) and farther south along the upper TX
    coastline. Thus, a large SLGT risk is in effect for this region to
    highlight the widely scattered/uncertain nature of thunderstorms,
    but while also likely containing intense rainfall rates capable of
    flash flood impacts.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting Saturday afternoon and continuing into Saturday night is
    expected to bring widespread heavy rainfall across portions of the
    central Plains into the Missouri Valley with the greatest threat
    currently expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern
    Kansas, and far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms
    are expected to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over
    the central High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing
    the Rockies. Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will pump deep
    Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force the
    dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development. These
    storms are expected to grow upscale into an expansive, organized
    convective system into the evening and overnight hours that will
    then track southeasterly across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-3" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    scattered and potentially widespread flash flooding, which has
    prompted the level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with
    convective systems the exact path and duration will be determined
    by more mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down
    at this time frame, so some areal modification and possible
    expansion of the Moderate Risk will be likely over the next couple
    of days. The most likely area for expansion would be further to
    southeast into more of western Missouri and east-
    central/southeastern Kansas. However, given the noted uncertainty
    with the evolution of these types of systems at this timeframe,
    have limited the extent of the risk area to also overlap where the
    greatest support/confidence is shown by the ensemble
    mean/probabilistic guidance.

    ...Eastern Texas through the Central Gulf Coast...

    One more day of scattered slow-moving storms is expected on
    Saturday across the Deep South between eastern TX and southern
    AL/FL Panhandle. The lingering frontal boundary draped north of the
    Gulf Coast will begin to lift north during the day and leave
    convection widely scattered, but more focused activity is likely
    during the morning hours as high pressure over the Tennessee Valley
    keeps the thermal/moisture gradient rather sharp and focuses
    ongoing thunderstorm activity within PWs above 2". Lingering MCV(s)
    from the day 1 period across eastern TX and the Lower Mississippi
    Valley could also add locations for more organized thunderstorm
    activity. The soils in this region also remain extremely saturated
    and sensitive to additional intense rainfall rates, leading to the
    potential for scattered instances of flash flooding on Saturday and
    the SLGT risk of excessive rainfall.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM EASTERN
    OKLAHOMA AND THE OZARKS THROUGH MUCH OF THE MIDWEST AND OHIO VALLEY...

    ...Midwest...

    By the start of the day 3 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There remains some uncertainty
    regarding the speed and latitude of these features, but PWs above
    the 90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping
    with soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the
    Midwest will lead to at least scattered flash flooding concerns.
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" are very high (between 60-80%)
    and cover much of the northern SLGT risk area from MO/IA to OH.
    Locally higher totals are likely given the convective environment.
    The progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the
    severity of flash flood impacts, but a MDT risk upgrade is possible
    should training/back- building elements become more obvious in the
    short range updates, particularly along the leading warm front
    ahead of the primary surface low.

    ...Southern Plains, Ozarks, and Lower Ohio Valley...

    The setup on Sunday could lead to a southern secondary axis of
    heaviest QPF and flash flooding impacts. The southern end of the
    Saturday night thunderstorm complex/MCS is likely to sink
    southeastward near a trailing cold front and impact areas near the
    Ozarks early Sunday. Then, the expectation is for reforming
    scattered convection during peak daytime heating and reorganization
    of thunderstorms overnight Sunday associated with the LLJ to span
    from OK to the Lower Ohio Valley, including northern AR, southern
    MO, and western TN/KY. This combines for guidance to currently
    depict current QPF amounts of 2-4" and an average localized max of
    6". There remains obvious mesoscale uncertainties at this stage,
    but with Pws near the 90th climatological percentile and a
    favorably oriented west- east frontal boundary, it's possible a MDT
    risk upgrade may be needed once CAMs come into forecast range. For
    the Lower Ohio Valley in particular, some guidance also highlights thunderstorms associated with the initial warm front lifting
    northward, which could add yet another potential for slow-moving
    repeating thunderstorms.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE VALLEYS, AND
    CENTRAL APPALACHIANS ON DAY 4...

    Day 4 continues to an active pattern through a good portion of the
    CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 50-80% probs for >1" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-2.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D4 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision.

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D4 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to an upgrade
    to a SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains
    through parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee
    Valleys. The risk extends through the Smokey Mountains up into
    parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the
    convergence regime follows the frontal positioning over these
    areas.

    Day 5 is a transition period into a more typical summer time regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging positioning itself across the
    Southwest. This will cause a persistent northwesterly flow pattern
    across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the Lower
    Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out of the
    Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesteries in place between the
    ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS development and
    flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and points southeast
    as the steering flow orients between the base of the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is historically projecting a
    case of thunderstorm maturation and upscale growth over the area
    between CO/KS down through OK/TX with potentially the Red River
    Basin as a focus for thunderstorm activity. Eventually this ends up
    migrating into the ArkLaTex and/or Lower Mississippi area which is
    showing up in the QPF footprint on ensembles. With this becoming a
    more stable signal in the global ensembles and aligning with the
    NBM QPF output, a MRGL risk was added to the new D5 to account for
    this potential evolution.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5YoEOmxHrStp70yidIrExb99j5MyYp5QdEjEpaVzJWEA= 18a-cRAug3JTQl0siPZUWxuPma2NPz8BBPetM8ryru2JZhc$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5YoEOmxHrStp70yidIrExb99j5MyYp5QdEjEpaVzJWEA= 18a-cRAug3JTQl0siPZUWxuPma2NPz8BBPetM8ryW0ADAaU$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5YoEOmxHrStp70yidIrExb99j5MyYp5QdEjEpaVzJWEA= 18a-cRAug3JTQl0siPZUWxuPma2NPz8BBPetM8ryidGR95M$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 19, 2026 15:45:57
    FOUS30 KWBC 191545
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1145 AM EDT Fri Jun 19 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL GULF COAST REGION...

    ...16Z Update...

    No major changes were needed for the risk areas with this update.
    Much of the expected rainfall is ongoing in the defined risk areas
    across Texas, and for the MDT risk region, more widespread
    scattered convection is expected to develop over the next few hours
    with daytime heating. The convection appears unlikely to become
    very organized, instead favoring pulse thunderstorms or small
    clusters. Cell mergers appear to be the biggest threat when it
    comes to localized renewed flash flooding this afternoon in the
    Moderate Risk area across southern Alabama and Mississippi.

    Elsewhere, a higher-end Slight has been issued for northern
    Louisiana into northeast Texas for the ongoing very slow-moving
    storms that are approaching Texarkana. These storms are expected to
    continue building eastward into the afternoon, followed by a break
    in the area for much of the overnight. Additional convection could
    develop in the early morning hours.

    The Slight over Georgia was expanded to near the coast for the
    ongoing training storms in that area, which could persist into the
    afternoon.

    Finally, the Marginal Risk across the eastern Carolinas was dropped
    with this update as the rain ongoing there pushes offshore and much
    drier air replaces them, ending even a Marginal flooding threat
    there.

    Wegman

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Central Gulf Coast States...

    Lingering flood impacts following the deluge over the last 24
    hours will be exacerbated by additional rounds of slow-moving
    convection today from central MS and eastern LA to the FL Panhandle
    and far southwest GA. Low-to-mid level convergence will extend in
    a west-east orientation just to the north of the Gulf Coast and
    remain a focus for broken areas of showers and thunderstorms
    throughout the day. These storms will tap into PWs above 2" and
    remain relatively slow-moving with westerly convergent 850mb flow
    less than 15 kts, leading to hourly rates of 2-3"/hr. Activity will
    likely be ongoing across the region at 12z and pulse throughout
    the day and into the overnight period. 00z HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" per 6-hrs start the day 1 period as high as 60% across
    southern AL and the FL Panhandle before becoming more scattered in
    nature and lowering to around 30% for the overnight period. The
    primary factor for maintaining the MDT risk is the fact that these
    storms are likely to overlap with an area that recently received
    widespread 4-8" rainfall totals (locally over 12") and soils are
    easily overcome when rainfall rates exceed 2"/hr. This will lead to
    additional scattered flash flood concerns on top of ongoing flood
    impacts and recovery efforts.

    ...Southern Plains to the Upper Texas Coast...

    Scattered flash flooding is also a concern from southern OK into
    much of central and eastern TX today as thunderstorm activity
    begins early this morning and gradually meanders east with time
    through tonight. Vast amounts of uncertainty exist with the
    mesoscale details surrounding the excessive rainfall forecast in
    this area, particularly for being a day 1 forecast, but PWs
    near/slightly above 2" and widespread dew points into the upper 70s
    and low 80s point to an environment ripe for intense rainfall
    rates. As convection develops early this morning the expectation is
    for an MCV or multiple MCVs to spawn ahead of an approaching weak
    shortwave and within a building ridge over the south-central U.S..
    This weak steering pattern will lead to conditions where MCV
    location and outflow boundaries could drive the convective mode.
    Even if thunderstorms remain mostly progressive after cold pools
    develop, intense rainfall rates of 2-3" are possible throughout the
    Southern Plains into eastern TX and the ArkLaTex. One area of
    focus to monitor into the overnight period into Saturday morning
    will be across eastern TX into central LA where a frontal boundary
    is forecast to drape and potential interact with a weak surface
    low or remnant MCV. Several CAMs indicate more widespread
    thunderstorm activity around 12z Sat. here or just to the south
    across southeast TX as the nocturnal low-level flow increases
    towards the frontal boundary. 00z HREF neighborhood probs for at
    least 3" per 6-hrs are generally around 30% here, but REFS probs
    are much higher (60%) and farther south along the upper TX
    coastline. Thus, a large SLGT risk is in effect for this region to
    highlight the widely scattered/uncertain nature of thunderstorms,
    but while also likely containing intense rainfall rates capable of
    flash flood impacts.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting Saturday afternoon and continuing into Saturday night is
    expected to bring widespread heavy rainfall across portions of the
    central Plains into the Missouri Valley with the greatest threat
    currently expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern
    Kansas, and far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms
    are expected to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over
    the central High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing
    the Rockies. Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will pump deep
    Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force the
    dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development. These
    storms are expected to grow upscale into an expansive, organized
    convective system into the evening and overnight hours that will
    then track southeasterly across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-3" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    scattered and potentially widespread flash flooding, which has
    prompted the level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with
    convective systems the exact path and duration will be determined
    by more mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down
    at this time frame, so some areal modification and possible
    expansion of the Moderate Risk will be likely over the next couple
    of days. The most likely area for expansion would be further to
    southeast into more of western Missouri and east-
    central/southeastern Kansas. However, given the noted uncertainty
    with the evolution of these types of systems at this timeframe,
    have limited the extent of the risk area to also overlap where the
    greatest support/confidence is shown by the ensemble
    mean/probabilistic guidance.

    ...Eastern Texas through the Central Gulf Coast...

    One more day of scattered slow-moving storms is expected on
    Saturday across the Deep South between eastern TX and southern
    AL/FL Panhandle. The lingering frontal boundary draped north of the
    Gulf Coast will begin to lift north during the day and leave
    convection widely scattered, but more focused activity is likely
    during the morning hours as high pressure over the Tennessee Valley
    keeps the thermal/moisture gradient rather sharp and focuses
    ongoing thunderstorm activity within PWs above 2". Lingering MCV(s)
    from the day 1 period across eastern TX and the Lower Mississippi
    Valley could also add locations for more organized thunderstorm
    activity. The soils in this region also remain extremely saturated
    and sensitive to additional intense rainfall rates, leading to the
    potential for scattered instances of flash flooding on Saturday and
    the SLGT risk of excessive rainfall.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM EASTERN
    OKLAHOMA AND THE OZARKS THROUGH MUCH OF THE MIDWEST AND OHIO VALLEY...

    ...Midwest...

    By the start of the day 3 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There remains some uncertainty
    regarding the speed and latitude of these features, but PWs above
    the 90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping
    with soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the
    Midwest will lead to at least scattered flash flooding concerns.
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" are very high (between 60-80%)
    and cover much of the northern SLGT risk area from MO/IA to OH.
    Locally higher totals are likely given the convective environment.
    The progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the
    severity of flash flood impacts, but a MDT risk upgrade is possible
    should training/back- building elements become more obvious in the
    short range updates, particularly along the leading warm front
    ahead of the primary surface low.

    ...Southern Plains, Ozarks, and Lower Ohio Valley...

    The setup on Sunday could lead to a southern secondary axis of
    heaviest QPF and flash flooding impacts. The southern end of the
    Saturday night thunderstorm complex/MCS is likely to sink
    southeastward near a trailing cold front and impact areas near the
    Ozarks early Sunday. Then, the expectation is for reforming
    scattered convection during peak daytime heating and reorganization
    of thunderstorms overnight Sunday associated with the LLJ to span
    from OK to the Lower Ohio Valley, including northern AR, southern
    MO, and western TN/KY. This combines for guidance to currently
    depict current QPF amounts of 2-4" and an average localized max of
    6". There remains obvious mesoscale uncertainties at this stage,
    but with Pws near the 90th climatological percentile and a
    favorably oriented west- east frontal boundary, it's possible a MDT
    risk upgrade may be needed once CAMs come into forecast range. For
    the Lower Ohio Valley in particular, some guidance also highlights thunderstorms associated with the initial warm front lifting
    northward, which could add yet another potential for slow-moving
    repeating thunderstorms.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE VALLEYS, AND
    CENTRAL APPALACHIANS ON DAY 4...

    Day 4 continues to an active pattern through a good portion of the
    CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 50-80% probs for >1" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-2.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D4 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision.

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D4 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to an upgrade
    to a SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains
    through parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee
    Valleys. The risk extends through the Smokey Mountains up into
    parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the
    convergence regime follows the frontal positioning over these
    areas.

    Day 5 is a transition period into a more typical summer time regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging positioning itself across the
    Southwest. This will cause a persistent northwesterly flow pattern
    across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the Lower
    Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out of the
    Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesteries in place between the
    ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS development and
    flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and points southeast
    as the steering flow orients between the base of the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is historically projecting a
    case of thunderstorm maturation and upscale growth over the area
    between CO/KS down through OK/TX with potentially the Red River
    Basin as a focus for thunderstorm activity. Eventually this ends up
    migrating into the ArkLaTex and/or Lower Mississippi area which is
    showing up in the QPF footprint on ensembles. With this becoming a
    more stable signal in the global ensembles and aligning with the
    NBM QPF output, a MRGL risk was added to the new D5 to account for
    this potential evolution.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8WHSF9G_oyB4vd_XlR7OeC-8_3onJrnp3NRuSOW6PeSD= raC5XrjdRCKMSxgWHaNZ0aii37r6wm9sBjOQuxnrYKc2n4E$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8WHSF9G_oyB4vd_XlR7OeC-8_3onJrnp3NRuSOW6PeSD= raC5XrjdRCKMSxgWHaNZ0aii37r6wm9sBjOQuxnr5pALH3A$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8WHSF9G_oyB4vd_XlR7OeC-8_3onJrnp3NRuSOW6PeSD= raC5XrjdRCKMSxgWHaNZ0aii37r6wm9sBjOQuxnrY1Th2bY$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 19, 2026 20:04:48
    FOUS30 KWBC 192004
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    404 PM EDT Fri Jun 19 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL GULF COAST REGION...

    ...16Z Update...

    No major changes were needed for the risk areas with this update.
    Much of the expected rainfall is ongoing in the defined risk areas
    across Texas, and for the MDT risk region, more widespread
    scattered convection is expected to develop over the next few hours
    with daytime heating. The convection appears unlikely to become
    very organized, instead favoring pulse thunderstorms or small
    clusters. Cell mergers appear to be the biggest threat when it
    comes to localized renewed flash flooding this afternoon in the
    Moderate Risk area across southern Alabama and Mississippi.

    Elsewhere, a higher-end Slight has been issued for northern
    Louisiana into northeast Texas for the ongoing very slow-moving
    storms that are approaching Texarkana. These storms are expected to
    continue building eastward into the afternoon, followed by a break
    in the area for much of the overnight. Additional convection could
    develop in the early morning hours.

    The Slight over Georgia was expanded to near the coast for the
    ongoing training storms in that area, which could persist into the
    afternoon.

    Finally, the Marginal Risk across the eastern Carolinas was dropped
    with this update as the rain ongoing there pushes offshore and much
    drier air replaces them, ending even a Marginal flooding threat
    there.

    Wegman

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Central Gulf Coast States...

    Lingering flood impacts following the deluge over the last 24
    hours will be exacerbated by additional rounds of slow-moving
    convection today from central MS and eastern LA to the FL Panhandle
    and far southwest GA. Low-to-mid level convergence will extend in
    a west-east orientation just to the north of the Gulf Coast and
    remain a focus for broken areas of showers and thunderstorms
    throughout the day. These storms will tap into PWs above 2" and
    remain relatively slow-moving with westerly convergent 850mb flow
    less than 15 kts, leading to hourly rates of 2-3"/hr. Activity will
    likely be ongoing across the region at 12z and pulse throughout
    the day and into the overnight period. 00z HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" per 6-hrs start the day 1 period as high as 60% across
    southern AL and the FL Panhandle before becoming more scattered in
    nature and lowering to around 30% for the overnight period. The
    primary factor for maintaining the MDT risk is the fact that these
    storms are likely to overlap with an area that recently received
    widespread 4-8" rainfall totals (locally over 12") and soils are
    easily overcome when rainfall rates exceed 2"/hr. This will lead to
    additional scattered flash flood concerns on top of ongoing flood
    impacts and recovery efforts.

    ...Southern Plains to the Upper Texas Coast...

    Scattered flash flooding is also a concern from southern OK into
    much of central and eastern TX today as thunderstorm activity
    begins early this morning and gradually meanders east with time
    through tonight. Vast amounts of uncertainty exist with the
    mesoscale details surrounding the excessive rainfall forecast in
    this area, particularly for being a day 1 forecast, but PWs
    near/slightly above 2" and widespread dew points into the upper 70s
    and low 80s point to an environment ripe for intense rainfall
    rates. As convection develops early this morning the expectation is
    for an MCV or multiple MCVs to spawn ahead of an approaching weak
    shortwave and within a building ridge over the south-central U.S..
    This weak steering pattern will lead to conditions where MCV
    location and outflow boundaries could drive the convective mode.
    Even if thunderstorms remain mostly progressive after cold pools
    develop, intense rainfall rates of 2-3" are possible throughout the
    Southern Plains into eastern TX and the ArkLaTex. One area of
    focus to monitor into the overnight period into Saturday morning
    will be across eastern TX into central LA where a frontal boundary
    is forecast to drape and potential interact with a weak surface
    low or remnant MCV. Several CAMs indicate more widespread
    thunderstorm activity around 12z Sat. here or just to the south
    across southeast TX as the nocturnal low-level flow increases
    towards the frontal boundary. 00z HREF neighborhood probs for at
    least 3" per 6-hrs are generally around 30% here, but REFS probs
    are much higher (60%) and farther south along the upper TX
    coastline. Thus, a large SLGT risk is in effect for this region to
    highlight the widely scattered/uncertain nature of thunderstorms,
    but while also likely containing intense rainfall rates capable of
    flash flood impacts.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...2030Z Update...

    Few changes were needed for the Saturday/Day 2 period. Expected
    rainfall over the Central Plains Moderate Risk area remains very
    similar to the previous forecast. Despite heavy rains in the area
    in recent weeks, soils in the area have have some time to dry out,
    which should work to mitigate some of the flooding impacts in the
    area. Regardless, in much of the Moderate Risk area, enough rain is
    expected from the overnight MCS to result in scattered to numerous
    instances of flash flooding where the heaviest rains persist the
    longest. This will roughly follow the eastern 2/3 of the NE/KS
    border. Expected rainfall amounts have come down a bit towards far
    eastern Kansas into Missouri, likely due to a bit faster forward
    speed of the MCS's associated storms by the time the MCS reaches
    that area after midnight Sunday morning, so the Moderate Risk was
    trimmed and the Slight in western Missouri was trimmed as well.

    Along the Gulf Coast, few changes were needed. As with today,
    slow-moving training convection in the Slight Risk area is likely
    to impact many areas of yesterday's High Risk and today's Moderate
    Risk areas. Sufficient dry time in between should prevent the
    widespread impacts that would necessitate a Moderate Risk upgrade
    in this area for now...but the area will certainly need to continue
    to be monitored to ensure that expected behavior persists.

    Wegman

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting Saturday afternoon and continuing into Saturday night is
    expected to bring widespread heavy rainfall across portions of the
    central Plains into the Missouri Valley with the greatest threat
    currently expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern
    Kansas, and far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms
    are expected to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over
    the central High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing
    the Rockies. Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will pump deep
    Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force the
    dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development. These
    storms are expected to grow upscale into an expansive, organized
    convective system into the evening and overnight hours that will
    then track southeasterly across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-3" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    scattered and potentially widespread flash flooding, which has
    prompted the level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with
    convective systems the exact path and duration will be determined
    by more mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down
    at this time frame, so some areal modification and possible
    expansion of the Moderate Risk will be likely over the next couple
    of days. The most likely area for expansion would be further to
    southeast into more of western Missouri and east-
    central/southeastern Kansas. However, given the noted uncertainty
    with the evolution of these types of systems at this timeframe,
    have limited the extent of the risk area to also overlap where the
    greatest support/confidence is shown by the ensemble
    mean/probabilistic guidance.

    ...Eastern Texas through the Central Gulf Coast...

    One more day of scattered slow-moving storms is expected on
    Saturday across the Deep South between eastern TX and southern
    AL/FL Panhandle. The lingering frontal boundary draped north of the
    Gulf Coast will begin to lift north during the day and leave
    convection widely scattered, but more focused activity is likely
    during the morning hours as high pressure over the Tennessee Valley
    keeps the thermal/moisture gradient rather sharp and focuses
    ongoing thunderstorm activity within PWs above 2". Lingering MCV(s)
    from the day 1 period across eastern TX and the Lower Mississippi
    Valley could also add locations for more organized thunderstorm
    activity. The soils in this region also remain extremely saturated
    and sensitive to additional intense rainfall rates, leading to the
    potential for scattered instances of flash flooding on Saturday and
    the SLGT risk of excessive rainfall.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM EASTERN
    OKLAHOMA AND THE OZARKS THROUGH MUCH OF THE MIDWEST AND OHIO
    VALLEY AS WELL AS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...2030Z Update...

    Across the center of the country from the Ozarks to the Midwest,
    few changes were needed with this update. The MCS from the Plains
    on D2 continues east across the Midwest on D3/Sunday. As it moves
    east, it encounters increasingly plentiful Gulf moisture already in
    place, while the low and the MCS itself draw additional moisture
    advection from the south into the system. This will ensure the
    storms continue right through the period, as the MCS slowly moves
    east. As usual, the southern end of the MCS appears to be the area
    of greatest concern, as the storms on the south side are the first
    to ingest the deep Gulf moisture over the area. This will encourage
    the storms to linger and backbuild to the southwest, extending the
    duration of the heavy rainfall in those areas. Further, FFGs across
    much of the Midwest remain depressed due to recent heavy rainfall,
    and soils are wetter than normal. Some drying in between now and
    Sunday should help to mitigate flooding somewhat, but the strongest
    storms should have no trouble exceeding the FFGs as 2-3 inch/hour
    rates are expected. A Moderate Risk remains possible. If one were
    to be issued, it appears a band extending west to east along I-70
    in Missouri, then following I-64 across southern Illinois, Indiana,
    and then east through Cincinnati and northern Kentucky appears most
    probable. However, the details of the storms and their placement
    remain difficult to pinpoint, especially as this remains outside of
    the CAMs range, so additional changes are likely.

    ...South Dakota...

    An MCS, separate from the one going into the Midwest, likely gets
    started across South Dakota Saturday night. With dry soils in the
    area, the rain with the intial storms then are likely to be
    absorbed with only isolated flooding concerns. However, going into
    Sunday morning, the redevelopment of the storms across the area
    will increase the flooding potential in the area with time. A
    southeasterly jet of moisture wrapping around a low over Nebraska
    should keep a continuous supply of moisture heading into the
    storms, and with that windflow working counter to the southeasterly
    movement of the storms, that should work to slow the storms'
    forward speed, worsening flooding concerns. Given all this and in
    coordination with ABR/Aberdeen, SD and UNR/Rapid City, SD forecast
    offices, a Slight Risk area was introduced with this update.

    Wegman

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Midwest...

    By the start of the day 3 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There remains some uncertainty
    regarding the speed and latitude of these features, but PWs above
    the 90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping
    with soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the
    Midwest will lead to at least scattered flash flooding concerns.
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" are very high (between 60-80%)
    and cover much of the northern SLGT risk area from MO/IA to OH.
    Locally higher totals are likely given the convective environment.
    The progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the
    severity of flash flood impacts, but a MDT risk upgrade is possible
    should training/back- building elements become more obvious in the
    short range updates, particularly along the leading warm front
    ahead of the primary surface low.

    ...Southern Plains, Ozarks, and Lower Ohio Valley...

    The setup on Sunday could lead to a southern secondary axis of
    heaviest QPF and flash flooding impacts. The southern end of the
    Saturday night thunderstorm complex/MCS is likely to sink
    southeastward near a trailing cold front and impact areas near the
    Ozarks early Sunday. Then, the expectation is for reforming
    scattered convection during peak daytime heating and reorganization
    of thunderstorms overnight Sunday associated with the LLJ to span
    from OK to the Lower Ohio Valley, including northern AR, southern
    MO, and western TN/KY. This combines for guidance to currently
    depict current QPF amounts of 2-4" and an average localized max of
    6". There remains obvious mesoscale uncertainties at this stage,
    but with Pws near the 90th climatological percentile and a
    favorably oriented west- east frontal boundary, it's possible a MDT
    risk upgrade may be needed once CAMs come into forecast range. For
    the Lower Ohio Valley in particular, some guidance also highlights thunderstorms associated with the initial warm front lifting
    northward, which could add yet another potential for slow-moving
    repeating thunderstorms.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE VALLEYS, AND
    CENTRAL APPALACHIANS ON DAY 4...

    Day 4 continues to an active pattern through a good portion of the
    CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 50-80% probs for >1" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-2.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D4 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision.

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D4 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to an upgrade
    to a SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains
    through parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee
    Valleys. The risk extends through the Smokey Mountains up into
    parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the
    convergence regime follows the frontal positioning over these
    areas.

    Day 5 is a transition period into a more typical summer time regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging positioning itself across the
    Southwest. This will cause a persistent northwesterly flow pattern
    across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the Lower
    Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out of the
    Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesteries in place between the
    ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS development and
    flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and points southeast
    as the steering flow orients between the base of the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is historically projecting a
    case of thunderstorm maturation and upscale growth over the area
    between CO/KS down through OK/TX with potentially the Red River
    Basin as a focus for thunderstorm activity. Eventually this ends up
    migrating into the ArkLaTex and/or Lower Mississippi area which is
    showing up in the QPF footprint on ensembles. With this becoming a
    more stable signal in the global ensembles and aligning with the
    NBM QPF output, a MRGL risk was added to the new D5 to account for
    this potential evolution.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8y4Ri2YfWPRr6ubfE8wy47xNi4x7rwGVvrl_JbB0zPpP= _0QOdPMK3lSX0IBcJVRPN1_ST2q93lNbCBhE82gz8zcU45M$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8y4Ri2YfWPRr6ubfE8wy47xNi4x7rwGVvrl_JbB0zPpP= _0QOdPMK3lSX0IBcJVRPN1_ST2q93lNbCBhE82gzfwWfhe8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8y4Ri2YfWPRr6ubfE8wy47xNi4x7rwGVvrl_JbB0zPpP= _0QOdPMK3lSX0IBcJVRPN1_ST2q93lNbCBhE82gzS3LjL9Q$=20



    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 19, 2026 20:13:59
    FOUS30 KWBC 192013
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    413 PM EDT Fri Jun 19 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Fri Jun 19 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL GULF COAST REGION...

    ...16Z Update...

    No major changes were needed for the risk areas with this update.
    Much of the expected rainfall is ongoing in the defined risk areas
    across Texas, and for the MDT risk region, more widespread
    scattered convection is expected to develop over the next few hours
    with daytime heating. The convection appears unlikely to become
    very organized, instead favoring pulse thunderstorms or small
    clusters. Cell mergers appear to be the biggest threat when it
    comes to localized renewed flash flooding this afternoon in the
    Moderate Risk area across southern Alabama and Mississippi.

    Elsewhere, a higher-end Slight has been issued for northern
    Louisiana into northeast Texas for the ongoing very slow-moving
    storms that are approaching Texarkana. These storms are expected to
    continue building eastward into the afternoon, followed by a break
    in the area for much of the overnight. Additional convection could
    develop in the early morning hours.

    The Slight over Georgia was expanded to near the coast for the
    ongoing training storms in that area, which could persist into the
    afternoon.

    Finally, the Marginal Risk across the eastern Carolinas was dropped
    with this update as the rain ongoing there pushes offshore and much
    drier air replaces them, ending even a Marginal flooding threat
    there.

    Wegman

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Central Gulf Coast States...

    Lingering flood impacts following the deluge over the last 24
    hours will be exacerbated by additional rounds of slow-moving
    convection today from central MS and eastern LA to the FL Panhandle
    and far southwest GA. Low-to-mid level convergence will extend in
    a west-east orientation just to the north of the Gulf Coast and
    remain a focus for broken areas of showers and thunderstorms
    throughout the day. These storms will tap into PWs above 2" and
    remain relatively slow-moving with westerly convergent 850mb flow
    less than 15 kts, leading to hourly rates of 2-3"/hr. Activity will
    likely be ongoing across the region at 12z and pulse throughout
    the day and into the overnight period. 00z HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" per 6-hrs start the day 1 period as high as 60% across
    southern AL and the FL Panhandle before becoming more scattered in
    nature and lowering to around 30% for the overnight period. The
    primary factor for maintaining the MDT risk is the fact that these
    storms are likely to overlap with an area that recently received
    widespread 4-8" rainfall totals (locally over 12") and soils are
    easily overcome when rainfall rates exceed 2"/hr. This will lead to
    additional scattered flash flood concerns on top of ongoing flood
    impacts and recovery efforts.

    ...Southern Plains to the Upper Texas Coast...

    Scattered flash flooding is also a concern from southern OK into
    much of central and eastern TX today as thunderstorm activity
    begins early this morning and gradually meanders east with time
    through tonight. Vast amounts of uncertainty exist with the
    mesoscale details surrounding the excessive rainfall forecast in
    this area, particularly for being a day 1 forecast, but PWs
    near/slightly above 2" and widespread dew points into the upper 70s
    and low 80s point to an environment ripe for intense rainfall
    rates. As convection develops early this morning the expectation is
    for an MCV or multiple MCVs to spawn ahead of an approaching weak
    shortwave and within a building ridge over the south-central U.S..
    This weak steering pattern will lead to conditions where MCV
    location and outflow boundaries could drive the convective mode.
    Even if thunderstorms remain mostly progressive after cold pools
    develop, intense rainfall rates of 2-3" are possible throughout the
    Southern Plains into eastern TX and the ArkLaTex. One area of
    focus to monitor into the overnight period into Saturday morning
    will be across eastern TX into central LA where a frontal boundary
    is forecast to drape and potential interact with a weak surface
    low or remnant MCV. Several CAMs indicate more widespread
    thunderstorm activity around 12z Sat. here or just to the south
    across southeast TX as the nocturnal low-level flow increases
    towards the frontal boundary. 00z HREF neighborhood probs for at
    least 3" per 6-hrs are generally around 30% here, but REFS probs
    are much higher (60%) and farther south along the upper TX
    coastline. Thus, a large SLGT risk is in effect for this region to
    highlight the widely scattered/uncertain nature of thunderstorms,
    but while also likely containing intense rainfall rates capable of
    flash flood impacts.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...2030Z Update...

    Few changes were needed for the Saturday/Day 2 period. Expected
    rainfall over the Central Plains Moderate Risk area remains very
    similar to the previous forecast. Despite heavy rains in the area
    in recent weeks, soils in the area have have some time to dry out,
    which should work to mitigate some of the flooding impacts in the
    area. Regardless, in much of the Moderate Risk area, enough rain is
    expected from the overnight MCS to result in scattered to numerous
    instances of flash flooding where the heaviest rains persist the
    longest. This will roughly follow the eastern 2/3 of the NE/KS
    border. Expected rainfall amounts have come down a bit towards far
    eastern Kansas into Missouri, likely due to a bit faster forward
    speed of the MCS's associated storms by the time the MCS reaches
    that area after midnight Sunday morning, so the Moderate Risk was
    trimmed and the Slight in western Missouri was trimmed as well.

    Along the Gulf Coast, few changes were needed. As with today,
    slow-moving training convection in the Slight Risk area is likely
    to impact many areas of yesterday's High Risk and today's Moderate
    Risk areas. Sufficient dry time in between should prevent the
    widespread impacts that would necessitate a Moderate Risk upgrade
    in this area for now...but the area will certainly need to continue
    to be monitored to ensure that expected behavior persists.

    Wegman

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting Saturday afternoon and continuing into Saturday night is
    expected to bring widespread heavy rainfall across portions of the
    central Plains into the Missouri Valley with the greatest threat
    currently expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern
    Kansas, and far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms
    are expected to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over
    the central High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing
    the Rockies. Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will pump deep
    Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force the
    dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development. These
    storms are expected to grow upscale into an expansive, organized
    convective system into the evening and overnight hours that will
    then track southeasterly across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-3" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    scattered and potentially widespread flash flooding, which has
    prompted the level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with
    convective systems the exact path and duration will be determined
    by more mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down
    at this time frame, so some areal modification and possible
    expansion of the Moderate Risk will be likely over the next couple
    of days. The most likely area for expansion would be further to
    southeast into more of western Missouri and east-
    central/southeastern Kansas. However, given the noted uncertainty
    with the evolution of these types of systems at this timeframe,
    have limited the extent of the risk area to also overlap where the
    greatest support/confidence is shown by the ensemble
    mean/probabilistic guidance.

    ...Eastern Texas through the Central Gulf Coast...

    One more day of scattered slow-moving storms is expected on
    Saturday across the Deep South between eastern TX and southern
    AL/FL Panhandle. The lingering frontal boundary draped north of the
    Gulf Coast will begin to lift north during the day and leave
    convection widely scattered, but more focused activity is likely
    during the morning hours as high pressure over the Tennessee Valley
    keeps the thermal/moisture gradient rather sharp and focuses
    ongoing thunderstorm activity within PWs above 2". Lingering MCV(s)
    from the day 1 period across eastern TX and the Lower Mississippi
    Valley could also add locations for more organized thunderstorm
    activity. The soils in this region also remain extremely saturated
    and sensitive to additional intense rainfall rates, leading to the
    potential for scattered instances of flash flooding on Saturday and
    the SLGT risk of excessive rainfall.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM EASTERN
    OKLAHOMA AND THE OZARKS THROUGH MUCH OF THE MIDWEST AND OHIO
    VALLEY AS WELL AS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...2030Z Update...

    Across the center of the country from the Ozarks to the Midwest,
    few changes were needed with this update. The MCS from the Plains
    on D2 continues east across the Midwest on D3/Sunday. As it moves
    east, it encounters increasingly plentiful Gulf moisture already in
    place, while the low and the MCS itself draw additional moisture
    advection from the south into the system. This will ensure the
    storms continue right through the period, as the MCS slowly moves
    east. As usual, the southern end of the MCS appears to be the area
    of greatest concern, as the storms on the south side are the first
    to ingest the deep Gulf moisture over the area. This will encourage
    the storms to linger and backbuild to the southwest, extending the
    duration of the heavy rainfall in those areas. Further, FFGs across
    much of the Midwest remain depressed due to recent heavy rainfall,
    and soils are wetter than normal. Some drying in between now and
    Sunday should help to mitigate flooding somewhat, but the strongest
    storms should have no trouble exceeding the FFGs as 2-3 inch/hour
    rates are expected. A Moderate Risk remains possible. If one were
    to be issued, it appears a band extending west to east along I-70
    in Missouri, then following I-64 across southern Illinois, Indiana,
    and then east through Cincinnati and northern Kentucky appears most
    probable. However, the details of the storms and their placement
    remain difficult to pinpoint, especially as this remains outside of
    the CAMs range, so additional changes are likely.

    ...South Dakota...

    An MCS, separate from the one going into the Midwest, likely gets
    started across South Dakota Saturday night. With dry soils in the
    area, the rain with the intial storms then are likely to be
    absorbed with only isolated flooding concerns. However, going into
    Sunday morning, the redevelopment of the storms across the area
    will increase the flooding potential in the area with time. A
    southeasterly jet of moisture wrapping around a low over Nebraska
    should keep a continuous supply of moisture heading into the
    storms, and with that windflow working counter to the southeasterly
    movement of the storms, that should work to slow the storms'
    forward speed, worsening flooding concerns. Given all this and in
    coordination with ABR/Aberdeen, SD and UNR/Rapid City, SD forecast
    offices, a Slight Risk area was introduced with this update.

    Wegman

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Midwest...

    By the start of the day 3 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There remains some uncertainty
    regarding the speed and latitude of these features, but PWs above
    the 90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping
    with soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the
    Midwest will lead to at least scattered flash flooding concerns.
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" are very high (between 60-80%)
    and cover much of the northern SLGT risk area from MO/IA to OH.
    Locally higher totals are likely given the convective environment.
    The progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the
    severity of flash flood impacts, but a MDT risk upgrade is possible
    should training/back- building elements become more obvious in the
    short range updates, particularly along the leading warm front
    ahead of the primary surface low.

    ...Southern Plains, Ozarks, and Lower Ohio Valley...

    The setup on Sunday could lead to a southern secondary axis of
    heaviest QPF and flash flooding impacts. The southern end of the
    Saturday night thunderstorm complex/MCS is likely to sink
    southeastward near a trailing cold front and impact areas near the
    Ozarks early Sunday. Then, the expectation is for reforming
    scattered convection during peak daytime heating and reorganization
    of thunderstorms overnight Sunday associated with the LLJ to span
    from OK to the Lower Ohio Valley, including northern AR, southern
    MO, and western TN/KY. This combines for guidance to currently
    depict current QPF amounts of 2-4" and an average localized max of
    6". There remains obvious mesoscale uncertainties at this stage,
    but with Pws near the 90th climatological percentile and a
    favorably oriented west- east frontal boundary, it's possible a MDT
    risk upgrade may be needed once CAMs come into forecast range. For
    the Lower Ohio Valley in particular, some guidance also highlights thunderstorms associated with the initial warm front lifting
    northward, which could add yet another potential for slow-moving
    repeating thunderstorms.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026
    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE VALLEYS, AND
    CENTRAL APPALACHIANS ON DAY 4...

    2030Z Update...
    Ensemble and deterministic runs from the dayshift largely supported
    the previously-issued excessive rainfall outlook and discussion.
    Changes were minimnal and continued to focus in the same area.

    Bann

    Previous Discussion...
    Day 4 continues to an active pattern through a good portion of the
    CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 50-80% probs for >1" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-2.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D4 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision.

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D4 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to an upgrade
    to a SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains
    through parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee
    Valleys. The risk extends through the Smokey Mountains up into
    parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the
    convergence regime follows the frontal positioning over these
    areas.

    Day 5 is a transition period into a more typical summer time regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging positioning itself across the
    Southwest. This will cause a persistent northwesterly flow pattern
    across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the Lower
    Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out of the
    Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesteries in place between the
    ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS development and
    flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and points southeast
    as the steering flow orients between the base of the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is historically projecting a
    case of thunderstorm maturation and upscale growth over the area
    between CO/KS down through OK/TX with potentially the Red River
    Basin as a focus for thunderstorm activity. Eventually this ends up
    migrating into the ArkLaTex and/or Lower Mississippi area which is
    showing up in the QPF footprint on ensembles. With this becoming a
    more stable signal in the global ensembles and aligning with the
    NBM QPF output, a MRGL risk was added to the new D5 to account for
    this potential evolution.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_phWTZONTF-7cpapW2EtSYgsAfTtnJz-eAWFo9-IHE1G= Q4kjtYTFI0s0iZzI8mK6xRPdnSBS_9E_iH_rpW-YpxkwX10$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_phWTZONTF-7cpapW2EtSYgsAfTtnJz-eAWFo9-IHE1G= Q4kjtYTFI0s0iZzI8mK6xRPdnSBS_9E_iH_rpW-Y0XxvBtk$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_phWTZONTF-7cpapW2EtSYgsAfTtnJz-eAWFo9-IHE1G= Q4kjtYTFI0s0iZzI8mK6xRPdnSBS_9E_iH_rpW-YoF4l_S4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 20, 2026 00:57:41
    FOUS30 KWBC 200057
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    857 PM EDT Fri Jun 19 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL GULF COAST REGION...

    ...01Z Update...
    Some redrawing of the boundaries of various categories was done to
    fit latest trends in imagery/obs and models,...but the primary
    focus for heavy to excessive rainfall continues to be along/near
    the gulf coast overnight. Guidance has not been doing particularly
    well in handling the convection so tended to leave the Moderate in place...especially where convection was still active in
    Louisiana and Mississippi (reference MPD 472). To the
    east...trimmed areas out of the higher-ERO categories where a
    well-defined outflow has been making its way southward across the
    peninsula and the northern Gulf. There was a northward expansion of
    the Slight Risk area across northern Mississippi and northern
    Alabama due to on-going convection (reference MPD 0471. The
    expectation here is that the convection should be tapering off but
    that it remained a potential source for additional heavy rain in
    the short term (reference MPD 0471). Convection moving across the
    international border into portions of South Texas will encounter an
    atmosphere with deeper moisture...which would support heavier
    rainfall rates and may lead to isolated pr widely scattered
    instances of flash flooding.

    Bann

    ...16Z Update...
    No major changes were needed for the risk areas with this update.
    Much of the expected rainfall is ongoing in the defined risk areas
    across Texas, and for the MDT risk region, more widespread
    scattered convection is expected to develop over the next few hours
    with daytime heating. The convection appears unlikely to become
    very organized, instead favoring pulse thunderstorms or small
    clusters. Cell mergers appear to be the biggest threat when it
    comes to localized renewed flash flooding this afternoon in the
    Moderate Risk area across southern Alabama and Mississippi.
    Elsewhere, a higher-end Slight has been issued for northern
    Louisiana into northeast Texas for the ongoing very slow-moving
    storms that are approaching Texarkana. These storms are expected to
    continue building eastward into the afternoon, followed by a break
    in the area for much of the overnight. Additional convection could
    develop in the early morning hours.
    The Slight over Georgia was expanded to near the coast for the
    ongoing training storms in that area, which could persist into the
    afternoon.

    Finally, the Marginal Risk across the eastern Carolinas was dropped
    with this update as the rain ongoing there pushes offshore and much
    drier air replaces them, ending even a Marginal flooding threat
    there.

    Wegman

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Central Gulf Coast States...

    Lingering flood impacts following the deluge over the last 24
    hours will be exacerbated by additional rounds of slow-moving
    convection today from central MS and eastern LA to the FL Panhandle
    and far southwest GA. Low-to-mid level convergence will extend in
    a west-east orientation just to the north of the Gulf Coast and
    remain a focus for broken areas of showers and thunderstorms
    throughout the day. These storms will tap into PWs above 2" and
    remain relatively slow-moving with westerly convergent 850mb flow
    less than 15 kts, leading to hourly rates of 2-3"/hr. Activity will
    likely be ongoing across the region at 12z and pulse throughout
    the day and into the overnight period. 00z HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" per 6-hrs start the day 1 period as high as 60% across
    southern AL and the FL Panhandle before becoming more scattered in
    nature and lowering to around 30% for the overnight period. The
    primary factor for maintaining the MDT risk is the fact that these
    storms are likely to overlap with an area that recently received
    widespread 4-8" rainfall totals (locally over 12") and soils are
    easily overcome when rainfall rates exceed 2"/hr. This will lead to
    additional scattered flash flood concerns on top of ongoing flood
    impacts and recovery efforts.

    ...Southern Plains to the Upper Texas Coast...
    Scattered flash flooding is also a concern from southern OK into
    much of central and eastern TX today as thunderstorm activity
    begins early this morning and gradually meanders east with time
    through tonight. Vast amounts of uncertainty exist with the
    mesoscale details surrounding the excessive rainfall forecast in
    this area, particularly for being a day 1 forecast, but PWs
    near/slightly above 2" and widespread dew points into the upper 70s
    and low 80s point to an environment ripe for intense rainfall
    rates. As convection develops early this morning the expectation is
    for an MCV or multiple MCVs to spawn ahead of an approaching weak
    shortwave and within a building ridge over the south-central U.S..
    This weak steering pattern will lead to conditions where MCV
    location and outflow boundaries could drive the convective mode.
    Even if thunderstorms remain mostly progressive after cold pools
    develop, intense rainfall rates of 2-3" are possible throughout the
    Southern Plains into eastern TX and the ArkLaTex. One area of
    focus to monitor into the overnight period into Saturday morning
    will be across eastern TX into central LA where a frontal boundary
    is forecast to drape and potential interact with a weak surface
    low or remnant MCV. Several CAMs indicate more widespread
    thunderstorm activity around 12z Sat. here or just to the south
    across southeast TX as the nocturnal low-level flow increases
    towards the frontal boundary. 00z HREF neighborhood probs for at
    least 3" per 6-hrs are generally around 30% here, but REFS probs
    are much higher (60%) and farther south along the upper TX
    coastline. Thus, a large SLGT risk is in effect for this region to
    highlight the widely scattered/uncertain nature of thunderstorms,
    but while also likely containing intense rainfall rates capable of
    flash flood impacts.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...2030Z Update...

    Few changes were needed for the Saturday/Day 2 period. Expected
    rainfall over the Central Plains Moderate Risk area remains very
    similar to the previous forecast. Despite heavy rains in the area
    in recent weeks, soils in the area have have some time to dry out,
    which should work to mitigate some of the flooding impacts in the
    area. Regardless, in much of the Moderate Risk area, enough rain is
    expected from the overnight MCS to result in scattered to numerous
    instances of flash flooding where the heaviest rains persist the
    longest. This will roughly follow the eastern 2/3 of the NE/KS
    border. Expected rainfall amounts have come down a bit towards far
    eastern Kansas into Missouri, likely due to a bit faster forward
    speed of the MCS's associated storms by the time the MCS reaches
    that area after midnight Sunday morning, so the Moderate Risk was
    trimmed and the Slight in western Missouri was trimmed as well.

    Along the Gulf Coast, few changes were needed. As with today,
    slow-moving training convection in the Slight Risk area is likely
    to impact many areas of yesterday's High Risk and today's Moderate
    Risk areas. Sufficient dry time in between should prevent the
    widespread impacts that would necessitate a Moderate Risk upgrade
    in this area for now...but the area will certainly need to continue
    to be monitored to ensure that expected behavior persists.

    Wegman

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting Saturday afternoon and continuing into Saturday night is
    expected to bring widespread heavy rainfall across portions of the
    central Plains into the Missouri Valley with the greatest threat
    currently expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern
    Kansas, and far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms
    are expected to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over
    the central High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing
    the Rockies. Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will pump deep
    Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force the
    dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development. These
    storms are expected to grow upscale into an expansive, organized
    convective system into the evening and overnight hours that will
    then track southeasterly across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-3" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    scattered and potentially widespread flash flooding, which has
    prompted the level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with
    convective systems the exact path and duration will be determined
    by more mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down
    at this time frame, so some areal modification and possible
    expansion of the Moderate Risk will be likely over the next couple
    of days. The most likely area for expansion would be further to
    southeast into more of western Missouri and east-
    central/southeastern Kansas. However, given the noted uncertainty
    with the evolution of these types of systems at this timeframe,
    have limited the extent of the risk area to also overlap where the
    greatest support/confidence is shown by the ensemble
    mean/probabilistic guidance.

    ...Eastern Texas through the Central Gulf Coast...

    One more day of scattered slow-moving storms is expected on
    Saturday across the Deep South between eastern TX and southern
    AL/FL Panhandle. The lingering frontal boundary draped north of the
    Gulf Coast will begin to lift north during the day and leave
    convection widely scattered, but more focused activity is likely
    during the morning hours as high pressure over the Tennessee Valley
    keeps the thermal/moisture gradient rather sharp and focuses
    ongoing thunderstorm activity within PWs above 2". Lingering MCV(s)
    from the day 1 period across eastern TX and the Lower Mississippi
    Valley could also add locations for more organized thunderstorm
    activity. The soils in this region also remain extremely saturated
    and sensitive to additional intense rainfall rates, leading to the
    potential for scattered instances of flash flooding on Saturday and
    the SLGT risk of excessive rainfall.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM EASTERN
    OKLAHOMA AND THE OZARKS THROUGH MUCH OF THE MIDWEST AND OHIO
    VALLEY AS WELL AS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...2030Z Update...

    Across the center of the country from the Ozarks to the Midwest,
    few changes were needed with this update. The MCS from the Plains
    on D2 continues east across the Midwest on D3/Sunday. As it moves
    east, it encounters increasingly plentiful Gulf moisture already in
    place, while the low and the MCS itself draw additional moisture
    advection from the south into the system. This will ensure the
    storms continue right through the period, as the MCS slowly moves
    east. As usual, the southern end of the MCS appears to be the area
    of greatest concern, as the storms on the south side are the first
    to ingest the deep Gulf moisture over the area. This will encourage
    the storms to linger and backbuild to the southwest, extending the
    duration of the heavy rainfall in those areas. Further, FFGs across
    much of the Midwest remain depressed due to recent heavy rainfall,
    and soils are wetter than normal. Some drying in between now and
    Sunday should help to mitigate flooding somewhat, but the strongest
    storms should have no trouble exceeding the FFGs as 2-3 inch/hour
    rates are expected. A Moderate Risk remains possible. If one were
    to be issued, it appears a band extending west to east along I-70
    in Missouri, then following I-64 across southern Illinois, Indiana,
    and then east through Cincinnati and northern Kentucky appears most
    probable. However, the details of the storms and their placement
    remain difficult to pinpoint, especially as this remains outside of
    the CAMs range, so additional changes are likely.

    ...South Dakota...

    An MCS, separate from the one going into the Midwest, likely gets
    started across South Dakota Saturday night. With dry soils in the
    area, the rain with the intial storms then are likely to be
    absorbed with only isolated flooding concerns. However, going into
    Sunday morning, the redevelopment of the storms across the area
    will increase the flooding potential in the area with time. A
    southeasterly jet of moisture wrapping around a low over Nebraska
    should keep a continuous supply of moisture heading into the
    storms, and with that windflow working counter to the southeasterly
    movement of the storms, that should work to slow the storms'
    forward speed, worsening flooding concerns. Given all this and in
    coordination with ABR/Aberdeen, SD and UNR/Rapid City, SD forecast
    offices, a Slight Risk area was introduced with this update.

    Wegman

    ...Previous Discussion...

    ...Midwest...

    By the start of the day 3 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There remains some uncertainty
    regarding the speed and latitude of these features, but PWs above
    the 90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping
    with soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the
    Midwest will lead to at least scattered flash flooding concerns.
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" are very high (between 60-80%)
    and cover much of the northern SLGT risk area from MO/IA to OH.
    Locally higher totals are likely given the convective environment.
    The progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the
    severity of flash flood impacts, but a MDT risk upgrade is possible
    should training/back- building elements become more obvious in the
    short range updates, particularly along the leading warm front
    ahead of the primary surface low.

    ...Southern Plains, Ozarks, and Lower Ohio Valley...

    The setup on Sunday could lead to a southern secondary axis of
    heaviest QPF and flash flooding impacts. The southern end of the
    Saturday night thunderstorm complex/MCS is likely to sink
    southeastward near a trailing cold front and impact areas near the
    Ozarks early Sunday. Then, the expectation is for reforming
    scattered convection during peak daytime heating and reorganization
    of thunderstorms overnight Sunday associated with the LLJ to span
    from OK to the Lower Ohio Valley, including northern AR, southern
    MO, and western TN/KY. This combines for guidance to currently
    depict current QPF amounts of 2-4" and an average localized max of
    6". There remains obvious mesoscale uncertainties at this stage,
    but with Pws near the 90th climatological percentile and a
    favorably oriented west- east frontal boundary, it's possible a MDT
    risk upgrade may be needed once CAMs come into forecast range. For
    the Lower Ohio Valley in particular, some guidance also highlights thunderstorms associated with the initial warm front lifting
    northward, which could add yet another potential for slow-moving
    repeating thunderstorms.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE VALLEYS, AND
    CENTRAL APPALACHIANS ON DAY 4...

    2030Z Update...
    Ensemble and deterministic runs from the dayshift largely supported
    the previously-issued excessive rainfall outlook and discussion.
    Changes were minimnal and continued to focus in the same area.

    Bann

    Previous Discussion...
    Day 4 continues to an active pattern through a good portion of the
    CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 50-80% probs for >1" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-2.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D4 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision.

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D4 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to an upgrade
    to a SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains
    through parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee
    Valleys. The risk extends through the Smokey Mountains up into
    parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the
    convergence regime follows the frontal positioning over these
    areas.

    Day 5 is a transition period into a more typical summer time regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging positioning itself across the
    Southwest. This will cause a persistent northwesterly flow pattern
    across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the Lower
    Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out of the
    Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesteries in place between the
    ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS development and
    flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and points southeast
    as the steering flow orients between the base of the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is historically projecting a
    case of thunderstorm maturation and upscale growth over the area
    between CO/KS down through OK/TX with potentially the Red River
    Basin as a focus for thunderstorm activity. Eventually this ends up
    migrating into the ArkLaTex and/or Lower Mississippi area which is
    showing up in the QPF footprint on ensembles. With this becoming a
    more stable signal in the global ensembles and aligning with the
    NBM QPF output, a MRGL risk was added to the new D5 to account for
    this potential evolution.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6Dh5vpGyUjhtYXN67_VOLPsuu5CbQcDfx95WDyVO0ijP= 1ZzWZcEWHU6BmfB4WBti1RQMFO-QFZDXA2y_8qVwP4U7TYg$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6Dh5vpGyUjhtYXN67_VOLPsuu5CbQcDfx95WDyVO0ijP= 1ZzWZcEWHU6BmfB4WBti1RQMFO-QFZDXA2y_8qVwaoWlzH0$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6Dh5vpGyUjhtYXN67_VOLPsuu5CbQcDfx95WDyVO0ijP= 1ZzWZcEWHU6BmfB4WBti1RQMFO-QFZDXA2y_8qVwjDybgF8$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 20, 2026 08:00:35
    FOUS30 KWBC 200800
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    400 AM EDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting this evening and continuing into early Sunday is expected
    to bring widespread heavy rainfall and flash flooding across
    portions of the central Plains into the Missouri Valley. The
    greatest threat for numerous instances of flash flooding currently
    is expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern Kansas, and
    far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms are expected
    to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over the central
    High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing the Rockies.
    Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will increase WAA and pump
    deep Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force
    the dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development across
    Nebraska as early as this afternoon. These storms are expected to
    grow upscale into an expansive, organized convective system into
    the evening and overnight hours that will then track southeasterly
    across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-4" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    potentially widespread flash flooding, which has prompted the
    level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with convective
    systems the exact path and duration will be determined by more
    mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down. Some
    CAMs (like the NAM3k) favor the northern axis of heavy rain across
    southeast Nebraska closer to the developing surface low/MCV,
    whereas the 00z RRFS favors a southern solution and heaviest
    rainfall across central Kansas. Regardless, PWs surging to 2" by
    tonight and increased forcing will support rainfall rates within
    thunderstorms to be intense and around 2-3"/hr. These rates could
    be exacerbated by cell mergers and brief training to quickly lead
    to flash flooding concerns. The 00Z REFS and HREF both highlight
    neighborhood probabilities of 3" per 6-hrs (above local FFG) around
    40-50%+ within the MDT through 12Z Sun and then extending into the
    Day 2 period. Should these heavier rates intersect with urban
    area, significant impacts from flash flooding cannot be ruled out.

    ...Eastern Texas through the Southeast...

    One more day of scattered slow-moving storms is expected today
    across the Deep South between eastern TX and southeast GA/northeast
    FL. The lingering frontal boundary draped north of the Gulf Coast
    will begin to lift north during the day and leave convection widely
    scattered, but with one area of more focused activity between
    central MS and coastal southeast GA/northeast FL. This is likely
    during the morning and midday hours and supported by most CAMs as
    high pressure over the Tennessee Valley keeps the thermal/moisture
    gradient rather sharp and focuses ongoing thunderstorm activity
    within PWs above 2". Both the 00Z REFS and 00Z HREF highlight
    elevated chances (40-50%) for at least 3" in 6-hrs near Birmingham,
    AL. This could be an area within the SLGT risk that sees more
    severe flash flood impacts should a higher-end scenario develop.
    Lingering MCV(s) across eastern TX and the Lower Mississippi Valley
    could also add a focus for more organized thunderstorm activity,
    while also adding to the short term uncertainty. The soils in this
    region remain extremely saturated and sensitive to additional
    intense rainfall rates, leading to the potential for scattered
    instances of flash flooding and the SLGT risk of excessive
    rainfall, even for locations that can typically take 2-3" of rain.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...

    By the start of the day 2 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There still remains at least some
    uncertainty regarding the speed and latitude of these features
    (NAM3k a northern outlier for example), but PWs and IVT above the
    90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with
    soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest
    will likely lead to a swath of scattered flash flooding. A MDT
    risk was introduced with the latest outlook, spanning from MO to
    central IN. Heavy rain near a strengthening surface low and
    increased lift along an eastward stretching warm front across the
    Ohio Valley will overlap with saturated soils and swollen rivers
    across much of IL and IN. This will be one axis for potentially
    widespread flash flooding, with another axis lingering across
    southwest MO into eastern KS and possibly a relative minimum in
    between (right now most likely centered around central to
    southeast MO). This MO/KS potential is associated with the
    southwestern tail of an expected MCS, where flow may become
    parallel to the outflow boundary/front and promote both training
    thunderstorms and redevelopment of storms by Sunday evening.

    NBM probabilities for at least 2" remain very high (between
    70-90%) and cover much of northern MO, central IL, and central IN.
    Locally higher totals (CAMs depict potential for 4-7" totals) are
    likely given the convective environment. 00Z HREF and 18Z REFS
    probabilities for exceeding 3-hr FFG are around 30-60% across IL
    and IN, where antecedent ground conditions are wettest. The
    progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the severity
    of flash flood impacts, but coverage of flash flooding impacts is
    expected to be widespread enough in the Midwest/Ohio Valley to
    warrant the level 3/4 MDT risk upgrade.

    ...Eastern Kansas to Southwest Missouri...

    More information regarding the southern end of the Saturday night
    thunderstorm complex/MCS likely to sink southeastward near a
    trailing cold front and impact areas near the Ozarks Sunday. 850 mb
    flow is expected to become quite convergent extending from central
    KS to southern MO, which will likely be the focus for training
    convection potential early on and then reforming activity later in
    Sunday associated with additional shortwave activity moving
    eastward across the Plains. However, there is some uncertainty
    surrounding if this boundary can sink further south during the day
    and keep storms somewhat progressive. This all combines for
    guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". This area also includes soils
    saturated due to a recent wet weather pattern, with NASA SPoRT-LIS
    depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in the 0-40cm soil
    moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF probabilities are
    agreeable with 40-70% values for exceeding 3" per 6-hrs.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE OHIO VALLEY TO
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    Day 3 continues to be an active pattern through a good portion of
    the CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-3.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D2 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision. Limiting factor here remains low instability
    and while there is a window for heavier rates to linger for 3 to 6
    hours, the system overall is progressive. Some uncertainty also
    exists south of central NJ along the eastern Mid-Atlantic regarding
    overall coverage of thunderstorms.

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D3 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee. The risk
    extends through the Smokey Mountains up into parts of the Central
    Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the convergence regime
    follows the frontal positioning over these areas. Greatest chances
    for multiple rounds of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+
    hourly rainfall rates currently appears to be over southeast OK
    into central AR and will be monitored closely once CAMs are within
    range of the forecast time period.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH DAY 4 AND DAY 5...

    Day 4 is a transition period into a more typical summertime regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    cause a persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS
    development and flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and
    points southeast as the steering flow orients between the base of
    the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is
    historically projecting a case of thunderstorm maturation and
    upscale growth over the area between CO/KS down through OK/TX with
    potentially the Red River Basin as a focus for thunderstorm
    activity. Eventually, this ends up migrating into the ArkLaTex
    and/or Lower Mississippi area which is showing up in the QPF
    footprint on ensembles. There has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run-to-run continuity. The
    entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition in
    the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out of
    the Central Rockies and migrate east-southeast through the mean
    flow between the trough and ridge setup.

    QPF distribution for both days is relatively even, however the D4
    period is currently the most aggressive in terms of precipitation
    magnitudes depicted as the time frame notes a stronger mid-level
    disturbance ejecting out of the Front Range with heavy rain
    prospects spanning from southwestern NE down through KS/OK,
    eventually into the Lower Mississippi Valley as you work through
    the end of D4 into D5. PQPF signatures for >1" of precipitation are
    already pushing above 40% at lead for much of the aforementioned
    area, a testament to a stable signal for widespread moderate to
    heavy rain prospects as both the thermodynamic and kinematic
    evolutions remain favorable for the D4 and D5 periods. Expectation
    is for eventual upgrades across portions of the outlined area as we
    move closer, especially if the signal remains stable and the hi-res deterministic begin outlining the higher rate characteristics for
    the precipitation. Greatest risk for an upgrade is likely to occur
    where there will be multiple days of convective overlap allowing
    for falling FFG's and more susceptible hydrologic impacts as
    regional streams and rivers become more prone to flooding. This is
    a scenario where we'll be monitoring the evolution closely as more
    appreciable impacts are plausible in this synoptic scale
    persistence.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_fzpi3M0Q8pwbI6n191EGYPLZwFij3m6iEjZ0t-ykcn5= GaFM7AMibLFGzN_SohUOgoaJKB3Op6yuGB8FSAr-S_tggqQ$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_fzpi3M0Q8pwbI6n191EGYPLZwFij3m6iEjZ0t-ykcn5= GaFM7AMibLFGzN_SohUOgoaJKB3Op6yuGB8FSAr-n5ESHho$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_fzpi3M0Q8pwbI6n191EGYPLZwFij3m6iEjZ0t-ykcn5= GaFM7AMibLFGzN_SohUOgoaJKB3Op6yuGB8FSAr-ldSG1pc$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 20, 2026 15:46:09
    FOUS30 KWBC 201545
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1145 AM EDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting this evening and continuing into early Sunday is expected
    to bring widespread heavy rainfall and flash flooding across
    portions of the central Plains into the Missouri Valley. The
    greatest threat for numerous instances of flash flooding currently
    is expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern Kansas, and
    far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms are expected
    to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over the central
    High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing the Rockies.
    Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will increase WAA and pump
    deep Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force
    the dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development across
    Nebraska as early as this afternoon. These storms are expected to
    grow upscale into an expansive, organized convective system into
    the evening and overnight hours that will then track southeasterly
    across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-4" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    potentially widespread flash flooding, which has prompted the
    level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with convective
    systems the exact path and duration will be determined by more
    mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down. Some
    CAMs (like the NAM3k) favor the northern axis of heavy rain across
    southeast Nebraska closer to the developing surface low/MCV,
    whereas the 00z RRFS favors a southern solution and heaviest
    rainfall across central Kansas. Regardless, PWs surging to 2" by
    tonight and increased forcing will support rainfall rates within
    thunderstorms to be intense and around 2-3"/hr. These rates could
    be exacerbated by cell mergers and brief training to quickly lead
    to flash flooding concerns. The 00Z REFS and HREF both highlight
    neighborhood probabilities of 3" per 6-hrs (above local FFG) around
    40-50%+ within the MDT through 12Z Sun and then extending into the
    Day 2 period. Should these heavier rates intersect with urban
    area, significant impacts from flash flooding cannot be ruled out.

    ...Eastern Texas through the Southeast...

    1600Z Update...

    Per collaboration with the affected WFOs, have expanded the Slight
    Risk down the Middle and Lower TX Coast (and adjacent inland
    counties), based on the current observational/mesoanalysis trends
    along with the recent (12Z) high-res CAM trends and HREF
    probabilistic suite. Airmass remains primed for highly efficient
    rainfall rates, with PWs over 2.25" and mixed-layer CAPEs quite
    robust between 2000-3000 J/Kg. All ahead of a slow-moving upper=20
    level vort lobe along/inland of the Gulf Coast (MCV over S. TX),=20
    where Gulf breezes will enhance the low-level moisture convergence
    farther inland.

    Hurley

    Previous discussion...

    One more day of scattered slow-moving storms is expected today=20
    across the Deep South between eastern TX and southeast GA/northeast
    FL. The lingering frontal boundary draped north of the Gulf Coast=20
    will begin to lift north during the day and leave convection widely
    scattered, but with one area of more focused activity between=20
    central MS and coastal southeast GA/northeast FL. This is likely=20
    during the morning and midday hours and supported by most CAMs as=20
    high pressure over the Tennessee Valley keeps the thermal/moisture=20
    gradient rather sharp and focuses ongoing thunderstorm activity=20
    within PWs above 2". Both the 00Z REFS and 00Z HREF highlight
    elevated chances (40-50%) for at least 3" in 6-hrs near Birmingham,
    AL. This could be an area within the SLGT risk that sees more
    severe flash flood impacts should a higher-end scenario develop.

    Lingering MCV(s) across eastern TX and the Lower Mississippi Valley
    could also add a focus for more organized thunderstorm activity,=20
    while also adding to the short term uncertainty. The soils in this=20
    region remain extremely saturated and sensitive to additional=20
    intense rainfall rates, leading to the potential for scattered=20
    instances of flash flooding and the SLGT risk of excessive=20
    rainfall, even for locations that can typically take 2-3" of rain.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...

    By the start of the day 2 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There still remains at least some
    uncertainty regarding the speed and latitude of these features
    (NAM3k a northern outlier for example), but PWs and IVT above the
    90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with
    soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest
    will likely lead to a swath of scattered flash flooding. A MDT
    risk was introduced with the latest outlook, spanning from MO to
    central IN. Heavy rain near a strengthening surface low and
    increased lift along an eastward stretching warm front across the
    Ohio Valley will overlap with saturated soils and swollen rivers
    across much of IL and IN. This will be one axis for potentially
    widespread flash flooding, with another axis lingering across
    southwest MO into eastern KS and possibly a relative minimum in
    between (right now most likely centered around central to
    southeast MO). This MO/KS potential is associated with the
    southwestern tail of an expected MCS, where flow may become
    parallel to the outflow boundary/front and promote both training
    thunderstorms and redevelopment of storms by Sunday evening.
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" remain very high (between
    70-90%) and cover much of northern MO, central IL, and central IN.
    Locally higher totals (CAMs depict potential for 4-7" totals) are
    likely given the convective environment. 00Z HREF and 18Z REFS
    probabilities for exceeding 3-hr FFG are around 30-60% across IL
    and IN, where antecedent ground conditions are wettest. The
    progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the severity
    of flash flood impacts, but coverage of flash flooding impacts is
    expected to be widespread enough in the Midwest/Ohio Valley to
    warrant the level 3/4 MDT risk upgrade.

    ...Eastern Kansas to Southwest Missouri...

    More information regarding the southern end of the Saturday night
    thunderstorm complex/MCS likely to sink southeastward near a
    trailing cold front and impact areas near the Ozarks Sunday. 850 mb
    flow is expected to become quite convergent extending from central
    KS to southern MO, which will likely be the focus for training
    convection potential early on and then reforming activity later in
    Sunday associated with additional shortwave activity moving
    eastward across the Plains. However, there is some uncertainty
    surrounding if this boundary can sink further south during the day
    and keep storms somewhat progressive. This all combines for
    guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". This area also includes soils
    saturated due to a recent wet weather pattern, with NASA SPoRT-LIS
    depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in the 0-40cm soil
    moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF probabilities are
    agreeable with 40-70% values for exceeding 3" per 6-hrs.

    Snell

    Day 3 Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE OHIO VALLEY TO
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    Day 3 continues to be an active pattern through a good portion of
    the CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-3.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D2 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision. Limiting factor here remains low instability
    and while there is a window for heavier rates to linger for 3 to 6
    hours, the system overall is progressive. Some uncertainty also
    exists south of central NJ along the eastern Mid-Atlantic regarding
    overall coverage of thunderstorms.

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D3 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee. The risk
    extends through the Smokey Mountains up into parts of the Central
    Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the convergence regime
    follows the frontal positioning over these areas. Greatest chances
    for multiple rounds of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+
    hourly rainfall rates currently appears to be over southeast OK
    into central AR and will be monitored closely once CAMs are within
    range of the forecast time period.

    Snell

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH DAY 4 AND DAY 5...

    Day 4 is a transition period into a more typical summertime regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    cause a persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS
    development and flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and
    points southeast as the steering flow orients between the base of
    the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is
    historically projecting a case of thunderstorm maturation and
    upscale growth over the area between CO/KS down through OK/TX with
    potentially the Red River Basin as a focus for thunderstorm
    activity. Eventually, this ends up migrating into the ArkLaTex
    and/or Lower Mississippi area which is showing up in the QPF
    footprint on ensembles. There has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run-to-run continuity. The
    entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition in
    the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out of
    the Central Rockies and migrate east-southeast through the mean
    flow between the trough and ridge setup.

    QPF distribution for both days is relatively even, however the D4
    period is currently the most aggressive in terms of precipitation
    magnitudes depicted as the time frame notes a stronger mid-level
    disturbance ejecting out of the Front Range with heavy rain
    prospects spanning from southwestern NE down through KS/OK,
    eventually into the Lower Mississippi Valley as you work through
    the end of D4 into D5. PQPF signatures for >1" of precipitation are
    already pushing above 40% at lead for much of the aforementioned
    area, a testament to a stable signal for widespread moderate to
    heavy rain prospects as both the thermodynamic and kinematic
    evolutions remain favorable for the D4 and D5 periods. Expectation
    is for eventual upgrades across portions of the outlined area as we
    move closer, especially if the signal remains stable and the hi-res deterministic begin outlining the higher rate characteristics for
    the precipitation. Greatest risk for an upgrade is likely to occur
    where there will be multiple days of convective overlap allowing
    for falling FFG's and more susceptible hydrologic impacts as
    regional streams and rivers become more prone to flooding. This is
    a scenario where we'll be monitoring the evolution closely as more
    appreciable impacts are plausible in this synoptic scale
    persistence.

    Kleebauer

    Day 1 threat area:=20 https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt= __;!!DZ3fjg!-Wrx7exhHGuNKAFRzfAwrdnYaBXAT3g30MIvuUJqFOknhECZXFIYa64pPASsaYc= 6OM04WbCCgXQnORfUTAw3L8N71PQ$=20
    Day 2 threat area:=20 https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt= __;!!DZ3fjg!-Wrx7exhHGuNKAFRzfAwrdnYaBXAT3g30MIvuUJqFOknhECZXFIYa64pPASsaYc= 6OM04WbCCgXQnORfUTAw3n2gat5E$=20
    Day 3 threat area:=20 https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt= __;!!DZ3fjg!-Wrx7exhHGuNKAFRzfAwrdnYaBXAT3g30MIvuUJqFOknhECZXFIYa64pPASsaYc= 6OM04WbCCgXQnORfUTAw3gUEvqzg$=20

    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 20, 2026 16:50:29
    FOUS30 KWBC 201650
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1250 PM EDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting this evening and continuing into early Sunday is expected
    to bring widespread heavy rainfall and flash flooding across
    portions of the central Plains into the Missouri Valley. The
    greatest threat for numerous instances of flash flooding currently
    is expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern Kansas, and
    far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms are expected
    to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over the central
    High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing the Rockies.
    Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will increase WAA and pump
    deep Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force
    the dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development across
    Nebraska as early as this afternoon. These storms are expected to
    grow upscale into an expansive, organized convective system into
    the evening and overnight hours that will then track southeasterly
    across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-4" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    potentially widespread flash flooding, which has prompted the
    level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with convective
    systems the exact path and duration will be determined by more
    mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down. Some
    CAMs (like the NAM3k) favor the northern axis of heavy rain across
    southeast Nebraska closer to the developing surface low/MCV,
    whereas the 00z RRFS favors a southern solution and heaviest
    rainfall across central Kansas. Regardless, PWs surging to 2" by
    tonight and increased forcing will support rainfall rates within
    thunderstorms to be intense and around 2-3"/hr. These rates could
    be exacerbated by cell mergers and brief training to quickly lead
    to flash flooding concerns. The 00Z REFS and HREF both highlight
    neighborhood probabilities of 3" per 6-hrs (above local FFG) around
    40-50%+ within the MDT through 12Z Sun and then extending into the
    Day 2 period. Should these heavier rates intersect with urban
    area, significant impacts from flash flooding cannot be ruled out.

    ...Eastern Texas through the Southeast...

    1600Z Update...

    Per collaboration with the affected WFOs, have expanded the Slight
    Risk down the Middle and Lower TX Coast (and adjacent inland
    counties), based on the current observational/mesoanalysis trends
    along with the recent (12Z) high-res CAM trends and HREF
    probabilistic suite. Airmass remains primed for highly efficient
    rainfall rates, with PWs over 2.25" and mixed-layer CAPEs quite
    robust between 2000-3000 J/Kg. All ahead of a slow-moving upper
    level vort lobe along/inland of the Gulf Coast (MCV over S. TX),
    where Gulf breezes will enhance the low-level moisture convergence
    farther inland.

    Hurley

    Previous discussion...

    One more day of scattered slow-moving storms is expected today
    across the Deep South between eastern TX and southeast GA/northeast
    FL. The lingering frontal boundary draped north of the Gulf Coast
    will begin to lift north during the day and leave convection widely
    scattered, but with one area of more focused activity between
    central MS and coastal southeast GA/northeast FL. This is likely
    during the morning and midday hours and supported by most CAMs as
    high pressure over the Tennessee Valley keeps the thermal/moisture
    gradient rather sharp and focuses ongoing thunderstorm activity
    within PWs above 2". Both the 00Z REFS and 00Z HREF highlight
    elevated chances (40-50%) for at least 3" in 6-hrs near Birmingham,
    AL. This could be an area within the SLGT risk that sees more
    severe flash flood impacts should a higher-end scenario develop.

    Lingering MCV(s) across eastern TX and the Lower Mississippi Valley
    could also add a focus for more organized thunderstorm activity,
    while also adding to the short term uncertainty. The soils in this
    region remain extremely saturated and sensitive to additional
    intense rainfall rates, leading to the potential for scattered
    instances of flash flooding and the SLGT risk of excessive
    rainfall, even for locations that can typically take 2-3" of rain.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...

    By the start of the day 2 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There still remains at least some
    uncertainty regarding the speed and latitude of these features
    (NAM3k a northern outlier for example), but PWs and IVT above the
    90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with
    soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest
    will likely lead to a swath of scattered flash flooding. A MDT
    risk was introduced with the latest outlook, spanning from MO to
    central IN. Heavy rain near a strengthening surface low and
    increased lift along an eastward stretching warm front across the
    Ohio Valley will overlap with saturated soils and swollen rivers
    across much of IL and IN. This will be one axis for potentially
    widespread flash flooding, with another axis lingering across
    southwest MO into eastern KS and possibly a relative minimum in
    between (right now most likely centered around central to
    southeast MO). This MO/KS potential is associated with the
    southwestern tail of an expected MCS, where flow may become
    parallel to the outflow boundary/front and promote both training
    thunderstorms and redevelopment of storms by Sunday evening.
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" remain very high (between
    70-90%) and cover much of northern MO, central IL, and central IN.
    Locally higher totals (CAMs depict potential for 4-7" totals) are
    likely given the convective environment. 00Z HREF and 18Z REFS
    probabilities for exceeding 3-hr FFG are around 30-60% across IL
    and IN, where antecedent ground conditions are wettest. The
    progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the severity
    of flash flood impacts, but coverage of flash flooding impacts is
    expected to be widespread enough in the Midwest/Ohio Valley to
    warrant the level 3/4 MDT risk upgrade.

    ...Eastern Kansas to Southwest Missouri...

    More information regarding the southern end of the Saturday night
    thunderstorm complex/MCS likely to sink southeastward near a
    trailing cold front and impact areas near the Ozarks Sunday. 850 mb
    flow is expected to become quite convergent extending from central
    KS to southern MO, which will likely be the focus for training
    convection potential early on and then reforming activity later in
    Sunday associated with additional shortwave activity moving
    eastward across the Plains. However, there is some uncertainty
    surrounding if this boundary can sink further south during the day
    and keep storms somewhat progressive. This all combines for
    guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". This area also includes soils
    saturated due to a recent wet weather pattern, with NASA SPoRT-LIS
    depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in the 0-40cm soil
    moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF probabilities are
    agreeable with 40-70% values for exceeding 3" per 6-hrs.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE OHIO VALLEY TO
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    Day 3 continues to be an active pattern through a good portion of
    the CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-3.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D2 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision. Limiting factor here remains low instability
    and while there is a window for heavier rates to linger for 3 to 6
    hours, the system overall is progressive. Some uncertainty also
    exists south of central NJ along the eastern Mid-Atlantic regarding
    overall coverage of thunderstorms.

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D3 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee. The risk
    extends through the Smokey Mountains up into parts of the Central
    Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the convergence regime
    follows the frontal positioning over these areas. Greatest chances
    for multiple rounds of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+
    hourly rainfall rates currently appears to be over southeast OK
    into central AR and will be monitored closely once CAMs are within
    range of the forecast time period.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026
    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH DAY 4 AND DAY 5...
    Day 4 is a transition period into a more typical summertime regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    cause a persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS
    development and flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and
    points southeast as the steering flow orients between the base of
    the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is
    historically projecting a case of thunderstorm maturation and
    upscale growth over the area between CO/KS down through OK/TX with
    potentially the Red River Basin as a focus for thunderstorm
    activity. Eventually, this ends up migrating into the ArkLaTex
    and/or Lower Mississippi area which is showing up in the QPF
    footprint on ensembles. There has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run-to-run continuity. The
    entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition in
    the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out of
    the Central Rockies and migrate east-southeast through the mean
    flow between the trough and ridge setup.
    QPF distribution for both days is relatively even, however the D4
    period is currently the most aggressive in terms of precipitation
    magnitudes depicted as the time frame notes a stronger mid-level
    disturbance ejecting out of the Front Range with heavy rain
    prospects spanning from southwestern NE down through KS/OK,
    eventually into the Lower Mississippi Valley as you work through
    the end of D4 into D5. PQPF signatures for >1" of precipitation are
    already pushing above 40% at lead for much of the aforementioned
    area, a testament to a stable signal for widespread moderate to
    heavy rain prospects as both the thermodynamic and kinematic
    evolutions remain favorable for the D4 and D5 periods. Expectation
    is for eventual upgrades across portions of the outlined area as we
    move closer, especially if the signal remains stable and the hi-res deterministic begin outlining the higher rate characteristics for
    the precipitation. Greatest risk for an upgrade is likely to occur
    where there will be multiple days of convective overlap allowing
    for falling FFG's and more susceptible hydrologic impacts as
    regional streams and rivers become more prone to flooding. This is
    a scenario where we'll be monitoring the evolution closely as more
    appreciable impacts are plausible in this synoptic scale
    persistence.
    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-RI1P6fJwCZp_BIgsSHZZo3W1DebLvUn1ogexZOmaWK4= HidC9vmRGddhy8WNXf34OfyTTwaIcegVbbNB6fm9asZUEJk$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-RI1P6fJwCZp_BIgsSHZZo3W1DebLvUn1ogexZOmaWK4= HidC9vmRGddhy8WNXf34OfyTTwaIcegVbbNB6fm902zFrCo$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-RI1P6fJwCZp_BIgsSHZZo3W1DebLvUn1ogexZOmaWK4= HidC9vmRGddhy8WNXf34OfyTTwaIcegVbbNB6fm9TftPwCk$=20



    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 20, 2026 19:48:05
    FOUS30 KWBC 201947
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    347 PM EDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting this evening and continuing into early Sunday is expected
    to bring widespread heavy rainfall and flash flooding across
    portions of the central Plains into the Missouri Valley. The
    greatest threat for numerous instances of flash flooding currently
    is expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern Kansas, and
    far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms are expected
    to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over the central
    High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing the Rockies.
    Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will increase WAA and pump
    deep Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force
    the dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development across
    Nebraska as early as this afternoon. These storms are expected to
    grow upscale into an expansive, organized convective system into
    the evening and overnight hours that will then track southeasterly
    across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-4" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    potentially widespread flash flooding, which has prompted the
    level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with convective
    systems the exact path and duration will be determined by more
    mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down. Some
    CAMs (like the NAM3k) favor the northern axis of heavy rain across
    southeast Nebraska closer to the developing surface low/MCV,
    whereas the 00z RRFS favors a southern solution and heaviest
    rainfall across central Kansas. Regardless, PWs surging to 2" by
    tonight and increased forcing will support rainfall rates within
    thunderstorms to be intense and around 2-3"/hr. These rates could
    be exacerbated by cell mergers and brief training to quickly lead
    to flash flooding concerns. The 00Z REFS and HREF both highlight
    neighborhood probabilities of 3" per 6-hrs (above local FFG) around
    40-50%+ within the MDT through 12Z Sun and then extending into the
    Day 2 period. Should these heavier rates intersect with urban
    area, significant impacts from flash flooding cannot be ruled out.

    ...Eastern Texas through the Southeast...

    1600Z Update...

    Per collaboration with the affected WFOs, have expanded the Slight
    Risk down the Middle and Lower TX Coast (and adjacent inland
    counties), based on the current observational/mesoanalysis trends
    along with the recent (12Z) high-res CAM trends and HREF
    probabilistic suite. Airmass remains primed for highly efficient
    rainfall rates, with PWs over 2.25" and mixed-layer CAPEs quite
    robust between 2000-3000 J/Kg. All ahead of a slow-moving upper
    level vort lobe along/inland of the Gulf Coast (MCV over S. TX),
    where Gulf breezes will enhance the low-level moisture convergence
    farther inland.

    Hurley

    Previous discussion...

    One more day of scattered slow-moving storms is expected today
    across the Deep South between eastern TX and southeast GA/northeast
    FL. The lingering frontal boundary draped north of the Gulf Coast
    will begin to lift north during the day and leave convection widely
    scattered, but with one area of more focused activity between
    central MS and coastal southeast GA/northeast FL. This is likely
    during the morning and midday hours and supported by most CAMs as
    high pressure over the Tennessee Valley keeps the thermal/moisture
    gradient rather sharp and focuses ongoing thunderstorm activity
    within PWs above 2". Both the 00Z REFS and 00Z HREF highlight
    elevated chances (40-50%) for at least 3" in 6-hrs near Birmingham,
    AL. This could be an area within the SLGT risk that sees more
    severe flash flood impacts should a higher-end scenario develop.

    Lingering MCV(s) across eastern TX and the Lower Mississippi Valley
    could also add a focus for more organized thunderstorm activity,
    while also adding to the short term uncertainty. The soils in this
    region remain extremely saturated and sensitive to additional
    intense rainfall rates, leading to the potential for scattered
    instances of flash flooding and the SLGT risk of excessive
    rainfall, even for locations that can typically take 2-3" of rain.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    ...2000 UTC update...

    For the most part, the outlook areas on Day 2 are largely intact.
    Based on the latest (12Z) suite of deterministic and probabilistic
    guidance, including CAMs, have nudged the southern periphery of the
    Moderate Risk a tad farther south across eastern MO and southern
    IL-IN. A bit of a messy setup ahead of the front, with multiple
    meso-convective enhanced shortwaves embedded within the broader
    upper trough. Because of this, expect a multi-modal heavy rainfall
    footprint north-south when all is said and done. That said,
    forecast confidence in deciphering such deterministic details at
    this stage given the convective component is low, and as a result
    for now it's probably best to defer to later shifts with tightening
    up the Moderate Risk area.

    Otherwise, the trends support a small southeast shift in the Slight
    Risk over the Northern Plains (SD-northeast NE). Lastly, based on
    the antecedent soils and likelihood of additional activity
    associated along a lingering vort lobe (enhanced by Gulf breezes),
    have also expanded the Marginal Risk area to the Middle-Upper TX
    Coast to portions of the central Gulf Coast.

    Hurley


    Original discussion below..

    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...

    By the start of the day 2 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There still remains at least some
    uncertainty regarding the speed and latitude of these features
    (NAM3k a northern outlier for example), but PWs and IVT above the
    90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with
    soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest
    will likely lead to a swath of scattered flash flooding. A MDT
    risk was introduced with the latest outlook, spanning from MO to
    central IN. Heavy rain near a strengthening surface low and
    increased lift along an eastward stretching warm front across the
    Ohio Valley will overlap with saturated soils and swollen rivers
    across much of IL and IN. This will be one axis for potentially
    widespread flash flooding, with another axis lingering across
    southwest MO into eastern KS and possibly a relative minimum in
    between (right now most likely centered around central to
    southeast MO). This MO/KS potential is associated with the
    southwestern tail of an expected MCS, where flow may become
    parallel to the outflow boundary/front and promote both training
    thunderstorms and redevelopment of storms by Sunday evening.
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" remain very high (between
    70-90%) and cover much of northern MO, central IL, and central IN.
    Locally higher totals (CAMs depict potential for 4-7" totals) are
    likely given the convective environment. 00Z HREF and 18Z REFS
    probabilities for exceeding 3-hr FFG are around 30-60% across IL
    and IN, where antecedent ground conditions are wettest. The
    progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the severity
    of flash flood impacts, but coverage of flash flooding impacts is
    expected to be widespread enough in the Midwest/Ohio Valley to
    warrant the level 3/4 MDT risk upgrade.

    ...Eastern Kansas to Southwest Missouri...

    More information regarding the southern end of the Saturday night
    thunderstorm complex/MCS likely to sink southeastward near a
    trailing cold front and impact areas near the Ozarks Sunday. 850 mb
    flow is expected to become quite convergent extending from central
    KS to southern MO, which will likely be the focus for training
    convection potential early on and then reforming activity later in
    Sunday associated with additional shortwave activity moving
    eastward across the Plains. However, there is some uncertainty
    surrounding if this boundary can sink further south during the day
    and keep storms somewhat progressive. This all combines for
    guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". This area also includes soils
    saturated due to a recent wet weather pattern, with NASA SPoRT-LIS
    depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in the 0-40cm soil
    moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF probabilities are
    agreeable with 40-70% values for exceeding 3" per 6-hrs.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE OHIO VALLEY TO
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...2000 UTC Update....

    The notable change made to the Day 3 ERO was to expand the Slight
    Risk. The main driver was the favorable deep-layer moisture
    profiles per the latest guidance, effectively shifting the axis of
    2-2.25" PWATs into the Mid Atlantic and southern New England.
    Instability at this point appears lacking, however in similar
    patterns (per the ERO first guess fields) highly-efficient rainfall
    rates in late June will more likely lead to more issues (perhaps
    more than just isolated) across the urban corridors and other areas
    susceptible to flash flooding. At this point, the EFI per last
    night's 00Z ECMWF is around 0.8, which along with PWATs near 2
    standard deviations above normal, would certainly support an
    upgrade to at least a low-end Slight Risk over these areas (at
    least 15% 40km neighborhood probability).

    Hurley

    Original discussion below..

    Day 3 continues to be an active pattern through a good portion of
    the CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-3.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D2 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision. Limiting factor here remains low instability
    and while there is a window for heavier rates to linger for 3 to 6
    hours, the system overall is progressive. Some uncertainty also
    exists south of central NJ along the eastern Mid-Atlantic regarding
    overall coverage of thunderstorms.

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D3 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee. The risk
    extends through the Smokey Mountains up into parts of the Central
    Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the convergence regime
    follows the frontal positioning over these areas. Greatest chances
    for multiple rounds of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+
    hourly rainfall rates currently appears to be over southeast OK
    into central AR and will be monitored closely once CAMs are within
    range of the forecast time period.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH DAY 4 AND DAY 5...

    Day 4 is a transition period into a more typical summertime regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    cause a persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS
    development and flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and
    points southeast as the steering flow orients between the base of
    the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is
    historically projecting a case of thunderstorm maturation and
    upscale growth over the area between CO/KS down through OK/TX with
    potentially the Red River Basin as a focus for thunderstorm
    activity. Eventually, this ends up migrating into the ArkLaTex
    and/or Lower Mississippi area which is showing up in the QPF
    footprint on ensembles. There has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run-to-run continuity. The
    entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition in
    the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out of
    the Central Rockies and migrate east-southeast through the mean
    flow between the trough and ridge setup.

    QPF distribution for both days is relatively even, however the D4
    period is currently the most aggressive in terms of precipitation
    magnitudes depicted as the time frame notes a stronger mid-level
    disturbance ejecting out of the Front Range with heavy rain
    prospects spanning from southwestern NE down through KS/OK,
    eventually into the Lower Mississippi Valley as you work through
    the end of D4 into D5. PQPF signatures for >1" of precipitation are
    already pushing above 40% at lead for much of the aforementioned
    area, a testament to a stable signal for widespread moderate to
    heavy rain prospects as both the thermodynamic and kinematic
    evolutions remain favorable for the D4 and D5 periods. Expectation
    is for eventual upgrades across portions of the outlined area as we
    move closer, especially if the signal remains stable and the hi-res deterministic begin outlining the higher rate characteristics for
    the precipitation. Greatest risk for an upgrade is likely to occur
    where there will be multiple days of convective overlap allowing
    for falling FFG's and more susceptible hydrologic impacts as
    regional streams and rivers become more prone to flooding. This is
    a scenario where we'll be monitoring the evolution closely as more
    appreciable impacts are plausible in this synoptic scale
    persistence.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4xRpXPrO2FTiyQePOyDHxT-W2esyG9Tvz1chRapyV3HX= 0mTSmiAEuuC7UVY560pwEP1guNWKiFOTNEAV2cr9hXOyWV8$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4xRpXPrO2FTiyQePOyDHxT-W2esyG9Tvz1chRapyV3HX= 0mTSmiAEuuC7UVY560pwEP1guNWKiFOTNEAV2cr9Clqx5_M$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4xRpXPrO2FTiyQePOyDHxT-W2esyG9Tvz1chRapyV3HX= 0mTSmiAEuuC7UVY560pwEP1guNWKiFOTNEAV2cr9_xFRVdE$=20



    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 20, 2026 20:21:48
    FOUS30 KWBC 202021
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    421 PM EDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sat Jun 20 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting this evening and continuing into early Sunday is expected
    to bring widespread heavy rainfall and flash flooding across
    portions of the central Plains into the Missouri Valley. The
    greatest threat for numerous instances of flash flooding currently
    is expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern Kansas, and
    far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms are expected
    to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over the central
    High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing the Rockies.
    Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will increase WAA and pump
    deep Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force
    the dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development across
    Nebraska as early as this afternoon. These storms are expected to
    grow upscale into an expansive, organized convective system into
    the evening and overnight hours that will then track southeasterly
    across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-4" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    potentially widespread flash flooding, which has prompted the
    level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with convective
    systems the exact path and duration will be determined by more
    mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down. Some
    CAMs (like the NAM3k) favor the northern axis of heavy rain across
    southeast Nebraska closer to the developing surface low/MCV,
    whereas the 00z RRFS favors a southern solution and heaviest
    rainfall across central Kansas. Regardless, PWs surging to 2" by
    tonight and increased forcing will support rainfall rates within
    thunderstorms to be intense and around 2-3"/hr. These rates could
    be exacerbated by cell mergers and brief training to quickly lead
    to flash flooding concerns. The 00Z REFS and HREF both highlight
    neighborhood probabilities of 3" per 6-hrs (above local FFG) around
    40-50%+ within the MDT through 12Z Sun and then extending into the
    Day 2 period. Should these heavier rates intersect with urban
    area, significant impacts from flash flooding cannot be ruled out.

    ...Eastern Texas through the Southeast...

    1600Z Update...

    Per collaboration with the affected WFOs, have expanded the Slight
    Risk down the Middle and Lower TX Coast (and adjacent inland
    counties), based on the current observational/mesoanalysis trends
    along with the recent (12Z) high-res CAM trends and HREF
    probabilistic suite. Airmass remains primed for highly efficient
    rainfall rates, with PWs over 2.25" and mixed-layer CAPEs quite
    robust between 2000-3000 J/Kg. All ahead of a slow-moving upper
    level vort lobe along/inland of the Gulf Coast (MCV over S. TX),
    where Gulf breezes will enhance the low-level moisture convergence
    farther inland.

    Hurley

    Previous discussion...

    One more day of scattered slow-moving storms is expected today
    across the Deep South between eastern TX and southeast GA/northeast
    FL. The lingering frontal boundary draped north of the Gulf Coast
    will begin to lift north during the day and leave convection widely
    scattered, but with one area of more focused activity between
    central MS and coastal southeast GA/northeast FL. This is likely
    during the morning and midday hours and supported by most CAMs as
    high pressure over the Tennessee Valley keeps the thermal/moisture
    gradient rather sharp and focuses ongoing thunderstorm activity
    within PWs above 2". Both the 00Z REFS and 00Z HREF highlight
    elevated chances (40-50%) for at least 3" in 6-hrs near Birmingham,
    AL. This could be an area within the SLGT risk that sees more
    severe flash flood impacts should a higher-end scenario develop.

    Lingering MCV(s) across eastern TX and the Lower Mississippi Valley
    could also add a focus for more organized thunderstorm activity,
    while also adding to the short term uncertainty. The soils in this
    region remain extremely saturated and sensitive to additional
    intense rainfall rates, leading to the potential for scattered
    instances of flash flooding and the SLGT risk of excessive
    rainfall, even for locations that can typically take 2-3" of rain.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    ...2000 UTC update...

    For the most part, the outlook areas on Day 2 are largely intact.
    Based on the latest (12Z) suite of deterministic and probabilistic
    guidance, including CAMs, have nudged the southern periphery of the
    Moderate Risk a tad farther south across eastern MO and southern
    IL-IN. A bit of a messy setup ahead of the front, with multiple
    meso-convective enhanced shortwaves embedded within the broader
    upper trough. Because of this, expect a multi-modal heavy rainfall
    footprint north-south when all is said and done. That said,
    forecast confidence in deciphering such deterministic details at
    this stage given the convective component is low, and as a result
    for now it's probably best to defer to later shifts with tightening
    up the Moderate Risk area.

    Otherwise, the trends support a small southeast shift in the Slight
    Risk over the Northern Plains (SD-northeast NE). Lastly, based on
    the antecedent soils and likelihood of additional activity
    associated along a lingering vort lobe (enhanced by Gulf breezes),
    have also expanded the Marginal Risk area to the Middle-Upper TX
    Coast to portions of the central Gulf Coast.

    Hurley

    Original discussion below..

    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...

    By the start of the day 2 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There still remains at least some
    uncertainty regarding the speed and latitude of these features
    (NAM3k a northern outlier for example), but PWs and IVT above the
    90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with
    soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest
    will likely lead to a swath of scattered flash flooding. A MDT
    risk was introduced with the latest outlook, spanning from MO to
    central IN. Heavy rain near a strengthening surface low and
    increased lift along an eastward stretching warm front across the
    Ohio Valley will overlap with saturated soils and swollen rivers
    across much of IL and IN. This will be one axis for potentially
    widespread flash flooding, with another axis lingering across
    southwest MO into eastern KS and possibly a relative minimum in
    between (right now most likely centered around central to
    southeast MO). This MO/KS potential is associated with the
    southwestern tail of an expected MCS, where flow may become
    parallel to the outflow boundary/front and promote both training
    thunderstorms and redevelopment of storms by Sunday evening.
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" remain very high (between
    70-90%) and cover much of northern MO, central IL, and central IN.
    Locally higher totals (CAMs depict potential for 4-7" totals) are
    likely given the convective environment. 00Z HREF and 18Z REFS
    probabilities for exceeding 3-hr FFG are around 30-60% across IL
    and IN, where antecedent ground conditions are wettest. The
    progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the severity
    of flash flood impacts, but coverage of flash flooding impacts is
    expected to be widespread enough in the Midwest/Ohio Valley to
    warrant the level 3/4 MDT risk upgrade.

    ...Eastern Kansas to Southwest Missouri...
    More information regarding the southern end of the Saturday night
    thunderstorm complex/MCS likely to sink southeastward near a
    trailing cold front and impact areas near the Ozarks Sunday. 850 mb
    flow is expected to become quite convergent extending from central
    KS to southern MO, which will likely be the focus for training
    convection potential early on and then reforming activity later in
    Sunday associated with additional shortwave activity moving
    eastward across the Plains. However, there is some uncertainty
    surrounding if this boundary can sink further south during the day
    and keep storms somewhat progressive. This all combines for
    guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". This area also includes soils
    saturated due to a recent wet weather pattern, with NASA SPoRT-LIS
    depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in the 0-40cm soil
    moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF probabilities are
    agreeable with 40-70% values for exceeding 3" per 6-hrs.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE OHIO VALLEY TO
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...2000 UTC Update....

    The notable change made to the Day 3 ERO was to expand the Slight
    Risk. The main driver was the favorable deep-layer moisture
    profiles per the latest guidance, effectively shifting the axis of
    2-2.25" PWATs into the Mid Atlantic and southern New England.
    Instability at this point appears lacking, however in similar
    patterns (per the ERO first guess fields) highly-efficient rainfall
    rates in late June will more likely lead to more issues (perhaps
    more than just isolated) across the urban corridors and other areas
    susceptible to flash flooding. At this point, the EFI per last
    night's 00Z ECMWF is around 0.8, which along with PWATs near 2
    standard deviations above normal, would certainly support an
    upgrade to at least a low-end Slight Risk over these areas (at
    least 15% 40km neighborhood probability).

    Hurley
    Original discussion below..
    Day 3 continues to be an active pattern through a good portion of
    the CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-3.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D2 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision. Limiting factor here remains low instability
    and while there is a window for heavier rates to linger for 3 to 6
    hours, the system overall is progressive. Some uncertainty also
    exists south of central NJ along the eastern Mid-Atlantic regarding
    overall coverage of thunderstorms.
    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D3 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee. The risk
    extends through the Smokey Mountains up into parts of the Central
    Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the convergence regime
    follows the frontal positioning over these areas. Greatest chances
    for multiple rounds of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+
    hourly rainfall rates currently appears to be over southeast OK
    into central AR and will be monitored closely once CAMs are within
    range of the forecast time period.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY...

    2030Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion Update...
    Overall...changes were pretty minimal and were done mainly to
    expand the coverage of the outlook area given placement/spread of
    QPF in spaghetti plots. Synoptically, the pattern evolution is
    comparable to the previous discussion.

    Bann

    Previous Excessive Rainfall Outlook...
    Day 4 is a transition period into a more typical summertime regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    cause a persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS
    development and flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and
    points southeast as the steering flow orients between the base of
    the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is
    historically projecting a case of thunderstorm maturation and
    upscale growth over the area between CO/KS down through OK/TX with
    potentially the Red River Basin as a focus for thunderstorm
    activity. Eventually, this ends up migrating into the ArkLaTex
    and/or Lower Mississippi area which is showing up in the QPF
    footprint on ensembles. There has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run-to-run continuity. The
    entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition in
    the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out of
    the Central Rockies and migrate east-southeast through the mean
    flow between the trough and ridge setup.
    QPF distribution for both days is relatively even, however the D4
    period is currently the most aggressive in terms of precipitation
    magnitudes depicted as the time frame notes a stronger mid-level
    disturbance ejecting out of the Front Range with heavy rain
    prospects spanning from southwestern NE down through KS/OK,
    eventually into the Lower Mississippi Valley as you work through
    the end of D4 into D5. PQPF signatures for >1" of precipitation are
    already pushing above 40% at lead for much of the aforementioned
    area, a testament to a stable signal for widespread moderate to
    heavy rain prospects as both the thermodynamic and kinematic
    evolutions remain favorable for the D4 and D5 periods. Expectation
    is for eventual upgrades across portions of the outlined area as we
    move closer, especially if the signal remains stable and the hi-res deterministic begin outlining the higher rate characteristics for
    the precipitation. Greatest risk for an upgrade is likely to occur
    where there will be multiple days of convective overlap allowing
    for falling FFG's and more susceptible hydrologic impacts as
    regional streams and rivers become more prone to flooding. This is
    a scenario where we'll be monitoring the evolution closely as more
    appreciable impacts are plausible in this synoptic scale
    persistence.
    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7Qd1lx_QVNSTnx_dVpCL5Mxe6sj9kHxYE-NPT4MAIuqI= NHKufQdAE2big5HaLdltCJCEl0CAHEC4mdUuKRoethYlwTs$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7Qd1lx_QVNSTnx_dVpCL5Mxe6sj9kHxYE-NPT4MAIuqI= NHKufQdAE2big5HaLdltCJCEl0CAHEC4mdUuKRoetuE_mgw$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7Qd1lx_QVNSTnx_dVpCL5Mxe6sj9kHxYE-NPT4MAIuqI= NHKufQdAE2big5HaLdltCJCEl0CAHEC4mdUuKRoeSOmc9cg$=20



    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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    --- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 21, 2026 00:52:18
    FOUS30 KWBC 210052
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    852 PM EDT Sat Jun 20 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    01Z Update...
    Only minor adjustments to the outlook area in the Plains/Lower
    Missouri Valley. Numerical guidance continuity was good and radar
    showed storms beginning upscale growth in roughly the right place
    across the western outlook area. Not overly concerned about
    excessive amounts from the warm advection rainfall about ready to
    move out of the eastern portion of the outlook. More significant
    changes were made along from South Texas along the gulf coast into
    portions of Georgia and northern Florida. Additional convection in
    the guidance later tonight precluded removing the Slight risk
    along the Texas coast into Louisiana...while on-going convection
    with locally heavy rainfall rates precluded removal of the Slight
    Risk there even though the expectation was for weakening and
    dissipation during the late-evening.

    Bann

    ...Central Plains and Missouri Valley...

    A large area of heavy rain associated with a developing MCS
    starting this evening and continuing into early Sunday is expected
    to bring widespread heavy rainfall and flash flooding across
    portions of the central Plains into the Missouri Valley. The
    greatest threat for numerous instances of flash flooding currently
    is expected across southeastern Nebraska, northeastern Kansas, and
    far northwestern Missouri/southwestern Iowa. Storms are expected
    to initiate Saturday afternoon with peak heating over the central
    High Plains and ahead of a racing shortwave crossing the Rockies.
    Meanwhile, a LLJ of southeasterly flow will increase WAA and pump
    deep Gulf moisture up the Plains through the day. This will force
    the dryline to race eastward in response. The warm front associated
    with the low and the dry line will uplift the deep moisture,
    resulting in widespread shower and thunderstorm development across
    Nebraska as early as this afternoon. These storms are expected to
    grow upscale into an expansive, organized convective system into
    the evening and overnight hours that will then track southeasterly
    across the risk area.

    The latest deterministic guidance shows areal average rainfall
    totals along the expected path of the MCS in the 2-4" range with
    locally higher amounts of 4-6", more than sufficient to lead to
    potentially widespread flash flooding, which has prompted the
    level 3/4 Moderate Risk. As is usually the case with convective
    systems the exact path and duration will be determined by more
    mesoscale details than the guidance can typically pin down. Some
    CAMs (like the NAM3k) favor the northern axis of heavy rain across
    southeast Nebraska closer to the developing surface low/MCV,
    whereas the 00z RRFS favors a southern solution and heaviest
    rainfall across central Kansas. Regardless, PWs surging to 2" by
    tonight and increased forcing will support rainfall rates within
    thunderstorms to be intense and around 2-3"/hr. These rates could
    be exacerbated by cell mergers and brief training to quickly lead
    to flash flooding concerns. The 00Z REFS and HREF both highlight
    neighborhood probabilities of 3" per 6-hrs (above local FFG) around
    40-50%+ within the MDT through 12Z Sun and then extending into the
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    ...2000 UTC update...

    For the most part, the outlook areas on Day 2 are largely intact.
    Based on the latest (12Z) suite of deterministic and probabilistic
    guidance, including CAMs, have nudged the southern periphery of the
    Moderate Risk a tad farther south across eastern MO and southern
    IL-IN. A bit of a messy setup ahead of the front, with multiple
    meso-convective enhanced shortwaves embedded within the broader
    upper trough. Because of this, expect a multi-modal heavy rainfall
    footprint north-south when all is said and done. That said,
    forecast confidence in deciphering such deterministic details at
    this stage given the convective component is low, and as a result
    for now it's probably best to defer to later shifts with tightening
    up the Moderate Risk area.

    Otherwise, the trends support a small southeast shift in the Slight
    Risk over the Northern Plains (SD-northeast NE). Lastly, based on
    the antecedent soils and likelihood of additional activity
    associated along a lingering vort lobe (enhanced by Gulf breezes),
    have also expanded the Marginal Risk area to the Middle-Upper TX
    Coast to portions of the central Gulf Coast.

    Hurley
    Original discussion below..
    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...
    By the start of the day 2 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest. There still remains at least some
    uncertainty regarding the speed and latitude of these features
    (NAM3k a northern outlier for example), but PWs and IVT above the
    90th climatological percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with
    soils likely still recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest
    will likely lead to a swath of scattered flash flooding. A MDT
    risk was introduced with the latest outlook, spanning from MO to
    central IN. Heavy rain near a strengthening surface low and
    increased lift along an eastward stretching warm front across the
    Ohio Valley will overlap with saturated soils and swollen rivers
    across much of IL and IN. This will be one axis for potentially
    widespread flash flooding, with another axis lingering across
    southwest MO into eastern KS and possibly a relative minimum in
    between (right now most likely centered around central to
    southeast MO). This MO/KS potential is associated with the
    southwestern tail of an expected MCS, where flow may become
    parallel to the outflow boundary/front and promote both training
    thunderstorms and redevelopment of storms by Sunday evening.
    NBM probabilities for at least 2" remain very high (between
    70-90%) and cover much of northern MO, central IL, and central IN.
    Locally higher totals (CAMs depict potential for 4-7" totals) are
    likely given the convective environment. 00Z HREF and 18Z REFS
    probabilities for exceeding 3-hr FFG are around 30-60% across IL
    and IN, where antecedent ground conditions are wettest. The
    progressive nature of these storms may end up limiting the severity
    of flash flood impacts, but coverage of flash flooding impacts is
    expected to be widespread enough in the Midwest/Ohio Valley to
    warrant the level 3/4 MDT risk upgrade.
    ...Eastern Kansas to Southwest Missouri...
    More information regarding the southern end of the Saturday night
    thunderstorm complex/MCS likely to sink southeastward near a
    trailing cold front and impact areas near the Ozarks Sunday. 850 mb
    flow is expected to become quite convergent extending from central
    KS to southern MO, which will likely be the focus for training
    convection potential early on and then reforming activity later in
    Sunday associated with additional shortwave activity moving
    eastward across the Plains. However, there is some uncertainty
    surrounding if this boundary can sink further south during the day
    and keep storms somewhat progressive. This all combines for
    guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". This area also includes soils
    saturated due to a recent wet weather pattern, with NASA SPoRT-LIS
    depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in the 0-40cm soil
    moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF probabilities are
    agreeable with 40-70% values for exceeding 3" per 6-hrs.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE OHIO VALLEY TO
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...2000 UTC Update....

    The notable change made to the Day 3 ERO was to expand the Slight
    Risk. The main driver was the favorable deep-layer moisture
    profiles per the latest guidance, effectively shifting the axis of
    2-2.25" PWATs into the Mid Atlantic and southern New England.
    Instability at this point appears lacking, however in similar
    patterns (per the ERO first guess fields) highly-efficient rainfall
    rates in late June will more likely lead to more issues (perhaps
    more than just isolated) across the urban corridors and other areas
    susceptible to flash flooding. At this point, the EFI per last
    night's 00Z ECMWF is around 0.8, which along with PWATs near 2
    standard deviations above normal, would certainly support an
    upgrade to at least a low-end Slight Risk over these areas (at
    least 15% 40km neighborhood probability).

    Hurley
    Original discussion below..
    Day 3 continues to be an active pattern through a good portion of
    the CONUS, east of the Mississippi with a progressive trough axis
    pushing through the Great Lakes and Northeast leading to periods of
    moderate to heavy rainfall from the Ohio Valley into the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast. Areas of the Northeast are subject to
    thunderstorm prospects with the best chance for flash flooding
    likely to occur in the urban footprint from Philadelphia up to
    Boston with an expansion inland to the Hudson Valley down through
    eastern PA. Current probs off the latest ensembles and National
    Blend indicate a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the
    aforementioned area above with deterministic outputs closer to
    2-3.5" into parts of Southern New England. MRGL risk inherited
    remains in effect, but there's potential here for an upgrade as we
    move closer to the D2 window, but want to see more of the CAMs to
    make that decision. Limiting factor here remains low instability
    and while there is a window for heavier rates to linger for 3 to 6
    hours, the system overall is progressive. Some uncertainty also
    exists south of central NJ along the eastern Mid-Atlantic regarding
    overall coverage of thunderstorms.
    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude another
    round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front draped
    from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS. Probs for
    1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the Lower
    Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated theta_E's
    and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a formidable
    environment capable of continued heavy rain potential that will
    likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D3 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Lower Mississippi and neighboring Tennessee. The risk
    extends through the Smokey Mountains up into parts of the Central
    Appalachians in eastern KY up into WV as the convergence regime
    follows the frontal positioning over these areas. Greatest chances
    for multiple rounds of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+
    hourly rainfall rates currently appears to be over southeast OK
    into central AR and will be monitored closely once CAMs are within
    range of the forecast time period.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY...

    2030Z Excessive Rainfall Discussion Update...
    Overall...changes were pretty minimal and were done mainly to
    expand the coverage of the outlook area given placement/spread of
    QPF in spaghetti plots. Synoptically, the pattern evolution is
    comparable to the previous discussion.

    Bann


    Previous Excessive Rainfall Outlook...
    Day 4 is a transition period into a more typical summertime regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    cause a persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS
    development and flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and
    points southeast as the steering flow orients between the base of
    the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is
    historically projecting a case of thunderstorm maturation and
    upscale growth over the area between CO/KS down through OK/TX with
    potentially the Red River Basin as a focus for thunderstorm
    activity. Eventually, this ends up migrating into the ArkLaTex
    and/or Lower Mississippi area which is showing up in the QPF
    footprint on ensembles. There has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run-to-run continuity. The
    entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition in
    the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out of
    the Central Rockies and migrate east-southeast through the mean
    flow between the trough and ridge setup.
    QPF distribution for both days is relatively even, however the D4
    period is currently the most aggressive in terms of precipitation
    magnitudes depicted as the time frame notes a stronger mid-level
    disturbance ejecting out of the Front Range with heavy rain
    prospects spanning from southwestern NE down through KS/OK,
    eventually into the Lower Mississippi Valley as you work through
    the end of D4 into D5. PQPF signatures for >1" of precipitation are
    already pushing above 40% at lead for much of the aforementioned
    area, a testament to a stable signal for widespread moderate to
    heavy rain prospects as both the thermodynamic and kinematic
    evolutions remain favorable for the D4 and D5 periods. Expectation
    is for eventual upgrades across portions of the outlined area as we
    move closer, especially if the signal remains stable and the hi-res deterministic begin outlining the higher rate characteristics for
    the precipitation. Greatest risk for an upgrade is likely to occur
    where there will be multiple days of convective overlap allowing
    for falling FFG's and more susceptible hydrologic impacts as
    regional streams and rivers become more prone to flooding. This is
    a scenario where we'll be monitoring the evolution closely as more
    appreciable impacts are plausible in this synoptic scale
    persistence.
    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-MP4X75MXtuGMTSVBrcE8xh8FfqSJViRZkVZg1CIN774= xiX-Zk0k6Sqkcu9A7h2w0NLMk40U6-96BwdkD7NlZxL7ff0$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-MP4X75MXtuGMTSVBrcE8xh8FfqSJViRZkVZg1CIN774= xiX-Zk0k6Sqkcu9A7h2w0NLMk40U6-96BwdkD7Nl8E9TeVA$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!-MP4X75MXtuGMTSVBrcE8xh8FfqSJViRZkVZg1CIN774= xiX-Zk0k6Sqkcu9A7h2w0NLMk40U6-96BwdkD7Nllj-hpH4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 21, 2026 07:49:27
    FOUS30 KWBC 210749
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    349 AM EDT Sun Jun 21 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...

    By the start of the day 1 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest, driving the flash flood threat
    today from Kansas to Indiana. The regional radar representation
    early this morning over the central Plains is complex, with several
    clusters of thunderstorms and a trailing stationary axis of heavy
    rainfall across northwest Kansas. The expectation for the start of
    this day 1 outlook (12Z Sat) is for these thunderstorms to organize
    into a larger MCS spanning from northern MO to south-central KS.
    However, compared to normal forecasts within 12 hours, there
    remains some uncertainty with respect to the location of the
    heaviest rainfall. However, scattered instances of flash flooding
    are still expected within the MDT risk and locally significant
    flash flooding impacts cannot be ruled out.

    00Z CAMs and radar were utilized to define the western edge of the
    SLGT and MDT risk areas and to highlight training potential over
    south- central and southeast KS at the start of the forecast
    period. Another axis of heavy rainfall is possible this morning and
    through the day into the Midwest near the lifting warm front and
    surface low/MCV. PWs and IVT above the 90th climatological
    percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with soils likely still
    recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest will lead to a
    swath of at least scattered flash flooding. Antecedent ground
    conditions are likely to exacerbate flash flooding where 2"/hr
    rainfall rates occur, especially across parts of central IL and
    central IN, where NASA SPoRT-LIS 40 cm soil moisture is above the
    80th percentile and rivers remain swollen from previous rainfall
    over the last week. 00z HREF and REFS neighborhood probabilities
    for at least 3" per 6-hrs are between 30-50% across northern MO to
    central IL and southern IN, which would exceed local FFG. While the
    overall system will remain fairly progressive, flow oriented
    parallel to the trailing front/outflow boundary could prompt
    thunderstorm redevelopment late this afternoon and evening
    extending from central MO to southern IN and northern KY. This
    potential for repeating storms allowed for the MDT to shift a bit
    south with this update and adds additional potential for locally
    severe flash flooding.

    ...Southeast Kansas to Southwest Missouri...

    The southwestern flank of the ongoing MCS this morning is expected
    to extend from south-central KS to southwest MO as 850 mb flow is
    expected to become quite convergent. This may also become a focus
    for reforming activity later tonight associated with additional
    shortwave activity moving eastward across the Plains. However,
    there is some uncertainty surrounding if this boundary can sink
    further south during the day and keep storms somewhat progressive
    or situated over OK and AR instead. Regardless, this all combines
    for guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". Parts of southwest MO have saturated
    antecedent ground conditions due to a recent wet weather pattern,
    with NASA SPoRT-LIS depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in
    the 0-40cm soil moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF
    probabilities are agreeable with 20-60% values for exceeding 3" per
    6-hrs between the two potential rounds, though may be underdone
    across south-central and southeast KS for this morning's activity
    based on radar and HRRR/RRFS trends.

    ...Upper/Middle Texas Gulf Coast to Southwest Louisiana...

    A very moist atmosphere remains in place along with an upper low
    over South Texas to help foster additional heavy rainfall chances,
    primarily this morning, across the middle TX coast to southwest
    LA. A remnant outflow boundary located in the northwest Gulf this
    morning is expected to lift northward as return flow increases and
    spark convection early this morning. PWs over 2.4" will allow for
    any thunderstorms to contain 2-3"/hr rates and may linger in a
    localized manner over similar locations and cause isolated to
    scattered flash flooding. This area remains overly saturated from
    prior torrential rains the last few days, which increases the
    concern somewhat for additional flash flooding impacts today and
    thus the addition of a SLGT risk in the excessive rainfall outlook.

    ...South Dakota...

    Previously outlooked SLGT risk was removed with this update as the
    slow-moving upper low produces scattered meandering thunderstorms,
    but coverage is not expected to be enough for more than isolated
    flash flooding in an area with fairly dry antecedent ground
    conditions. Still, isolated flash flooding is possible and supports
    the MRGL risk designation.

    ...Southern Mississippi, Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle...

    Additional scattered thunderstorms are likely for the central Gulf
    Coast states and Florida Panhandle, an area that has experienced
    rounds of extreme rainfall over the last several days. A MRGL risk
    remains in effect today, which highlights the potential for
    isolated flash flooding. Thunderstorms are expected to remain
    widely scattered as a front lifts well north towards the southern
    Appalachians today. Thus, limited focus for storms to remain over
    one area for enough duration to produce more than 3-4" of rain and
    expectation that a MRGL will suffice even though FFG remains
    drastically lower than normal for this part of the country. As
    always, urban areas will be most susceptible to flash flooding
    impacts should storms set up directly overhead and linger given the
    moist southwesterly flow in place.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE NORTHEAST...

    ...Northeast and Mid-Atlantic...

    The day 2 forecast period will feature a progressive trough axis
    pushing from the Great Lakes to the Northeast with a trailing
    frontal boundary reach southwest to the Southern Plains and above
    average PWs along the axis to help create excessive rainfall
    concerns. Areas of the Northeast and I-95 corridor as south as
    Washington D.C. are subject to thunderstorm prospects with the
    best chance for flash flooding likely to occur in the urban
    footprint from D.C. to NYC with an expansion inland to central PA.
    Current probs off the latest ensembles and National Blend indicate
    a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the aforementioned
    area above with deterministic outputs closer to 2-3.5" into parts
    of Southern New England. The 00z HREF (only covers through 00Z
    6/23) and 00Z REFS indicate 30-60% neighborhood probabilities for
    at least 2" per 6-hrs from D.C. to NYC and would be enough for
    some urban flash flooding concerns. There has been additional
    uncertainty farther north and east with how far to extend the SLGT
    risk, but given typical mesoscale uncertainties and limited
    instability, in coordination with local forecast offices the SLGT
    risk was confined a bit. Look for additional refinements once the
    full suite of CAMs is available, especially with increasing PWs
    near the 90th climatological percentile and a nearby warm front in
    the area for potential focused axis for thunderstorms.

    ...Southern Plains to Central Appalachians...

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude
    another round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front
    draped from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS.
    Probs for >1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the
    Lower Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated
    theta_E's and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a
    formidable environment capable of continued heavy rain potential
    that will likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D2 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Southern Plains, Lower Mississippi Valley and
    neighboring Tennessee Valley. The risk extends through the Smokey
    Mountains up into parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY
    up into WV as the convergence regime follows the frontal
    positioning over these areas. Greatest chances for multiple rounds
    of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+ hourly rainfall rates
    currently appears to be over southeast OK into central AR and will
    be monitored closely once CAMs are within range of the forecast
    time period. Latest "longer range" REFS and HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" are scattered throughout the region.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...Central Plains to Southeast...

    Day 3 is a transition period into a more typical summertime regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    cause a persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS
    development and flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and
    points southeast as the steering flow orients between the base of
    the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is
    historically projecting a case of thunderstorm maturation and
    upscale growth over the area between CO/KS down through OK/TX with
    potentially the Red River Basin as a focus for thunderstorm
    activity. Eventually, this ends up migrating into the ArkLaTex
    and/or Lower Mississippi area which is showing up in the QPF
    footprint on ensembles. There has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run-to-run continuity.
    Should CAMs come into better focus for aforementioned MCS activity
    over the region, a SLGT risk could be introduced in future updates.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY...

    Both the D4 and D5 time frames remain in a more typical summertime
    regime for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S.
    and a dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    allow for persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. Global deterministic and their
    ensembles continue to depict a setup conducive for scattered to
    widespread convective activity with general organization likely to
    occur over the course of each evening as thunderstorms grow
    upstream and migrate southeast within the prevailing
    northwesterlies between 700-300mb. Moisture and instability will
    remain elevated across much of the aforementioned areas with the
    latest NAEFS output signaling a northwest to southeast alignment of
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 standard deviations from the WY
    Front Range down to the ArkLaTex. This is historically projecting
    a case of thunderstorm maturation and upscale growth over the area
    outlined within the anomaly field with a correlation of a defined
    theta_E ridge focused within that same zone. This would allow for
    convective initiation upstream over the Front Range with organized
    convective evolutions to drawn southeastward along the theta_E
    gradient and oriented with the mean flow aloft. This would likely
    entail convection motioning into KS/OK and pivoting eastward
    towards the ArkLaTex as progs indicate the positioning of a quasi-
    stationary front situated across the Lower Mississippi Valley which
    would turn to a focal point for convection. ML outputs are a bit
    further south with the potential as the EC-AIFS Ensemble even
    promotes the threat for heavy convection towards the Red River
    Basin, so there is some opportunity for southern adjustments in the
    mean QPF as we move closer, so long as that signal remains stable
    in the means. Overall, there has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run- to-run continuity.

    The entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition
    in the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out
    of the Central Rockies and migrate east- southeast through the
    mean flow between the trough and ridge setup. There is now some
    indication the ridging breaks down as a the heights across the west
    get squashed in favor of a much stronger upper trough migrating out
    of the northeastern Pacific into the Pacific Northwest and Northern
    Rockies. The signal is showing up within the 500mb Height Anomalies
    on both the ECENS and GEFS, a solid consensus in the pattern
    breaking down somewhat as we move into the end of the week. This
    will likely signal an end to the persistent northwesterlies after
    the D5 window, however strong shortwave ejections will still be
    plausible, as noted via the D5 window where there's growing favor
    for heavy precip to occur across much of the Central Plains during
    the period Thursday and Thursday night. Greatest probabilities
    within the >1" PQPF are situated over southwestern NE down through
    KS into OK with a general 25-50% already showing up across the
    region. For a convective pattern at 5-day leads, this is a
    relatively formidable signal in the threat for heavy rainfall, so
    both the D4 and D5 time frames are likely going to see some short
    term forecast upgrades as we gain further consensus in the
    deterministic, especially as we step into the range of the CAMs.
    PQPF for >2" over 72hrs (D3-5) is between 30-60% across the
    ArkLaTex into the Lower Mississippi area of southern AR. This is
    the most likely location for an upgrade in the risk, especially as
    the recent NBM continues to pin this area as the focal point for
    overlapping convection in the D3-5 window. MRGL risks remain the
    forecast for both the D4 and D5 periods for the time being.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!75ZSMvMHKBtqhueC1RVdfqzd3NxYLoxHqaGYMzdp1rx4= WZ3wsceajOS_dZDjAcwuawliFZ-rQQCwYGCEHgVGK6LFaRI$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!75ZSMvMHKBtqhueC1RVdfqzd3NxYLoxHqaGYMzdp1rx4= WZ3wsceajOS_dZDjAcwuawliFZ-rQQCwYGCEHgVG0d7W5nM$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!75ZSMvMHKBtqhueC1RVdfqzd3NxYLoxHqaGYMzdp1rx4= WZ3wsceajOS_dZDjAcwuawliFZ-rQQCwYGCEHgVGK-OP6es$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 21, 2026 15:44:55
    FOUS30 KWBC 211544
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1144 AM EDT Sun Jun 21 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    16 UTC Update:

    Current line of storms has pushed quickly through eastern Kansas
    and western Missouri with well defined MCV noted. The northern
    flank of this activity is expected to continue eastward into
    Illinois and eventually Indiana. With diurnal heating this
    afternoon, the coverage and intensity of storms will likely uptick.
    While the progressive nature of this line may limit the overall
    duration of any particular thunderstorm and intense rainfall, some
    repeating rounds will be possible. Additionally, the wet antecedent
    conditions will allow for greater runoff. All said, rainfall
    amounts of 1-3" with isolated higher amounts will be possible from
    eastern MO through south-central Illinois and Indiana. The key
    message is that intense rain rates (locally over 2"/hr) over very
    wet antecedent conditions may result in excessive runoff and
    flooding, some of which could be locally significant.

    Further south, the southern flank of precipitation is advancing
    into northeastern OK and northwestern AR, and this activity is
    likely to dissipate over the next few hours. However, it will set
    up an outflow boundary and with this evening's low level jet and
    another shortwave, will be the trigger for an quasi west to east
    oriented line of thunderstorms. Initially, storm motions will be
    slow with possible repeating/training storms. Localized 2-4" totals
    with some potential for isolated higher amounts.

    The main changes to the ERO was to trim the western edges of the
    risk areas as the main threat of significant heavy rainfall has
    lowered. The Moderate Risks were confined to eastern MO through
    Indiana with the main northern shield of heavy rain with a separate
    secondary area for later activity across southeast KS, southwest
    MO, northeast OK, and northwest AR.

    Elsewhere, minimal changes were made with some tweaks across the
    Gulf Coast with the Slight Risk along the Texas Gulf Coast.

    Taylor

    previous discussion...

    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...
    By the start of the day 1 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest, driving the flash flood threat
    today from Kansas to Indiana. The regional radar representation
    early this morning over the central Plains is complex, with several
    clusters of thunderstorms and a trailing stationary axis of heavy
    rainfall across northwest Kansas. The expectation for the start of
    this day 1 outlook (12Z Sat) is for these thunderstorms to organize
    into a larger MCS spanning from northern MO to south-central KS.
    However, compared to normal forecasts within 12 hours, there
    remains some uncertainty with respect to the location of the
    heaviest rainfall. However, scattered instances of flash flooding
    are still expected within the MDT risk and locally significant
    flash flooding impacts cannot be ruled out.

    00Z CAMs and radar were utilized to define the western edge of the
    SLGT and MDT risk areas and to highlight training potential over
    south- central and southeast KS at the start of the forecast
    period. Another axis of heavy rainfall is possible this morning and
    through the day into the Midwest near the lifting warm front and
    surface low/MCV. PWs and IVT above the 90th climatological
    percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with soils likely still
    recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest will lead to a
    swath of at least scattered flash flooding. Antecedent ground
    conditions are likely to exacerbate flash flooding where 2"/hr
    rainfall rates occur, especially across parts of central IL and
    central IN, where NASA SPoRT-LIS 40 cm soil moisture is above the
    80th percentile and rivers remain swollen from previous rainfall
    over the last week. 00z HREF and REFS neighborhood probabilities
    for at least 3" per 6-hrs are between 30-50% across northern MO to
    central IL and southern IN, which would exceed local FFG. While the
    overall system will remain fairly progressive, flow oriented
    parallel to the trailing front/outflow boundary could prompt
    thunderstorm redevelopment late this afternoon and evening
    extending from central MO to southern IN and northern KY. This
    potential for repeating storms allowed for the MDT to shift a bit
    south with this update and adds additional potential for locally
    severe flash flooding.

    ...Southeast Kansas to Southwest Missouri...
    The southwestern flank of the ongoing MCS this morning is expected
    to extend from south-central KS to southwest MO as 850 mb flow is
    expected to become quite convergent. This may also become a focus
    for reforming activity later tonight associated with additional
    shortwave activity moving eastward across the Plains. However,
    there is some uncertainty surrounding if this boundary can sink
    further south during the day and keep storms somewhat progressive
    or situated over OK and AR instead. Regardless, this all combines
    for guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". Parts of southwest MO have saturated
    antecedent ground conditions due to a recent wet weather pattern,
    with NASA SPoRT-LIS depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in
    the 0-40cm soil moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF
    probabilities are agreeable with 20-60% values for exceeding 3" per
    6-hrs between the two potential rounds, though may be underdone
    across south-central and southeast KS for this morning's activity
    based on radar and HRRR/RRFS trends.

    ...Upper/Middle Texas Gulf Coast to Southwest Louisiana...
    A very moist atmosphere remains in place along with an upper low
    over South Texas to help foster additional heavy rainfall chances,
    primarily this morning, across the middle TX coast to southwest
    LA. A remnant outflow boundary located in the northwest Gulf this
    morning is expected to lift northward as return flow increases and
    spark convection early this morning. PWs over 2.4" will allow for
    any thunderstorms to contain 2-3"/hr rates and may linger in a
    localized manner over similar locations and cause isolated to
    scattered flash flooding. This area remains overly saturated from
    prior torrential rains the last few days, which increases the
    concern somewhat for additional flash flooding impacts today and
    thus the addition of a SLGT risk in the excessive rainfall outlook.

    ...South Dakota...
    Previously outlooked SLGT risk was removed with this update as the
    slow-moving upper low produces scattered meandering thunderstorms,
    but coverage is not expected to be enough for more than isolated
    flash flooding in an area with fairly dry antecedent ground
    conditions. Still, isolated flash flooding is possible and supports
    the MRGL risk designation.

    ...Southern Mississippi, Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle...
    Additional scattered thunderstorms are likely for the central Gulf
    Coast states and Florida Panhandle, an area that has experienced
    rounds of extreme rainfall over the last several days. A MRGL risk
    remains in effect today, which highlights the potential for
    isolated flash flooding. Thunderstorms are expected to remain
    widely scattered as a front lifts well north towards the southern
    Appalachians today. Thus, limited focus for storms to remain over
    one area for enough duration to produce more than 3-4" of rain and
    expectation that a MRGL will suffice even though FFG remains
    drastically lower than normal for this part of the country. As
    always, urban areas will be most susceptible to flash flooding
    impacts should storms set up directly overhead and linger given the
    moist southwesterly flow in place.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE NORTHEAST...

    ...Northeast and Mid-Atlantic...

    The day 2 forecast period will feature a progressive trough axis
    pushing from the Great Lakes to the Northeast with a trailing
    frontal boundary reach southwest to the Southern Plains and above
    average PWs along the axis to help create excessive rainfall
    concerns. Areas of the Northeast and I-95 corridor as south as
    Washington D.C. are subject to thunderstorm prospects with the
    best chance for flash flooding likely to occur in the urban
    footprint from D.C. to NYC with an expansion inland to central PA.
    Current probs off the latest ensembles and National Blend indicate
    a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the aforementioned
    area above with deterministic outputs closer to 2-3.5" into parts
    of Southern New England. The 00z HREF (only covers through 00Z
    6/23) and 00Z REFS indicate 30-60% neighborhood probabilities for
    at least 2" per 6-hrs from D.C. to NYC and would be enough for
    some urban flash flooding concerns. There has been additional
    uncertainty farther north and east with how far to extend the SLGT
    risk, but given typical mesoscale uncertainties and limited
    instability, in coordination with local forecast offices the SLGT
    risk was confined a bit. Look for additional refinements once the
    full suite of CAMs is available, especially with increasing PWs
    near the 90th climatological percentile and a nearby warm front in
    the area for potential focused axis for thunderstorms.

    ...Southern Plains to Central Appalachians...

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude
    another round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front
    draped from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS.
    Probs for >1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the
    Lower Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated
    theta_E's and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a
    formidable environment capable of continued heavy rain potential
    that will likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D2 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Southern Plains, Lower Mississippi Valley and
    neighboring Tennessee Valley. The risk extends through the Smokey
    Mountains up into parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY
    up into WV as the convergence regime follows the frontal
    positioning over these areas. Greatest chances for multiple rounds
    of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+ hourly rainfall rates
    currently appears to be over southeast OK into central AR and will
    be monitored closely once CAMs are within range of the forecast
    time period. Latest "longer range" REFS and HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" are scattered throughout the region.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...Central Plains to Southeast...

    Day 3 is a transition period into a more typical summertime regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    cause a persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS
    development and flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and
    points southeast as the steering flow orients between the base of
    the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is
    historically projecting a case of thunderstorm maturation and
    upscale growth over the area between CO/KS down through OK/TX with
    potentially the Red River Basin as a focus for thunderstorm
    activity. Eventually, this ends up migrating into the ArkLaTex
    and/or Lower Mississippi area which is showing up in the QPF
    footprint on ensembles. There has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run-to-run continuity.
    Should CAMs come into better focus for aforementioned MCS activity
    over the region, a SLGT risk could be introduced in future updates.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY...

    Both the D4 and D5 time frames remain in a more typical summertime
    regime for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S.
    and a dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    allow for persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. Global deterministic and their
    ensembles continue to depict a setup conducive for scattered to
    widespread convective activity with general organization likely to
    occur over the course of each evening as thunderstorms grow
    upstream and migrate southeast within the prevailing
    northwesterlies between 700-300mb. Moisture and instability will
    remain elevated across much of the aforementioned areas with the
    latest NAEFS output signaling a northwest to southeast alignment of
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 standard deviations from the WY
    Front Range down to the ArkLaTex. This is historically projecting
    a case of thunderstorm maturation and upscale growth over the area
    outlined within the anomaly field with a correlation of a defined
    theta_E ridge focused within that same zone. This would allow for
    convective initiation upstream over the Front Range with organized
    convective evolutions to drawn southeastward along the theta_E
    gradient and oriented with the mean flow aloft. This would likely
    entail convection motioning into KS/OK and pivoting eastward
    towards the ArkLaTex as progs indicate the positioning of a quasi-
    stationary front situated across the Lower Mississippi Valley which
    would turn to a focal point for convection. ML outputs are a bit
    further south with the potential as the EC-AIFS Ensemble even
    promotes the threat for heavy convection towards the Red River
    Basin, so there is some opportunity for southern adjustments in the
    mean QPF as we move closer, so long as that signal remains stable
    in the means. Overall, there has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run- to-run continuity.

    The entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition
    in the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out
    of the Central Rockies and migrate east- southeast through the
    mean flow between the trough and ridge setup. There is now some
    indication the ridging breaks down as a the heights across the west
    get squashed in favor of a much stronger upper trough migrating out
    of the northeastern Pacific into the Pacific Northwest and Northern
    Rockies. The signal is showing up within the 500mb Height Anomalies
    on both the ECENS and GEFS, a solid consensus in the pattern
    breaking down somewhat as we move into the end of the week. This
    will likely signal an end to the persistent northwesterlies after
    the D5 window, however strong shortwave ejections will still be
    plausible, as noted via the D5 window where there's growing favor
    for heavy precip to occur across much of the Central Plains during
    the period Thursday and Thursday night. Greatest probabilities
    within the >1" PQPF are situated over southwestern NE down through
    KS into OK with a general 25-50% already showing up across the
    region. For a convective pattern at 5-day leads, this is a
    relatively formidable signal in the threat for heavy rainfall, so
    both the D4 and D5 time frames are likely going to see some short
    term forecast upgrades as we gain further consensus in the
    deterministic, especially as we step into the range of the CAMs.
    PQPF for >2" over 72hrs (D3-5) is between 30-60% across the
    ArkLaTex into the Lower Mississippi area of southern AR. This is
    the most likely location for an upgrade in the risk, especially as
    the recent NBM continues to pin this area as the focal point for
    overlapping convection in the D3-5 window. MRGL risks remain the
    forecast for both the D4 and D5 periods for the time being.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4nKeelkc0asKpbHmS-xWupaY2DHezDdssHLmVVYtQNwG= 0DZRlxUDzsHncisuQB4jvEsNrnDX3yGSGK3yywwl6Al5NLA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4nKeelkc0asKpbHmS-xWupaY2DHezDdssHLmVVYtQNwG= 0DZRlxUDzsHncisuQB4jvEsNrnDX3yGSGK3yywwlnWEfVC8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4nKeelkc0asKpbHmS-xWupaY2DHezDdssHLmVVYtQNwG= 0DZRlxUDzsHncisuQB4jvEsNrnDX3yGSGK3yywwlv8TbUk0$=20



    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 21, 2026 19:33:35
    FOUS30 KWBC 211933
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    333 PM EDT Sun Jun 21 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 1925Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    20 UTC Update:
    Pulse convection across portions of New England will continue to
    produce isolated intense rain rates over 1"/hr at times over the
    next several hours. Isolated flash flooding will be possible given
    the above normal PWs in place and possible repeating rounds of
    short but intense rainfall. See WPC MPD 490 for more details.

    Elsewhere, the organized convection across the TX Gulf Coast has
    largely dissipated and the Slight Risk there has been removed.

    Taylor

    16 UTC Update:

    Current line of storms has pushed quickly through eastern Kansas
    and western Missouri with well defined MCV noted. The northern
    flank of this activity is expected to continue eastward into
    Illinois and eventually Indiana. With diurnal heating this
    afternoon, the coverage and intensity of storms will likely uptick.
    While the progressive nature of this line may limit the overall
    duration of any particular thunderstorm and intense rainfall, some
    repeating rounds will be possible. Additionally, the wet antecedent
    conditions will allow for greater runoff. All said, rainfall
    amounts of 1-3" with isolated higher amounts will be possible from
    eastern MO through south-central Illinois and Indiana. The key
    message is that intense rain rates (locally over 2"/hr) over very
    wet antecedent conditions may result in excessive runoff and
    flooding, some of which could be locally significant.

    Further south, the southern flank of precipitation is advancing
    into northeastern OK and northwestern AR, and this activity is
    likely to dissipate over the next few hours. However, it will set
    up an outflow boundary and with this evening's low level jet and
    another shortwave, will be the trigger for an quasi west to east
    oriented line of thunderstorms. Initially, storm motions will be
    slow with possible repeating/training storms. Localized 2-4" totals
    with some potential for isolated higher amounts.

    The main changes to the ERO was to trim the western edges of the
    risk areas as the main threat of significant heavy rainfall has
    lowered. The Moderate Risks were confined to eastern MO through
    Indiana with the main northern shield of heavy rain with a separate
    secondary area for later activity across southeast KS, southwest
    MO, northeast OK, and northwest AR.

    Elsewhere, minimal changes were made with some tweaks across the
    Gulf Coast with the Slight Risk along the Texas Gulf Coast.

    Taylor

    previous discussion...

    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...
    By the start of the day 1 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest, driving the flash flood threat
    today from Kansas to Indiana. The regional radar representation
    early this morning over the central Plains is complex, with several
    clusters of thunderstorms and a trailing stationary axis of heavy
    rainfall across northwest Kansas. The expectation for the start of
    this day 1 outlook (12Z Sat) is for these thunderstorms to organize
    into a larger MCS spanning from northern MO to south-central KS.
    However, compared to normal forecasts within 12 hours, there
    remains some uncertainty with respect to the location of the
    heaviest rainfall. However, scattered instances of flash flooding
    are still expected within the MDT risk and locally significant
    flash flooding impacts cannot be ruled out.

    00Z CAMs and radar were utilized to define the western edge of the
    SLGT and MDT risk areas and to highlight training potential over
    south- central and southeast KS at the start of the forecast
    period. Another axis of heavy rainfall is possible this morning and
    through the day into the Midwest near the lifting warm front and
    surface low/MCV. PWs and IVT above the 90th climatological
    percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with soils likely still
    recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest will lead to a
    swath of at least scattered flash flooding. Antecedent ground
    conditions are likely to exacerbate flash flooding where 2"/hr
    rainfall rates occur, especially across parts of central IL and
    central IN, where NASA SPoRT-LIS 40 cm soil moisture is above the
    80th percentile and rivers remain swollen from previous rainfall
    over the last week. 00z HREF and REFS neighborhood probabilities
    for at least 3" per 6-hrs are between 30-50% across northern MO to
    central IL and southern IN, which would exceed local FFG. While the
    overall system will remain fairly progressive, flow oriented
    parallel to the trailing front/outflow boundary could prompt
    thunderstorm redevelopment late this afternoon and evening
    extending from central MO to southern IN and northern KY. This
    potential for repeating storms allowed for the MDT to shift a bit
    south with this update and adds additional potential for locally
    severe flash flooding.

    ...Southeast Kansas to Southwest Missouri...
    The southwestern flank of the ongoing MCS this morning is expected
    to extend from south-central KS to southwest MO as 850 mb flow is
    expected to become quite convergent. This may also become a focus
    for reforming activity later tonight associated with additional
    shortwave activity moving eastward across the Plains. However,
    there is some uncertainty surrounding if this boundary can sink
    further south during the day and keep storms somewhat progressive
    or situated over OK and AR instead. Regardless, this all combines
    for guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". Parts of southwest MO have saturated
    antecedent ground conditions due to a recent wet weather pattern,
    with NASA SPoRT-LIS depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in
    the 0-40cm soil moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF
    probabilities are agreeable with 20-60% values for exceeding 3" per
    6-hrs between the two potential rounds, though may be underdone
    across south-central and southeast KS for this morning's activity
    based on radar and HRRR/RRFS trends.

    ...Upper/Middle Texas Gulf Coast to Southwest Louisiana...
    A very moist atmosphere remains in place along with an upper low
    over South Texas to help foster additional heavy rainfall chances,
    primarily this morning, across the middle TX coast to southwest
    LA. A remnant outflow boundary located in the northwest Gulf this
    morning is expected to lift northward as return flow increases and
    spark convection early this morning. PWs over 2.4" will allow for
    any thunderstorms to contain 2-3"/hr rates and may linger in a
    localized manner over similar locations and cause isolated to
    scattered flash flooding. This area remains overly saturated from
    prior torrential rains the last few days, which increases the
    concern somewhat for additional flash flooding impacts today and
    thus the addition of a SLGT risk in the excessive rainfall outlook.

    ...South Dakota...
    Previously outlooked SLGT risk was removed with this update as the
    slow-moving upper low produces scattered meandering thunderstorms,
    but coverage is not expected to be enough for more than isolated
    flash flooding in an area with fairly dry antecedent ground
    conditions. Still, isolated flash flooding is possible and supports
    the MRGL risk designation.

    ...Southern Mississippi, Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle...
    Additional scattered thunderstorms are likely for the central Gulf
    Coast states and Florida Panhandle, an area that has experienced
    rounds of extreme rainfall over the last several days. A MRGL risk
    remains in effect today, which highlights the potential for
    isolated flash flooding. Thunderstorms are expected to remain
    widely scattered as a front lifts well north towards the southern
    Appalachians today. Thus, limited focus for storms to remain over
    one area for enough duration to produce more than 3-4" of rain and
    expectation that a MRGL will suffice even though FFG remains
    drastically lower than normal for this part of the country. As
    always, urban areas will be most susceptible to flash flooding
    impacts should storms set up directly overhead and linger given the
    moist southwesterly flow in place.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE NORTHEAST...

    20 UTC Update:

    The inherited forecast and risk areas remain in good shape
    following today's forecast cycle. Only minimal adjustments were
    made to the Slight Risk area, with several focus areas of concern.
    The first is the Mid-Atlantic to Northeast, generally along and
    around the I-95 corridor. Between DC and NYC, the 12Z HREF
    probabilities for at least 3" reach a peak of 50 to 70 percent,
    with that coming in generally 6-hrs or less. So while storms may be
    somewhat progressive, the possible repeating rounds and intense
    rain rates (2-3"/hr) could lead to urban flash flood issues.

    Further along the frontal boundary, pockets of locally heavy
    rainfall are expected across the central Appalachians into the
    Tennessee Valley and finally at the tail end of the frontal
    boundary where it is expected to become more west to east oriented
    across Oklahoma into Arkansas. This is where the storms are more
    likely to train/repeat. The 12Z HREF continues to show moderate to
    high probabilities (above 50 percent) for 24-hr totals exceeding
    3", with some potential for isolated 5" totals.

    A Marginal Risk was added to the northern Plains as another storm
    system advances into the area. Warm moist air ahead of it
    interacting with a frontal boundary in place will likely bring
    scattered to numerous thunderstorms to portions of North Dakota,
    with an isolated flash flood threat.

    Taylor

    previous discussion...

    ...Northeast and Mid-Atlantic...

    The day 2 forecast period will feature a progressive trough axis
    pushing from the Great Lakes to the Northeast with a trailing
    frontal boundary reach southwest to the Southern Plains and above
    average PWs along the axis to help create excessive rainfall
    concerns. Areas of the Northeast and I-95 corridor as south as
    Washington D.C. are subject to thunderstorm prospects with the
    best chance for flash flooding likely to occur in the urban
    footprint from D.C. to NYC with an expansion inland to central PA.
    Current probs off the latest ensembles and National Blend indicate
    a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the aforementioned
    area above with deterministic outputs closer to 2-3.5" into parts
    of Southern New England. The 00z HREF (only covers through 00Z
    6/23) and 00Z REFS indicate 30-60% neighborhood probabilities for
    at least 2" per 6-hrs from D.C. to NYC and would be enough for
    some urban flash flooding concerns. There has been additional
    uncertainty farther north and east with how far to extend the SLGT
    risk, but given typical mesoscale uncertainties and limited
    instability, in coordination with local forecast offices the SLGT
    risk was confined a bit. Look for additional refinements once the
    full suite of CAMs is available, especially with increasing PWs
    near the 90th climatological percentile and a nearby warm front in
    the area for potential focused axis for thunderstorms.

    ...Southern Plains to Central Appalachians...

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude
    another round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front
    draped from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS.
    Probs for >1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the
    Lower Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated
    theta_E's and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a
    formidable environment capable of continued heavy rain potential
    that will likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D2 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Southern Plains, Lower Mississippi Valley and
    neighboring Tennessee Valley. The risk extends through the Smokey
    Mountains up into parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY
    up into WV as the convergence regime follows the frontal
    positioning over these areas. Greatest chances for multiple rounds
    of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+ hourly rainfall rates
    currently appears to be over southeast OK into central AR and will
    be monitored closely once CAMs are within range of the forecast
    time period. Latest "longer range" REFS and HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" are scattered throughout the region.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE NORTHEAST...

    20 UTC Update:

    The inherited forecast and risk areas remain in good shape
    following today's forecast cycle. Only minimal adjustments were
    made to the Slight Risk area, with several focus areas of concern.
    The first is the Mid-Atlantic to Northeast, generally along and
    around the I-95 corridor. Between DC and NYC, the 12Z HREF
    probabilities for at least 3" reach a peak of 50 to 70 percent,
    with that coming in generally 6-hrs or less. So while storms may be
    somewhat progressive, the possible repeating rounds and intense
    rain rates (2-3"/hr) could lead to urban flash flood issues.

    Further along the frontal boundary, pockets of locally heavy
    rainfall are expected across the central Appalachians into the
    Tennessee Valley and finally at the tail end of the frontal
    boundary where it is expected to become more west to east oriented
    across Oklahoma into Arkansas. This is where the storms are more
    likely to train/repeat. The 12Z HREF continues to show moderate to
    high probabilities (above 50 percent) for 24-hr totals exceeding
    3", with some potential for isolated 5" totals.

    A Marginal Risk was added to the northern Plains as another storm
    system advances into the area. Warm moist air ahead of it
    interacting with a frontal boundary in place will likely bring
    scattered to numerous thunderstorms to portions of North Dakota,
    with an isolated flash flood threat.

    Taylor

    previous discussion...

    ...Northeast and Mid-Atlantic...

    The day 2 forecast period will feature a progressive trough axis
    pushing from the Great Lakes to the Northeast with a trailing
    frontal boundary reach southwest to the Southern Plains and above
    average PWs along the axis to help create excessive rainfall
    concerns. Areas of the Northeast and I-95 corridor as south as
    Washington D.C. are subject to thunderstorm prospects with the
    best chance for flash flooding likely to occur in the urban
    footprint from D.C. to NYC with an expansion inland to central PA.
    Current probs off the latest ensembles and National Blend indicate
    a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the aforementioned
    area above with deterministic outputs closer to 2-3.5" into parts
    of Southern New England. The 00z HREF (only covers through 00Z
    6/23) and 00Z REFS indicate 30-60% neighborhood probabilities for
    at least 2" per 6-hrs from D.C. to NYC and would be enough for
    some urban flash flooding concerns. There has been additional
    uncertainty farther north and east with how far to extend the SLGT
    risk, but given typical mesoscale uncertainties and limited
    instability, in coordination with local forecast offices the SLGT
    risk was confined a bit. Look for additional refinements once the
    full suite of CAMs is available, especially with increasing PWs
    near the 90th climatological percentile and a nearby warm front in
    the area for potential focused axis for thunderstorms.

    ...Southern Plains to Central Appalachians...

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude
    another round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front
    draped from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS.
    Probs for >1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the
    Lower Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated
    theta_E's and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a
    formidable environment capable of continued heavy rain potential
    that will likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D2 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Southern Plains, Lower Mississippi Valley and
    neighboring Tennessee Valley. The risk extends through the Smokey
    Mountains up into parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY
    up into WV as the convergence regime follows the frontal
    positioning over these areas. Greatest chances for multiple rounds
    of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+ hourly rainfall rates
    currently appears to be over southeast OK into central AR and will
    be monitored closely once CAMs are within range of the forecast
    time period. Latest "longer range" REFS and HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" are scattered throughout the region.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026
    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY...
    2030Z Discussion...

    There has been a modest up-tick in deterministic/ensemble QPF
    across portions of the nationa's mid-section on Day 4 where
    persistent southerly flow ahead of developing low pressure in the
    southern High Plaisns. Even so...the spread in placement did
    little to boost confidence enough for inclusion of a Slight Risk
    area and the flow around the low pressure would have a trajectory
    off the terrain rather than the Gulf. No changes needed on Day 5.

    Bann

    Previous Discussion...
    Both the D4 and D5 time frames remain in a more typical summertime
    regime for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S.
    and a dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    allow for persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. Global deterministic and their
    ensembles continue to depict a setup conducive for scattered to
    widespread convective activity with general organization likely to
    occur over the course of each evening as thunderstorms grow
    upstream and migrate southeast within the prevailing
    northwesterlies between 700-300mb. Moisture and instability will
    remain elevated across much of the aforementioned areas with the
    latest NAEFS output signaling a northwest to southeast alignment of
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 standard deviations from the WY
    Front Range down to the ArkLaTex. This is historically projecting
    a case of thunderstorm maturation and upscale growth over the area
    outlined within the anomaly field with a correlation of a defined
    theta_E ridge focused within that same zone. This would allow for
    convective initiation upstream over the Front Range with organized
    convective evolutions to drawn southeastward along the theta_E
    gradient and oriented with the mean flow aloft. This would likely
    entail convection motioning into KS/OK and pivoting eastward
    towards the ArkLaTex as progs indicate the positioning of a quasi-
    stationary front situated across the Lower Mississippi Valley which
    would turn to a focal point for convection. ML outputs are a bit
    further south with the potential as the EC-AIFS Ensemble even
    promotes the threat for heavy convection towards the Red River
    Basin, so there is some opportunity for southern adjustments in the
    mean QPF as we move closer, so long as that signal remains stable
    in the means. Overall, there has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run- to-run continuity.

    The entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition
    in the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out
    of the Central Rockies and migrate east- southeast through the
    mean flow between the trough and ridge setup. There is now some
    indication the ridging breaks down as a the heights across the west
    get squashed in favor of a much stronger upper trough migrating out
    of the northeastern Pacific into the Pacific Northwest and Northern
    Rockies. The signal is showing up within the 500mb Height Anomalies
    on both the ECENS and GEFS, a solid consensus in the pattern
    breaking down somewhat as we move into the end of the week. This
    will likely signal an end to the persistent northwesterlies after
    the D5 window, however strong shortwave ejections will still be
    plausible, as noted via the D5 window where there's growing favor
    for heavy precip to occur across much of the Central Plains during
    the period Thursday and Thursday night. Greatest probabilities
    within the >1" PQPF are situated over southwestern NE down through
    KS into OK with a general 25-50% already showing up across the
    region. For a convective pattern at 5-day leads, this is a
    relatively formidable signal in the threat for heavy rainfall, so
    both the D4 and D5 time frames are likely going to see some short
    term forecast upgrades as we gain further consensus in the
    deterministic, especially as we step into the range of the CAMs.
    PQPF for >2" over 72hrs (D3-5) is between 30-60% across the
    ArkLaTex into the Lower Mississippi area of southern AR. This is
    the most likely location for an upgrade in the risk, especially as
    the recent NBM continues to pin this area as the focal point for
    overlapping convection in the D3-5 window. MRGL risks remain the
    forecast for both the D4 and D5 periods for the time being.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_Skq3CGVhmflsrktE_5x1p29Ofq3X1Xmhp_18V0ri9aD= RD_9FepQZLNBwJP9n36Zbz185obUBm4QsnOkmn_2EmiQYqk$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_Skq3CGVhmflsrktE_5x1p29Ofq3X1Xmhp_18V0ri9aD= RD_9FepQZLNBwJP9n36Zbz185obUBm4QsnOkmn_2igX6MsE$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_Skq3CGVhmflsrktE_5x1p29Ofq3X1Xmhp_18V0ri9aD= RD_9FepQZLNBwJP9n36Zbz185obUBm4QsnOkmn_2rIyXb-4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 21, 2026 19:47:30
    FOUS30 KWBC 211947
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    347 PM EDT Sun Jun 21 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 1925Z Sun Jun 21 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    20 UTC Update:
    Pulse convection across portions of New England will continue to
    produce isolated intense rain rates over 1"/hr at times over the
    next several hours. Isolated flash flooding will be possible given
    the above normal PWs in place and possible repeating rounds of
    short but intense rainfall. See WPC MPD 490 for more details.

    Elsewhere, the organized convection across the TX Gulf Coast has
    largely dissipated and the Slight Risk there has been removed.

    Taylor

    16 UTC Update:

    Current line of storms has pushed quickly through eastern Kansas
    and western Missouri with well defined MCV noted. The northern
    flank of this activity is expected to continue eastward into
    Illinois and eventually Indiana. With diurnal heating this
    afternoon, the coverage and intensity of storms will likely uptick.
    While the progressive nature of this line may limit the overall
    duration of any particular thunderstorm and intense rainfall, some
    repeating rounds will be possible. Additionally, the wet antecedent
    conditions will allow for greater runoff. All said, rainfall
    amounts of 1-3" with isolated higher amounts will be possible from
    eastern MO through south-central Illinois and Indiana. The key
    message is that intense rain rates (locally over 2"/hr) over very
    wet antecedent conditions may result in excessive runoff and
    flooding, some of which could be locally significant.

    Further south, the southern flank of precipitation is advancing
    into northeastern OK and northwestern AR, and this activity is
    likely to dissipate over the next few hours. However, it will set
    up an outflow boundary and with this evening's low level jet and
    another shortwave, will be the trigger for an quasi west to east
    oriented line of thunderstorms. Initially, storm motions will be
    slow with possible repeating/training storms. Localized 2-4" totals
    with some potential for isolated higher amounts.

    The main changes to the ERO was to trim the western edges of the
    risk areas as the main threat of significant heavy rainfall has
    lowered. The Moderate Risks were confined to eastern MO through
    Indiana with the main northern shield of heavy rain with a separate
    secondary area for later activity across southeast KS, southwest
    MO, northeast OK, and northwest AR.

    Elsewhere, minimal changes were made with some tweaks across the
    Gulf Coast with the Slight Risk along the Texas Gulf Coast.

    Taylor

    previous discussion...

    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...
    By the start of the day 1 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest, driving the flash flood threat
    today from Kansas to Indiana. The regional radar representation
    early this morning over the central Plains is complex, with several
    clusters of thunderstorms and a trailing stationary axis of heavy
    rainfall across northwest Kansas. The expectation for the start of
    this day 1 outlook (12Z Sat) is for these thunderstorms to organize
    into a larger MCS spanning from northern MO to south-central KS.
    However, compared to normal forecasts within 12 hours, there
    remains some uncertainty with respect to the location of the
    heaviest rainfall. However, scattered instances of flash flooding
    are still expected within the MDT risk and locally significant
    flash flooding impacts cannot be ruled out.

    00Z CAMs and radar were utilized to define the western edge of the
    SLGT and MDT risk areas and to highlight training potential over
    south- central and southeast KS at the start of the forecast
    period. Another axis of heavy rainfall is possible this morning and
    through the day into the Midwest near the lifting warm front and
    surface low/MCV. PWs and IVT above the 90th climatological
    percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with soils likely still
    recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest will lead to a
    swath of at least scattered flash flooding. Antecedent ground
    conditions are likely to exacerbate flash flooding where 2"/hr
    rainfall rates occur, especially across parts of central IL and
    central IN, where NASA SPoRT-LIS 40 cm soil moisture is above the
    80th percentile and rivers remain swollen from previous rainfall
    over the last week. 00z HREF and REFS neighborhood probabilities
    for at least 3" per 6-hrs are between 30-50% across northern MO to
    central IL and southern IN, which would exceed local FFG. While the
    overall system will remain fairly progressive, flow oriented
    parallel to the trailing front/outflow boundary could prompt
    thunderstorm redevelopment late this afternoon and evening
    extending from central MO to southern IN and northern KY. This
    potential for repeating storms allowed for the MDT to shift a bit
    south with this update and adds additional potential for locally
    severe flash flooding.

    ...Southeast Kansas to Southwest Missouri...
    The southwestern flank of the ongoing MCS this morning is expected
    to extend from south-central KS to southwest MO as 850 mb flow is
    expected to become quite convergent. This may also become a focus
    for reforming activity later tonight associated with additional
    shortwave activity moving eastward across the Plains. However,
    there is some uncertainty surrounding if this boundary can sink
    further south during the day and keep storms somewhat progressive
    or situated over OK and AR instead. Regardless, this all combines
    for guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". Parts of southwest MO have saturated
    antecedent ground conditions due to a recent wet weather pattern,
    with NASA SPoRT-LIS depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in
    the 0-40cm soil moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF
    probabilities are agreeable with 20-60% values for exceeding 3" per
    6-hrs between the two potential rounds, though may be underdone
    across south-central and southeast KS for this morning's activity
    based on radar and HRRR/RRFS trends.

    ...Upper/Middle Texas Gulf Coast to Southwest Louisiana...
    A very moist atmosphere remains in place along with an upper low
    over South Texas to help foster additional heavy rainfall chances,
    primarily this morning, across the middle TX coast to southwest
    LA. A remnant outflow boundary located in the northwest Gulf this
    morning is expected to lift northward as return flow increases and
    spark convection early this morning. PWs over 2.4" will allow for
    any thunderstorms to contain 2-3"/hr rates and may linger in a
    localized manner over similar locations and cause isolated to
    scattered flash flooding. This area remains overly saturated from
    prior torrential rains the last few days, which increases the
    concern somewhat for additional flash flooding impacts today and
    thus the addition of a SLGT risk in the excessive rainfall outlook.

    ...South Dakota...
    Previously outlooked SLGT risk was removed with this update as the
    slow-moving upper low produces scattered meandering thunderstorms,
    but coverage is not expected to be enough for more than isolated
    flash flooding in an area with fairly dry antecedent ground
    conditions. Still, isolated flash flooding is possible and supports
    the MRGL risk designation.

    ...Southern Mississippi, Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle...
    Additional scattered thunderstorms are likely for the central Gulf
    Coast states and Florida Panhandle, an area that has experienced
    rounds of extreme rainfall over the last several days. A MRGL risk
    remains in effect today, which highlights the potential for
    isolated flash flooding. Thunderstorms are expected to remain
    widely scattered as a front lifts well north towards the southern
    Appalachians today. Thus, limited focus for storms to remain over
    one area for enough duration to produce more than 3-4" of rain and
    expectation that a MRGL will suffice even though FFG remains
    drastically lower than normal for this part of the country. As
    always, urban areas will be most susceptible to flash flooding
    impacts should storms set up directly overhead and linger given the
    moist southwesterly flow in place.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE NORTHEAST...

    20 UTC Update:

    The inherited forecast and risk areas remain in good shape
    following today's forecast cycle. Only minimal adjustments were
    made to the Slight Risk area, with several focus areas of concern.
    The first is the Mid-Atlantic to Northeast, generally along and
    around the I-95 corridor. Between DC and NYC, the 12Z HREF
    probabilities for at least 3" reach a peak of 50 to 70 percent,
    with that coming in generally 6-hrs or less. So while storms may be
    somewhat progressive, the possible repeating rounds and intense
    rain rates (2-3"/hr) could lead to urban flash flood issues.

    Further along the frontal boundary, pockets of locally heavy
    rainfall are expected across the central Appalachians into the
    Tennessee Valley and finally at the tail end of the frontal
    boundary where it is expected to become more west to east oriented
    across Oklahoma into Arkansas. This is where the storms are more
    likely to train/repeat. The 12Z HREF continues to show moderate to
    high probabilities (above 50 percent) for 24-hr totals exceeding
    3", with some potential for isolated 5" totals.

    A Marginal Risk was added to the northern Plains as another storm
    system advances into the area. Warm moist air ahead of it
    interacting with a frontal boundary in place will likely bring
    scattered to numerous thunderstorms to portions of North Dakota,
    with an isolated flash flood threat.

    Taylor

    previous discussion...

    ...Northeast and Mid-Atlantic...

    The day 2 forecast period will feature a progressive trough axis
    pushing from the Great Lakes to the Northeast with a trailing
    frontal boundary reach southwest to the Southern Plains and above
    average PWs along the axis to help create excessive rainfall
    concerns. Areas of the Northeast and I-95 corridor as south as
    Washington D.C. are subject to thunderstorm prospects with the
    best chance for flash flooding likely to occur in the urban
    footprint from D.C. to NYC with an expansion inland to central PA.
    Current probs off the latest ensembles and National Blend indicate
    a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the aforementioned
    area above with deterministic outputs closer to 2-3.5" into parts
    of Southern New England. The 00z HREF (only covers through 00Z
    6/23) and 00Z REFS indicate 30-60% neighborhood probabilities for
    at least 2" per 6-hrs from D.C. to NYC and would be enough for
    some urban flash flooding concerns. There has been additional
    uncertainty farther north and east with how far to extend the SLGT
    risk, but given typical mesoscale uncertainties and limited
    instability, in coordination with local forecast offices the SLGT
    risk was confined a bit. Look for additional refinements once the
    full suite of CAMs is available, especially with increasing PWs
    near the 90th climatological percentile and a nearby warm front in
    the area for potential focused axis for thunderstorms.

    ...Southern Plains to Central Appalachians...

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude
    another round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front
    draped from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS.
    Probs for >1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the
    Lower Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated
    theta_E's and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a
    formidable environment capable of continued heavy rain potential
    that will likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D2 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Southern Plains, Lower Mississippi Valley and
    neighboring Tennessee Valley. The risk extends through the Smokey
    Mountains up into parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY
    up into WV as the convergence regime follows the frontal
    positioning over these areas. Greatest chances for multiple rounds
    of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+ hourly rainfall rates
    currently appears to be over southeast OK into central AR and will
    be monitored closely once CAMs are within range of the forecast
    time period. Latest "longer range" REFS and HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" are scattered throughout the region.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE SOUTHEAST...

    20 UTC Update:

    No significant changes were made to the inherited risk areas with
    today's forecast cycle. A frontal boundary draped across portions
    of the Plains into the Southeast will be the main focus for
    convection that could produce locally heavy rainfall. A secondary
    area of concern would be the CO Front Range as another frontal
    boundary drops southward.

    Taylor

    ---previous discussion---

    ...Central Plains to Southeast...

    Day 3 is a transition period into a more typical summertime regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    cause a persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS
    development and flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and
    points southeast as the steering flow orients between the base of
    the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is
    historically projecting a case of thunderstorm maturation and
    upscale growth over the area between CO/KS down through OK/TX with
    potentially the Red River Basin as a focus for thunderstorm
    activity. Eventually, this ends up migrating into the ArkLaTex
    and/or Lower Mississippi area which is showing up in the QPF
    footprint on ensembles. There has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run-to-run continuity.
    Should CAMs come into better focus for aforementioned MCS activity
    over the region, a SLGT risk could be introduced in future updates.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026
    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY...

    2030Z Discussion...
    There has been a modest up-tick in deterministic/ensemble QPF
    across portions of the nationa's mid-section on Day 4 where
    persistent southerly flow ahead of developing low pressure in the
    southern High Plaisns. Even so...the spread in placement did
    little to boost confidence enough for inclusion of a Slight Risk
    area and the flow around the low pressure would have a trajectory
    off the terrain rather than the Gulf. No changes needed on Day 5.

    Bann

    Previous Discussion...
    Both the D4 and D5 time frames remain in a more typical summertime
    regime for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S.
    and a dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    allow for persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. Global deterministic and their
    ensembles continue to depict a setup conducive for scattered to
    widespread convective activity with general organization likely to
    occur over the course of each evening as thunderstorms grow
    upstream and migrate southeast within the prevailing
    northwesterlies between 700-300mb. Moisture and instability will
    remain elevated across much of the aforementioned areas with the
    latest NAEFS output signaling a northwest to southeast alignment of
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 standard deviations from the WY
    Front Range down to the ArkLaTex. This is historically projecting
    a case of thunderstorm maturation and upscale growth over the area
    outlined within the anomaly field with a correlation of a defined
    theta_E ridge focused within that same zone. This would allow for
    convective initiation upstream over the Front Range with organized
    convective evolutions to drawn southeastward along the theta_E
    gradient and oriented with the mean flow aloft. This would likely
    entail convection motioning into KS/OK and pivoting eastward
    towards the ArkLaTex as progs indicate the positioning of a quasi-
    stationary front situated across the Lower Mississippi Valley which
    would turn to a focal point for convection. ML outputs are a bit
    further south with the potential as the EC-AIFS Ensemble even
    promotes the threat for heavy convection towards the Red River
    Basin, so there is some opportunity for southern adjustments in the
    mean QPF as we move closer, so long as that signal remains stable
    in the means. Overall, there has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run- to-run continuity.

    The entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition
    in the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out
    of the Central Rockies and migrate east- southeast through the
    mean flow between the trough and ridge setup. There is now some
    indication the ridging breaks down as a the heights across the west
    get squashed in favor of a much stronger upper trough migrating out
    of the northeastern Pacific into the Pacific Northwest and Northern
    Rockies. The signal is showing up within the 500mb Height Anomalies
    on both the ECENS and GEFS, a solid consensus in the pattern
    breaking down somewhat as we move into the end of the week. This
    will likely signal an end to the persistent northwesterlies after
    the D5 window, however strong shortwave ejections will still be
    plausible, as noted via the D5 window where there's growing favor
    for heavy precip to occur across much of the Central Plains during
    the period Thursday and Thursday night. Greatest probabilities
    within the >1" PQPF are situated over southwestern NE down through
    KS into OK with a general 25-50% already showing up across the
    region. For a convective pattern at 5-day leads, this is a
    relatively formidable signal in the threat for heavy rainfall, so
    both the D4 and D5 time frames are likely going to see some short
    term forecast upgrades as we gain further consensus in the
    deterministic, especially as we step into the range of the CAMs.
    PQPF for >2" over 72hrs (D3-5) is between 30-60% across the
    ArkLaTex into the Lower Mississippi area of southern AR. This is
    the most likely location for an upgrade in the risk, especially as
    the recent NBM continues to pin this area as the focal point for
    overlapping convection in the D3-5 window. MRGL risks remain the
    forecast for both the D4 and D5 periods for the time being.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6-CJ5AG7j5j71ORSdMEU7UG5apa8CxjfReuBC4Kjwgfp= 1hJFPyHh_LQU4igYO1K5jsHegwUEUeDQT71CRoVN187RB2U$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6-CJ5AG7j5j71ORSdMEU7UG5apa8CxjfReuBC4Kjwgfp= 1hJFPyHh_LQU4igYO1K5jsHegwUEUeDQT71CRoVNr690YwU$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6-CJ5AG7j5j71ORSdMEU7UG5apa8CxjfReuBC4Kjwgfp= 1hJFPyHh_LQU4igYO1K5jsHegwUEUeDQT71CRoVNtsy_LQM$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 22, 2026 00:52:56
    FOUS30 KWBC 220052
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    852 PM EDT Sun Jun 21 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS, MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND OHIO
    VALLEY...

    01Z Update:
    Changes made to the on-going outlook were largely done to remove
    territories where the front has already moved through. Guidance
    from the day-shift continued to support the Moderate risk areas
    from southern Indiana southwestward into the Central/Southern
    Plains overnight...so no changes there or to the Marginal Risk area
    in parts of Florida/Alabama/Georgia. Convection had weakened
    quickly in Maine and the Marginal was removed.

    Bann

    16 UTC Update:
    Current line of storms has pushed quickly through eastern Kansas
    and western Missouri with well defined MCV noted. The northern
    flank of this activity is expected to continue eastward into
    Illinois and eventually Indiana. With diurnal heating this
    afternoon, the coverage and intensity of storms will likely uptick.
    While the progressive nature of this line may limit the overall
    duration of any particular thunderstorm and intense rainfall, some
    repeating rounds will be possible. Additionally, the wet antecedent
    conditions will allow for greater runoff. All said, rainfall
    amounts of 1-3" with isolated higher amounts will be possible from
    eastern MO through south-central Illinois and Indiana. The key
    message is that intense rain rates (locally over 2"/hr) over very
    wet antecedent conditions may result in excessive runoff and
    flooding, some of which could be locally significant.
    Further south, the southern flank of precipitation is advancing
    into northeastern OK and northwestern AR, and this activity is
    likely to dissipate over the next few hours. However, it will set
    up an outflow boundary and with this evening's low level jet and
    another shortwave, will be the trigger for an quasi west to east
    oriented line of thunderstorms. Initially, storm motions will be
    slow with possible repeating/training storms. Localized 2-4" totals
    with some potential for isolated higher amounts.
    The main changes to the ERO was to trim the western edges of the
    risk areas as the main threat of significant heavy rainfall has
    lowered. The Moderate Risks were confined to eastern MO through
    Indiana with the main northern shield of heavy rain with a separate
    secondary area for later activity across southeast KS, southwest
    MO, northeast OK, and northwest AR.

    Elsewhere, minimal changes were made with some tweaks across the
    Gulf Coast with the Slight Risk along the Texas Gulf Coast.

    Taylor

    previous discussion...
    ...Northern Missouri through central Illinois and Indiana...
    By the start of the day 1 forecast period a potent shortwave and
    related surface low/MCV are expected to eject eastward out of the
    central Plains into the Midwest, driving the flash flood threat
    today from Kansas to Indiana. The regional radar representation
    early this morning over the central Plains is complex, with several
    clusters of thunderstorms and a trailing stationary axis of heavy
    rainfall across northwest Kansas. The expectation for the start of
    this day 1 outlook (12Z Sat) is for these thunderstorms to organize
    into a larger MCS spanning from northern MO to south-central KS.
    However, compared to normal forecasts within 12 hours, there
    remains some uncertainty with respect to the location of the
    heaviest rainfall. However, scattered instances of flash flooding
    are still expected within the MDT risk and locally significant
    flash flooding impacts cannot be ruled out.

    00Z CAMs and radar were utilized to define the western edge of the
    SLGT and MDT risk areas and to highlight training potential over
    south- central and southeast KS at the start of the forecast
    period. Another axis of heavy rainfall is possible this morning and
    through the day into the Midwest near the lifting warm front and
    surface low/MCV. PWs and IVT above the 90th climatological
    percentile (per the 00z GEFS) overlapping with soils likely still
    recovering from recent heavy rain in the Midwest will lead to a
    swath of at least scattered flash flooding. Antecedent ground
    conditions are likely to exacerbate flash flooding where 2"/hr
    rainfall rates occur, especially across parts of central IL and
    central IN, where NASA SPoRT-LIS 40 cm soil moisture is above the
    80th percentile and rivers remain swollen from previous rainfall
    over the last week. 00z HREF and REFS neighborhood probabilities
    for at least 3" per 6-hrs are between 30-50% across northern MO to
    central IL and southern IN, which would exceed local FFG. While the
    overall system will remain fairly progressive, flow oriented
    parallel to the trailing front/outflow boundary could prompt
    thunderstorm redevelopment late this afternoon and evening
    extending from central MO to southern IN and northern KY. This
    potential for repeating storms allowed for the MDT to shift a bit
    south with this update and adds additional potential for locally
    severe flash flooding.

    ...Southeast Kansas to Southwest Missouri...
    The southwestern flank of the ongoing MCS this morning is expected
    to extend from south-central KS to southwest MO as 850 mb flow is
    expected to become quite convergent. This may also become a focus
    for reforming activity later tonight associated with additional
    shortwave activity moving eastward across the Plains. However,
    there is some uncertainty surrounding if this boundary can sink
    further south during the day and keep storms somewhat progressive
    or situated over OK and AR instead. Regardless, this all combines
    for guidance to currently depict current QPF amounts of 3-4" and an
    average localized max of 6". Parts of southwest MO have saturated
    antecedent ground conditions due to a recent wet weather pattern,
    with NASA SPoRT-LIS depicting pockets above the 80th percentile in
    the 0-40cm soil moisture layer. Lastly, 00Z REFS and HREF
    probabilities are agreeable with 20-60% values for exceeding 3" per
    6-hrs between the two potential rounds, though may be underdone
    across south-central and southeast KS for this morning's activity
    based on radar and HRRR/RRFS trends.

    ...Upper/Middle Texas Gulf Coast to Southwest Louisiana...
    A very moist atmosphere remains in place along with an upper low
    over South Texas to help foster additional heavy rainfall chances,
    primarily this morning, across the middle TX coast to southwest
    LA. A remnant outflow boundary located in the northwest Gulf this
    morning is expected to lift northward as return flow increases and
    spark convection early this morning. PWs over 2.4" will allow for
    any thunderstorms to contain 2-3"/hr rates and may linger in a
    localized manner over similar locations and cause isolated to
    scattered flash flooding. This area remains overly saturated from
    prior torrential rains the last few days, which increases the
    concern somewhat for additional flash flooding impacts today and
    thus the addition of a SLGT risk in the excessive rainfall outlook.

    ...South Dakota...
    Previously outlooked SLGT risk was removed with this update as the
    slow-moving upper low produces scattered meandering thunderstorms,
    but coverage is not expected to be enough for more than isolated
    flash flooding in an area with fairly dry antecedent ground
    conditions. Still, isolated flash flooding is possible and supports
    the MRGL risk designation.

    ...Southern Mississippi, Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle...
    Additional scattered thunderstorms are likely for the central Gulf
    Coast states and Florida Panhandle, an area that has experienced
    rounds of extreme rainfall over the last several days. A MRGL risk
    remains in effect today, which highlights the potential for
    isolated flash flooding. Thunderstorms are expected to remain
    widely scattered as a front lifts well north towards the southern
    Appalachians today. Thus, limited focus for storms to remain over
    one area for enough duration to produce more than 3-4" of rain and
    expectation that a MRGL will suffice even though FFG remains
    drastically lower than normal for this part of the country. As
    always, urban areas will be most susceptible to flash flooding
    impacts should storms set up directly overhead and linger given the
    moist southwesterly flow in place.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE NORTHEAST...

    20 UTC Update:

    The inherited forecast and risk areas remain in good shape
    following today's forecast cycle. Only minimal adjustments were
    made to the Slight Risk area, with several focus areas of concern.
    The first is the Mid-Atlantic to Northeast, generally along and
    around the I-95 corridor. Between DC and NYC, the 12Z HREF
    probabilities for at least 3" reach a peak of 50 to 70 percent,
    with that coming in generally 6-hrs or less. So while storms may be
    somewhat progressive, the possible repeating rounds and intense
    rain rates (2-3"/hr) could lead to urban flash flood issues.

    Further along the frontal boundary, pockets of locally heavy
    rainfall are expected across the central Appalachians into the
    Tennessee Valley and finally at the tail end of the frontal
    boundary where it is expected to become more west to east oriented
    across Oklahoma into Arkansas. This is where the storms are more
    likely to train/repeat. The 12Z HREF continues to show moderate to
    high probabilities (above 50 percent) for 24-hr totals exceeding
    3", with some potential for isolated 5" totals.

    A Marginal Risk was added to the northern Plains as another storm
    system advances into the area. Warm moist air ahead of it
    interacting with a frontal boundary in place will likely bring
    scattered to numerous thunderstorms to portions of North Dakota,
    with an isolated flash flood threat.

    Taylor

    previous discussion...

    ...Northeast and Mid-Atlantic...

    The day 2 forecast period will feature a progressive trough axis
    pushing from the Great Lakes to the Northeast with a trailing
    frontal boundary reach southwest to the Southern Plains and above
    average PWs along the axis to help create excessive rainfall
    concerns. Areas of the Northeast and I-95 corridor as south as
    Washington D.C. are subject to thunderstorm prospects with the
    best chance for flash flooding likely to occur in the urban
    footprint from D.C. to NYC with an expansion inland to central PA.
    Current probs off the latest ensembles and National Blend indicate
    a large zone of 30-50% probs for >2" across the aforementioned
    area above with deterministic outputs closer to 2-3.5" into parts
    of Southern New England. The 00z HREF (only covers through 00Z
    6/23) and 00Z REFS indicate 30-60% neighborhood probabilities for
    at least 2" per 6-hrs from D.C. to NYC and would be enough for
    some urban flash flooding concerns. There has been additional
    uncertainty farther north and east with how far to extend the SLGT
    risk, but given typical mesoscale uncertainties and limited
    instability, in coordination with local forecast offices the SLGT
    risk was confined a bit. Look for additional refinements once the
    full suite of CAMs is available, especially with increasing PWs
    near the 90th climatological percentile and a nearby warm front in
    the area for potential focused axis for thunderstorms.

    ...Southern Plains to Central Appalachians...

    Across the Southern U.S., heavy precipitation will preclude
    another round of convection forming along a quasi-stationary front
    draped from the Southern High Plains to the Southeastern CONUS.
    Probs for >1" are highest in-of the areas of Eastern OK into the
    Lower Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee Valleys. Elevated
    theta_E's and PWAT anomalies +2 dev. or greater indicate a
    formidable environment capable of continued heavy rain potential
    that will likely produce rainfall of 2-4", at least in some of the
    thunderstorm activity that develops. The focal point along the
    front will likely be where the heaviest rain will occur, or at
    least be a low-level convergence mechanism that can enhance
    regional convection. There's high enough confidence in the location
    of convection for the D2 period to overlap with areas that will
    have seen several inches the periods prior which led to a level 2/4
    SLGT risk positioned over portions of the Southern Plains through
    parts of the Southern Plains, Lower Mississippi Valley and
    neighboring Tennessee Valley. The risk extends through the Smokey
    Mountains up into parts of the Central Appalachians in eastern KY
    up into WV as the convergence regime follows the frontal
    positioning over these areas. Greatest chances for multiple rounds
    of slow-moving thunderstorms capable of 2"+ hourly rainfall rates
    currently appears to be over southeast OK into central AR and will
    be monitored closely once CAMs are within range of the forecast
    time period. Latest "longer range" REFS and HREF probabilities for
    at least 3" are scattered throughout the region.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM
    PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE SOUTHEAST...

    20 UTC Update:

    No significant changes were made to the inherited risk areas with
    today's forecast cycle. A frontal boundary draped across portions
    of the Plains into the Southeast will be the main focus for
    convection that could produce locally heavy rainfall. A secondary
    area of concern would be the CO Front Range as another frontal
    boundary drops southward.

    Taylor

    ---previous discussion---

    ...Central Plains to Southeast...

    Day 3 is a transition period into a more typical summertime regime
    for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S. and a
    dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    cause a persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. This highlights potential for MCS
    development and flash flooding scenarios from the Front Range and
    points southeast as the steering flow orients between the base of
    the trough and the northeastern flank of the ridge. This is
    historically projecting a case of thunderstorm maturation and
    upscale growth over the area between CO/KS down through OK/TX with
    potentially the Red River Basin as a focus for thunderstorm
    activity. Eventually, this ends up migrating into the ArkLaTex
    and/or Lower Mississippi area which is showing up in the QPF
    footprint on ensembles. There has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run-to-run continuity.
    Should CAMs come into better focus for aforementioned MCS activity
    over the region, a SLGT risk could be introduced in future updates.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026
    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, AND
    SOUTHEASTERN U.S ON BOTH WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY...

    2030Z Discussion...
    There has been a modest up-tick in deterministic/ensemble QPF
    across portions of the nationa's mid-section on Day 4 where
    persistent southerly flow ahead of developing low pressure in the
    southern High Plaisns. Even so...the spread in placement did
    little to boost confidence enough for inclusion of a Slight Risk
    area and the flow around the low pressure would have a trajectory
    off the terrain rather than the Gulf. No changes needed on Day 5.
    Bann

    Previous Discussion...
    Both the D4 and D5 time frames remain in a more typical summertime
    regime for the CONUS with a longwave trough over the Northern U.S.
    and a dome of mid and upper ridging orienting itself across the
    southwestern CONUS. Positioning of the trough/ridge pattern will
    allow for persistent northwesterly flow within the mid and upper
    levels across the Central and Southern High Plains over into the
    Lower Mississippi Valley as progressive shortwave pulses eject out
    of the Rockies and ride the prevailing northwesterlies in place
    between the ridge and trough. Global deterministic and their
    ensembles continue to depict a setup conducive for scattered to
    widespread convective activity with general organization likely to
    occur over the course of each evening as thunderstorms grow
    upstream and migrate southeast within the prevailing
    northwesterlies between 700-300mb. Moisture and instability will
    remain elevated across much of the aforementioned areas with the
    latest NAEFS output signaling a northwest to southeast alignment of
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 standard deviations from the WY
    Front Range down to the ArkLaTex. This is historically projecting
    a case of thunderstorm maturation and upscale growth over the area
    outlined within the anomaly field with a correlation of a defined
    theta_E ridge focused within that same zone. This would allow for
    convective initiation upstream over the Front Range with organized
    convective evolutions to drawn southeastward along the theta_E
    gradient and oriented with the mean flow aloft. This would likely
    entail convection motioning into KS/OK and pivoting eastward
    towards the ArkLaTex as progs indicate the positioning of a quasi-
    stationary front situated across the Lower Mississippi Valley which
    would turn to a focal point for convection. ML outputs are a bit
    further south with the potential as the EC-AIFS Ensemble even
    promotes the threat for heavy convection towards the Red River
    Basin, so there is some opportunity for southern adjustments in the
    mean QPF as we move closer, so long as that signal remains stable
    in the means. Overall, there has been little variance in the
    recent global ensemble suite with the deterministic output also
    showing very similar outcomes, at varying magnitudes with the
    synoptic evolution generally stable with run- to-run continuity.

    The entire setup continues through Day 5, as well, with repetition
    in the mid and upper pattern as multiple vorticity maxima slide out
    of the Central Rockies and migrate east- southeast through the
    mean flow between the trough and ridge setup. There is now some
    indication the ridging breaks down as a the heights across the west
    get squashed in favor of a much stronger upper trough migrating out
    of the northeastern Pacific into the Pacific Northwest and Northern
    Rockies. The signal is showing up within the 500mb Height Anomalies
    on both the ECENS and GEFS, a solid consensus in the pattern
    breaking down somewhat as we move into the end of the week. This
    will likely signal an end to the persistent northwesterlies after
    the D5 window, however strong shortwave ejections will still be
    plausible, as noted via the D5 window where there's growing favor
    for heavy precip to occur across much of the Central Plains during
    the period Thursday and Thursday night. Greatest probabilities
    within the >1" PQPF are situated over southwestern NE down through
    KS into OK with a general 25-50% already showing up across the
    region. For a convective pattern at 5-day leads, this is a
    relatively formidable signal in the threat for heavy rainfall, so
    both the D4 and D5 time frames are likely going to see some short
    term forecast upgrades as we gain further consensus in the
    deterministic, especially as we step into the range of the CAMs.
    PQPF for >2" over 72hrs (D3-5) is between 30-60% across the
    ArkLaTex into the Lower Mississippi area of southern AR. This is
    the most likely location for an upgrade in the risk, especially as
    the recent NBM continues to pin this area as the focal point for
    overlapping convection in the D3-5 window. MRGL risks remain the
    forecast for both the D4 and D5 periods for the time being.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6WavPu8KbQW4S5Z_YFi8GcBlV5nSqJuL0HfuKKnl6LZH= iRfWVt_LHAoJfQ2rvF0lMnDMtz5MaNZ01N5Wef0ugorextA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6WavPu8KbQW4S5Z_YFi8GcBlV5nSqJuL0HfuKKnl6LZH= iRfWVt_LHAoJfQ2rvF0lMnDMtz5MaNZ01N5Wef0unuB8fHc$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6WavPu8KbQW4S5Z_YFi8GcBlV5nSqJuL0HfuKKnl6LZH= iRfWVt_LHAoJfQ2rvF0lMnDMtz5MaNZ01N5Wef0u19vpjQs$=20



    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 22, 2026 07:42:52
    FOUS30 KWBC 220742
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    342 AM EDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK IN EFFECT FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE NORTHEAST...

    ...Southern Plains to Tennessee Valley...

    Current WV satellite and UA analysis depicts a potent mid-level
    shortwave sliding southeast through the Central and Southern High
    Plains with eyes likely downstream into the Lower Mississippi
    Valley and southwestern Tennessee Valley as we move through the
    morning and afternoon Monday. Favorable boundary layer instability
    presence across much of the Southern Plains into the Southeastern
    CONUS will benefit periods of heavy rainfall during the period with
    a likely impact beginning early in the forecast period with a
    secondary batch likely to ensue the following evening. At the
    surface, surface wave will be located across OK in conjunction
    with an organized area of thunderstorms migrating southeast through
    the region overnight. A bit further east into the Ozarks and
    eastern OK, a slow-moving cold front will shift through the region
    overnight with increasing convergence likely to occur between the complex/surface wave and the front as it heads into central OK.
    Instability maximum over eastern OK into AR on the order of
    2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE will aid in the necessary component to
    initiate more thunderstorm activity as the convergence regime
    materializes with likely a long stretch of heavy convection
    orienting from south-central OK back into southwest TN by sunrise.
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 deviations off the latest NAEFS
    indicate a deep moist convective environment situated over the area
    ahead of the front with the combination of both favorable
    instability and 2+ inch PWATs set to provide effective warm rain
    processes capable of producing efficient heavy rainfall that can
    spur flash flood capabilities.

    Recent 00z HREF outputs are pretty aggressive with scattered areas
    of 2-3" of precipitation anticipated in the means across the
    ArkLaTex through central and southern AR into southwest TN and
    western MS. A good portion of this rainfall is likely to occur in
    the first half of the period as the expected QLCS development will
    encroach the area and provide significant rainfall over the above
    locations. The disturbance over OK is forecast to utilize the
    positioning of the front as a focal point for the wave as model
    guidance agrees on the surface wave riding eastward along the front
    as it begins to enter eastern OK, eventually making headway into
    the Lower Tennessee Valley and MS Delta. Indications are for a
    small corridor between northeast AR through southwest TN into the
    Mississippi Delta to see a training episode materialize in the
    morning with neighborhood probs for >3" highlighting that zone with
    50-70% probabilities. Some of the deterministic is very bullish
    within this general area noting totals of 4-6" in an isolated
    coverage with 2-4" more representative of an areal average. This
    expands back into central and southern AR as the complex of
    organized thunderstorms will likely slide south through Little Rock
    and surrounding areas creating a busy morning for flash flood
    prospects. This will likely expand into OK as the front location
    will be the main factor on where heavy precipitation would occur.
    In this case, the entire area is within a broad SLGT risk with a
    higher-end SLGT forecast across the above area between eastern OK
    into southwest TN and northern MS.

    As the complex of thunderstorms begins to peter off in the
    afternoon, another round of convection will spawn in-of the
    ArkLaTex into the eastern Red River area between OK/TX the
    following evening as a nocturnal LLJ develops after 23z with
    increasing convergence along the back edge of the front located in
    the area. There's still some discrepancy on the exact placement of
    the front, however there's enough consensus on the second round of
    convection to warrant attention to the prospects of flash flood
    potential into that area of the ArkLaTex to perhaps as far west as
    the I-35 corridor in southern OK towards the DFW metro. As of now,
    thunderstorm development is likely with training potential
    increasingly favored in the area as storm development will likely
    anchor to the front as mid-level flow aligns parallel to the
    boundary with surface convergence maximized along the front. A
    slow-moving axis of thunderstorms is a more textbook way for
    greater flash flood potential, especially in speaking in spatial
    terms as there will likely be a large area encompassed within this
    second round of convective development over that referenced
    corridor. If this were to make headway into I-20, this would likely
    result in numerous flash floods given the environment in place
    with rates between 2-3"/hr at peak intensity likely to occur. As of
    now, placed the region within the broad high-end SLGT forecast,
    but will have to monitor the CAMs closely over the course of the D1
    to see if a targeted upgrade may be necessary for this band of
    heavy rainfall potential.

    ...Central Appalachians to Northeast U.S...

    Surface low currently analyzed over the western Ohio Valley will
    gradually lift to the east-northeast with an expectation for the
    low center to exit off the northern Mid Atlantic coast, dragging a
    cold front through the Mid Atlantic and Ohio Valley and lifting a
    warm front ahead of the disturbance. The current indications are
    for convection to spawn over the eastern Ohio Valley by the early-
    afternoon as mid-level ascent and increased surface forcing aided
    by the cold front and area of low pressure will trigger convective
    initiation just upstream of the terrain in WV and western PA. This
    area of thunderstorms will migrate eastward, entering a favorable
    environment within a modest warm sector as you move east of the
    Appalachian front. Shear profiles across the Mid Atlantic are
    anticipated to be greatest north of the Mason Dixon, however shear
    magnitudes are still capable for enabling stronger mid-level
    mesocyclones to materialize and hold as far south as I-66 leading
    to prospects for heavier thunderstorms to hold across the urban
    corridor extending from northern VA up through NYC and western LI.
    HREF probs for >1" are pretty high for both the neighborhood and
    EAS fields meaning there's a consensus for areas of heavy rainfall
    to impact much of the Mid Atlantic with the most pronounced
    signatures into the Central Appalachians and the urban centers,
    both are which are susceptible to flash flood concerns. Antecedent
    soil moisture is dry, so the initial burst of rainfall will be
    beneficial to those areas not tied completely by urban
    infrastructure, however, there's a sufficient signal in the QPF
    means to maintain the previous SLGT risk inherited for the region
    as 00z CAMs maintained their depictions on a multi-round cycle of
    convection moving into the area with pockets of 2-3+" forecast
    across portions of the aforementioned areas.

    ...New England...

    Shortwave ahead of an approaching disturbance from the southwest
    will enter the region by late-morning into the afternoon with
    scattered to widespread showers with isolated pockets of thunder
    for the initial wave of precipitation during the period. A second
    wave of precipitation with higher convective potential will enter
    the area by the second half of the afternoon and evening with
    heavier rain threat poised to impact portions of central and
    northern New England with southern New England likely to see more
    of a benefit from the approaching surface low and associated
    warm/cold front evolution. Areas of northern and central New
    England are forecast to see the most rainfall of the setup, however
    the instability gradient will likely be better situated south of
    the region as boundary layer theta_E's are likely just below the
    necessary magnitude to embrace a heavier convective footprint.
    Still, local pockets of >1"/hr are plausible over New England,
    north of I-90 with a greater potential for 1-2"/hr closer to the
    interstate and points southeast. Antecedent soils in southern New
    England are very dry currently with the watershed running well-
    below normal which should curb a more pronounced flash flood
    prospect with generally isolated flash flood signals in more
    urbanized settings. With that, the MRGL risk inherited remains
    forecast for much of New England.

    ...Front Range and Central High Plains...

    Defined theta_E ridge positioned over the Central to Southern High
    Plains will lead to an axis of relatively unstable boundary layer
    conditions conducive for convective generation in tandem with
    passing shortwaves ejecting out of the Rockies. HREF blended mean
    QPF depicts a smattering of elevated precipitation outputs with
    1-2" totals littered across the High Plains from eastern WY and
    western SD down through KS/CO and portions of southwest TX. Some of
    the areas noted for potential impact have been hit recently, so
    local FFG's are lower than normal for the time frame meaning a bit
    easier chance at exceeding the FFG markers in place and creating
    isolated flash flood concerns. Threat is lower end compared to what
    has transpired in the past few days, but it is the beginning of
    what will be an active northwesterly flow pattern that could spawn
    multiple MCS's across the High Plains. The previous MRGL risk
    inherited was maintained with an extension north into the Badlands
    of SD and neighboring eastern WY.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Potent shortwave dropping out of western Canada will aid in
    regional amplification of the flow out ahead of the trough with
    increased ascent located within the diffluent area downstream into
    eastern MT and northern ND. Sufficient mid-level forcing and
    instability over the region will allow for scattered convection to
    materialize during peak diurnal destabilization, generating pockets
    of heavy rainfall during the late-morning into the early evening
    before instability wanes. Modest probs (30-50%) for >2" of rain
    exist within the latest 00z HREF neighborhood fields across the
    area of northeastern MT into the northern tier of ND with low end
    probabilities for >3" as some CAMs spawn supercells in-of the
    Northern High Plains. Previous MRGL was carried over into this
    update, but did expand the risk into MT to account for the heavy
    QPF distribution in the CAMs bleeding over into the area with
    similar FFG markers situated in the area.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Central and Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley...

    The morning period on Tuesday will be one to monitor as lingering
    heavy convection across the ArkLaTex to the I-20 corridor could
    enhance flash flood prospects early on in the forecast, a lingering
    potential that would carry out of the D1 period. Multiple CAMs and
    even the ML are suggesting heavy rains would carry over from the
    overnight period into early Tuesday morning with prob fields just
    north of the DFW metro actually quite impressive for >3" of
    additional rainfall in the 12z Tue to 00z Wed window, running
    between 30-60%. This would easily lend to flash flooding
    capabilities in the urban corridor, even some of the larger towns
    surrounding due to the prominent urban sprawl in place. This is
    certainly a period to watch as the evolution from the previous
    period will dictate the threat in the D2. For now, a SLGT risk was
    added to encompass the area of greatest concern for the front half
    of the period.

    As we head into the afternoon and evening hours, the mid and upper
    pattern across the Western and Central U.S. will setup into a
    persistent northwesterly flow regime with multiple shortwave
    ejections out of the Rockies allowing for a maturation of
    thunderstorms over the High Plains during peak diurnal instability.
    =46rom there, organization of thunderstorms are likely to occur as
    they migrate downstream and mature with sufficient mid-level shear
    presence to maintain any thunderstorm complex generation. This is a
    relatively classic MCS pattern for this time of the year with heavy
    rain prospects likely to occur from the Front Range down through
    KS/OK, eventually migrating into the Lower Mississippi Valley by
    the end of the forecast period. Totals on D2 are consistent
    within the means with 1-2" rainfall coverage encompassing a large
    portion of the Central High Plains down through OK. This puts
    emphasis on heavy rainfall over the western half of KS into OK for
    the period with a chance for locally 3+ inches in some of the
    hardest hit locations. These areas will have already been subject
    to heavy rainfall in recent periods, so grounds could still be
    somewhat saturated and more susceptible to flash flooding upfront.
    Given the consistent signal and ensemble QPF forecast, a SLGT risk
    was added across the above area with the heaviest rainfall likely
    to occur over western KS into northern OK.

    ...Southeast Virginia...

    Shortwave ejecting out of the Tennessee Valley will make headway
    into the southern Mid Atlantic with several pieces of guidance
    indicating a small focused area of heavy rainfall across the
    Hampton Roads area of southeast Virginia. The approach of the
    shortwave trough is aiding in development of a surface low off the
    VA Capes leading to a narrow corridor of enhanced convergence
    across the Tidewater during the period Tuesday morning. CAMs are
    generally aggressive with local maxima between 2-3" across the
    Tidewater, an area more prone to flash flooding due to urbanization
    factors present. HREF neighborhood probabilities for >2" are up
    between 50-70% across the area, a threshold that would be
    sufficient for flash flood potential, especially when you combine
    the rate factors of 1-2"/hr most likely in the strongest cell
    cores given the suitable environment in place. Considering the
    probabilities and the expectation for locally heavy rainfall, a
    small MRGL risk was added over southeast VA to account for the
    threat.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    A repeat from the D2 pattern will ensue for the afternoon and
    evening time frame Wednesday with another round of upscale growth
    from convection that matures over the High Plains and slides
    southeast within the prevailing northwesterly flow aloft. This
    threat seems to have a bit more of an emphatic tone to it thanks to
    models depicting a stronger mid-level disturbance ejecting out of
    the Rockies this period which would provide greater magnitude for
    any organized convective regime that occurs. Models are also trying
    to focus some training convection across portions of the area
    between northeast OK into the Ozarks of MO/AR in conjunction to the
    previous complex moving through the area. Upwind vectors are
    favored for back-building potential in the region when assessing
    forecast soundings with some models incredibly aggressive with the
    QPF output in the time frame between 12z Wed and 00z Thu. There's
    still some discrepancy in the magnitude and exact placement of the training/back-building regime, however this is a pattern where a
    setup like this is favored, so it will bear watching. For the time
    being, a SLGT risk was added to D3 across the Central High Plains
    down through portions of the Southern Plains to the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The alignment of the risk matches the recent
    First Guess Fields for the period and correlates with the precip
    maximum positioned within the ECENS and EC-AIFS ensemble forecasts.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE OZARKS ON THURSDAY...

    Day 4...By Thursday the upper pattern is expected to remain mostly
    zonal across the central U.S. as troughing exists over the Great
    Lakes and a deeper trough approaches the Pacific Northwest.
    Meanwhile, subtle shortwaves rounding an upper high over northern
    Mexico and eventually tracking eastward across the Great Basin and
    central Rockies Thursday will eject into the central Plains. A
    frontal boundary will also be positioned across the central Plains
    and connected to a surface low over the Great Lakes. This will
    provide a focus for scattered thunderstorms to occur over the
    central United States. Moisture is forecast to pool along this
    boundary and PWs should remain around 2", which will allow for any thunderstorms to contain intense rainfall rates. Latest
    deterministic and ensemble guidance highlight a swath of 2-3" QPF
    from central KS and northern OK to the mid-Mississippi Valley.
    Given the convective mode locally higher totals are expected. NBM
    and ECENS ensemble probabilities are 30-60% for at least 1" of
    rainfall in this region. Uncertainty remains with respect to
    mesoscale details and won't be resolved for a few more days, but
    synoptically there is potential for the frontal boundary and heavy
    rain to fall north of the current SLGT risk. This will be monitored
    with future updates. Additionally, this part of the country has
    received heavy rainfall recently and is forecast to receive more
    prior to the day 4 forecast period, so antecedent ground conditions
    will support the potential for scattered flash flooding.

    Increasing moisture and IVT over the central Great Basin provides
    some risk for rainfall and locally heavy rain over the sensitive
    slot canyon region of Utah and northern Arizona, but mean layer
    flow appears fast enough at the moment to limit the flash flood
    threat.

    Day 5...Deepening upper trough over the Pacific Northwest on Friday
    increases downstream ridging and shifts the heavy rainfall threat
    along the aforementioned frontal boundary east-northeast from the
    Ozarks to the Ohio Valley. Less signal and focus for heavy rainfall
    exists compared to day 4, thus the MRGL Risk in place. However, NBM
    and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain are between 20-40%
    and PWs do remain near the 90th climatological percentile, so
    future upgrades are possible should convection organize along the
    frontal boundary and overlap with wet antecedent ground conditions.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!40QIvobSINCiRuINZhTqEOP-CPxmKa0Q45WUcjQ9KY4X= aQjde0ydvMgedvisrv6pBhgxApdpe9FuRUkG_LfZ4dv0FBs$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!40QIvobSINCiRuINZhTqEOP-CPxmKa0Q45WUcjQ9KY4X= aQjde0ydvMgedvisrv6pBhgxApdpe9FuRUkG_LfZ6han52w$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!40QIvobSINCiRuINZhTqEOP-CPxmKa0Q45WUcjQ9KY4X= aQjde0ydvMgedvisrv6pBhgxApdpe9FuRUkG_LfZBweL9II$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 22, 2026 09:45:17
    FOUS30 KWBC 220945
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    545 AM EDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM
    NORTHERN ARKANSAS TO WESTERN TENNESSEE AND FAR NORTHWEST
    MISSISSIPPI...

    0930Z Update...

    A Moderate Risk was added for northern AR to western TN and far
    northwest MS after assessing radar trends and latest HRRR/RRFS
    guidance. A mature MSC moving across eastern OK has an eastward
    extending wing of nearly stationary thunderstorms along an outflow
    boundary across northern AR into western TN and well south of the
    synoptic cold front to the north. The southward push of this
    outflow boundary is expected to compete with increasing southerly
    flow ahead of the MCS and strong mesovortex located in northeast
    OK. This all leads to an expected axis of heavy rain (hourly rates
    up to 3" and totals up to 6" are possible) through northern AR and
    into parts of western TN and northwest MS. This is just north of
    Little Rock, AR, but does include Jonesboro, AR and Memphis, TN.
    Coverage of flash flooding as well as potentially localized
    significant impacts prompted the upgrade to a Moderate Risk prior
    to the start of this day 1 forecast period (12Z Monday). This event
    is expected to begin diminishing by around 17Z as the MCS clears
    the region and weakens, but this still provides potential for
    around 6-hrs of intense rainfall rates and flash flood impacts.

    Snell

    Previous Discussion...

    ...Southern Plains to Tennessee Valley...

    Current WV satellite and UA analysis depicts a potent mid-level
    shortwave sliding southeast through the Central and Southern High
    Plains with eyes likely downstream into the Lower Mississippi
    Valley and southwestern Tennessee Valley as we move through the
    morning and afternoon Monday. Favorable boundary layer instability
    presence across much of the Southern Plains into the Southeastern
    CONUS will benefit periods of heavy rainfall during the period with
    a likely impact beginning early in the forecast period with a
    secondary batch likely to ensue the following evening. At the
    surface, surface wave will be located across OK in conjunction
    with an organized area of thunderstorms migrating southeast through
    the region overnight. A bit further east into the Ozarks and
    eastern OK, a slow-moving cold front will shift through the region
    overnight with increasing convergence likely to occur between the complex/surface wave and the front as it heads into central OK.
    Instability maximum over eastern OK into AR on the order of
    2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE will aid in the necessary component to
    initiate more thunderstorm activity as the convergence regime
    materializes with likely a long stretch of heavy convection
    orienting from south-central OK back into southwest TN by sunrise.
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 deviations off the latest NAEFS
    indicate a deep moist convective environment situated over the area
    ahead of the front with the combination of both favorable
    instability and 2+ inch PWATs set to provide effective warm rain
    processes capable of producing efficient heavy rainfall that can
    spur flash flood capabilities.

    Recent 00z HREF outputs are pretty aggressive with scattered areas
    of 2-3" of precipitation anticipated in the means across the
    ArkLaTex through central and southern AR into southwest TN and
    western MS. A good portion of this rainfall is likely to occur in
    the first half of the period as the expected QLCS development will
    encroach the area and provide significant rainfall over the above
    locations. The disturbance over OK is forecast to utilize the
    positioning of the front as a focal point for the wave as model
    guidance agrees on the surface wave riding eastward along the front
    as it begins to enter eastern OK, eventually making headway into
    the Lower Tennessee Valley and MS Delta. Indications are for a
    small corridor between northeast AR through southwest TN into the
    Mississippi Delta to see a training episode materialize in the
    morning with neighborhood probs for >3" highlighting that zone with
    50-70% probabilities. Some of the deterministic is very bullish
    within this general area noting totals of 4-6" in an isolated
    coverage with 2-4" more representative of an areal average. This
    expands back into central and southern AR as the complex of
    organized thunderstorms will likely slide south through Little Rock
    and surrounding areas creating a busy morning for flash flood
    prospects. This will likely expand into OK as the front location
    will be the main factor on where heavy precipitation would occur.
    In this case, the entire area is within a broad SLGT risk with a
    higher-end SLGT forecast across the above area between eastern OK
    into southwest TN and northern MS.

    As the complex of thunderstorms begins to peter off in the
    afternoon, another round of convection will spawn in-of the
    ArkLaTex into the eastern Red River area between OK/TX the
    following evening as a nocturnal LLJ develops after 23z with
    increasing convergence along the back edge of the front located in
    the area. There's still some discrepancy on the exact placement of
    the front, however there's enough consensus on the second round of
    convection to warrant attention to the prospects of flash flood
    potential into that area of the ArkLaTex to perhaps as far west as
    the I-35 corridor in southern OK towards the DFW metro. As of now,
    thunderstorm development is likely with training potential
    increasingly favored in the area as storm development will likely
    anchor to the front as mid-level flow aligns parallel to the
    boundary with surface convergence maximized along the front. A
    slow-moving axis of thunderstorms is a more textbook way for
    greater flash flood potential, especially in speaking in spatial
    terms as there will likely be a large area encompassed within this
    second round of convective development over that referenced
    corridor. If this were to make headway into I-20, this would likely
    result in numerous flash floods given the environment in place
    with rates between 2-3"/hr at peak intensity likely to occur. As of
    now, placed the region within the broad high-end SLGT forecast,
    but will have to monitor the CAMs closely over the course of the D1
    to see if a targeted upgrade may be necessary for this band of
    heavy rainfall potential.

    ...Central Appalachians to Northeast U.S...

    Surface low currently analyzed over the western Ohio Valley will
    gradually lift to the east-northeast with an expectation for the
    low center to exit off the northern Mid Atlantic coast, dragging a
    cold front through the Mid Atlantic and Ohio Valley and lifting a
    warm front ahead of the disturbance. The current indications are
    for convection to spawn over the eastern Ohio Valley by the early-
    afternoon as mid-level ascent and increased surface forcing aided
    by the cold front and area of low pressure will trigger convective
    initiation just upstream of the terrain in WV and western PA. This
    area of thunderstorms will migrate eastward, entering a favorable
    environment within a modest warm sector as you move east of the
    Appalachian front. Shear profiles across the Mid Atlantic are
    anticipated to be greatest north of the Mason Dixon, however shear
    magnitudes are still capable for enabling stronger mid-level
    mesocyclones to materialize and hold as far south as I-66 leading
    to prospects for heavier thunderstorms to hold across the urban
    corridor extending from northern VA up through NYC and western LI.

    HREF probs for >1" are pretty high for both the neighborhood and
    EAS fields meaning there's a consensus for areas of heavy rainfall
    to impact much of the Mid Atlantic with the most pronounced
    signatures into the Central Appalachians and the urban centers,
    both are which are susceptible to flash flood concerns. Antecedent
    soil moisture is dry, so the initial burst of rainfall will be
    beneficial to those areas not tied completely by urban
    infrastructure, however, there's a sufficient signal in the QPF
    means to maintain the previous SLGT risk inherited for the region
    as 00z CAMs maintained their depictions on a multi-round cycle of
    convection moving into the area with pockets of 2-3+" forecast
    across portions of the aforementioned areas.

    ...New England...

    Shortwave ahead of an approaching disturbance from the southwest
    will enter the region by late-morning into the afternoon with
    scattered to widespread showers with isolated pockets of thunder
    for the initial wave of precipitation during the period. A second
    wave of precipitation with higher convective potential will enter
    the area by the second half of the afternoon and evening with
    heavier rain threat poised to impact portions of central and
    northern New England with southern New England likely to see more
    of a benefit from the approaching surface low and associated
    warm/cold front evolution. Areas of northern and central New
    England are forecast to see the most rainfall of the setup, however
    the instability gradient will likely be better situated south of
    the region as boundary layer theta_E's are likely just below the
    necessary magnitude to embrace a heavier convective footprint.
    Still, local pockets of >1"/hr are plausible over New England,
    north of I-90 with a greater potential for 1-2"/hr closer to the
    interstate and points southeast. Antecedent soils in southern New
    England are very dry currently with the watershed running well-
    below normal which should curb a more pronounced flash flood
    prospect with generally isolated flash flood signals in more
    urbanized settings. With that, the MRGL risk inherited remains
    forecast for much of New England.

    ...Front Range and Central High Plains...

    Defined theta_E ridge positioned over the Central to Southern High
    Plains will lead to an axis of relatively unstable boundary layer
    conditions conducive for convective generation in tandem with
    passing shortwaves ejecting out of the Rockies. HREF blended mean
    QPF depicts a smattering of elevated precipitation outputs with
    1-2" totals littered across the High Plains from eastern WY and
    western SD down through KS/CO and portions of southwest TX. Some of
    the areas noted for potential impact have been hit recently, so
    local FFG's are lower than normal for the time frame meaning a bit
    easier chance at exceeding the FFG markers in place and creating
    isolated flash flood concerns. Threat is lower end compared to what
    has transpired in the past few days, but it is the beginning of
    what will be an active northwesterly flow pattern that could spawn
    multiple MCS's across the High Plains. The previous MRGL risk
    inherited was maintained with an extension north into the Badlands
    of SD and neighboring eastern WY.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Potent shortwave dropping out of western Canada will aid in
    regional amplification of the flow out ahead of the trough with
    increased ascent located within the diffluent area downstream into
    eastern MT and northern ND. Sufficient mid-level forcing and
    instability over the region will allow for scattered convection to
    materialize during peak diurnal destabilization, generating pockets
    of heavy rainfall during the late-morning into the early evening
    before instability wanes. Modest probs (30-50%) for >2" of rain
    exist within the latest 00z HREF neighborhood fields across the
    area of northeastern MT into the northern tier of ND with low end
    probabilities for >3" as some CAMs spawn supercells in-of the
    Northern High Plains. Previous MRGL was carried over into this
    update, but did expand the risk into MT to account for the heavy
    QPF distribution in the CAMs bleeding over into the area with
    similar FFG markers situated in the area.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Central and Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley...

    The morning period on Tuesday will be one to monitor as lingering
    heavy convection across the ArkLaTex to the I-20 corridor could
    enhance flash flood prospects early on in the forecast, a lingering
    potential that would carry out of the D1 period. Multiple CAMs and
    even the ML are suggesting heavy rains would carry over from the
    overnight period into early Tuesday morning with prob fields just
    north of the DFW metro actually quite impressive for >3" of
    additional rainfall in the 12z Tue to 00z Wed window, running
    between 30-60%. This would easily lend to flash flooding
    capabilities in the urban corridor, even some of the larger towns
    surrounding due to the prominent urban sprawl in place. This is
    certainly a period to watch as the evolution from the previous
    period will dictate the threat in the D2. For now, a SLGT risk was
    added to encompass the area of greatest concern for the front half
    of the period.

    As we head into the afternoon and evening hours, the mid and upper
    pattern across the Western and Central U.S. will setup into a
    persistent northwesterly flow regime with multiple shortwave
    ejections out of the Rockies allowing for a maturation of
    thunderstorms over the High Plains during peak diurnal instability.
    =46rom there, organization of thunderstorms are likely to occur as
    they migrate downstream and mature with sufficient mid-level shear
    presence to maintain any thunderstorm complex generation. This is a
    relatively classic MCS pattern for this time of the year with heavy
    rain prospects likely to occur from the Front Range down through
    KS/OK, eventually migrating into the Lower Mississippi Valley by
    the end of the forecast period. Totals on D2 are consistent
    within the means with 1-2" rainfall coverage encompassing a large
    portion of the Central High Plains down through OK. This puts
    emphasis on heavy rainfall over the western half of KS into OK for
    the period with a chance for locally 3+ inches in some of the
    hardest hit locations. These areas will have already been subject
    to heavy rainfall in recent periods, so grounds could still be
    somewhat saturated and more susceptible to flash flooding upfront.
    Given the consistent signal and ensemble QPF forecast, a SLGT risk
    was added across the above area with the heaviest rainfall likely
    to occur over western KS into northern OK.

    ...Southeast Virginia...

    Shortwave ejecting out of the Tennessee Valley will make headway
    into the southern Mid Atlantic with several pieces of guidance
    indicating a small focused area of heavy rainfall across the
    Hampton Roads area of southeast Virginia. The approach of the
    shortwave trough is aiding in development of a surface low off the
    VA Capes leading to a narrow corridor of enhanced convergence
    across the Tidewater during the period Tuesday morning. CAMs are
    generally aggressive with local maxima between 2-3" across the
    Tidewater, an area more prone to flash flooding due to urbanization
    factors present. HREF neighborhood probabilities for >2" are up
    between 50-70% across the area, a threshold that would be
    sufficient for flash flood potential, especially when you combine
    the rate factors of 1-2"/hr most likely in the strongest cell
    cores given the suitable environment in place. Considering the
    probabilities and the expectation for locally heavy rainfall, a
    small MRGL risk was added over southeast VA to account for the
    threat.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    A repeat from the D2 pattern will ensue for the afternoon and
    evening time frame Wednesday with another round of upscale growth
    from convection that matures over the High Plains and slides
    southeast within the prevailing northwesterly flow aloft. This
    threat seems to have a bit more of an emphatic tone to it thanks to
    models depicting a stronger mid-level disturbance ejecting out of
    the Rockies this period which would provide greater magnitude for
    any organized convective regime that occurs. Models are also trying
    to focus some training convection across portions of the area
    between northeast OK into the Ozarks of MO/AR in conjunction to the
    previous complex moving through the area. Upwind vectors are
    favored for back-building potential in the region when assessing
    forecast soundings with some models incredibly aggressive with the
    QPF output in the time frame between 12z Wed and 00z Thu. There's
    still some discrepancy in the magnitude and exact placement of the training/back-building regime, however this is a pattern where a
    setup like this is favored, so it will bear watching. For the time
    being, a SLGT risk was added to D3 across the Central High Plains
    down through portions of the Southern Plains to the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The alignment of the risk matches the recent
    First Guess Fields for the period and correlates with the precip
    maximum positioned within the ECENS and EC-AIFS ensemble forecasts.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE OZARKS ON THURSDAY...

    Day 4...By Thursday the upper pattern is expected to remain mostly
    zonal across the central U.S. as troughing exists over the Great
    Lakes and a deeper trough approaches the Pacific Northwest.
    Meanwhile, subtle shortwaves rounding an upper high over northern
    Mexico and eventually tracking eastward across the Great Basin and
    central Rockies Thursday will eject into the central Plains. A
    frontal boundary will also be positioned across the central Plains
    and connected to a surface low over the Great Lakes. This will
    provide a focus for scattered thunderstorms to occur over the
    central United States. Moisture is forecast to pool along this
    boundary and PWs should remain around 2", which will allow for any thunderstorms to contain intense rainfall rates. Latest
    deterministic and ensemble guidance highlight a swath of 2-3" QPF
    from central KS and northern OK to the mid-Mississippi Valley.

    Given the convective mode locally higher totals are expected. NBM
    and ECENS ensemble probabilities are 30-60% for at least 1" of
    rainfall in this region. Uncertainty remains with respect to
    mesoscale details and won't be resolved for a few more days, but
    synoptically there is potential for the frontal boundary and heavy
    rain to fall north of the current SLGT risk. This will be monitored
    with future updates. Additionally, this part of the country has
    received heavy rainfall recently and is forecast to receive more
    prior to the day 4 forecast period, so antecedent ground conditions
    will support the potential for scattered flash flooding.

    Increasing moisture and IVT over the central Great Basin provides
    some risk for rainfall and locally heavy rain over the sensitive
    slot canyon region of Utah and northern Arizona, but mean layer
    flow appears fast enough at the moment to limit the flash flood
    threat.

    Day 5...Deepening upper trough over the Pacific Northwest on Friday
    increases downstream ridging and shifts the heavy rainfall threat
    along the aforementioned frontal boundary east-northeast from the
    Ozarks to the Ohio Valley. Less signal and focus for heavy rainfall
    exists compared to day 4, thus the MRGL Risk in place. However, NBM
    and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain are between 20-40%
    and PWs do remain near the 90th climatological percentile, so
    future upgrades are possible should convection organize along the
    frontal boundary and overlap with wet antecedent ground conditions.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7xImIr0G4_2Oy6ckocidiFwGTlJnHq09dbU-CmDQPH3p= MJbR3JvT5iA0ZoKPI58Ey6liSYZMjAdUySqCq2gf7mCYVTE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7xImIr0G4_2Oy6ckocidiFwGTlJnHq09dbU-CmDQPH3p= MJbR3JvT5iA0ZoKPI58Ey6liSYZMjAdUySqCq2gflJnSYZk$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7xImIr0G4_2Oy6ckocidiFwGTlJnHq09dbU-CmDQPH3p= MJbR3JvT5iA0ZoKPI58Ey6liSYZMjAdUySqCq2gfc9ZS3vA$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 22, 2026 15:41:51
    FOUS30 KWBC 221541
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1141 AM EDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM
    NORTHEASTERN ARKANSAS TO WESTERN TENNESSEE AND FAR NORTHWEST
    MISSISSIPPI...

    1600Z Update...

    Most notable changes to the Day 1 ERO were to trim back on the
    Moderate and Slight risk areas across western AR and eastern OK --
    based on the deep-layer stabilization over these areas with the MCV
    now departing to the east while shortwave ridging builds in aloft
    from the west. This also fits well with the incoming 12Z CAM
    guidance, including the latest HREF QPF exceedance probabilities.

    Have also expanded the Marginal Risk slightly farther south over
    eastern MT and ND, based on the latest observational and guidance
    trends per the 12Z CAMs.

    Hurley

    Previous Discussion...

    ...Southern Plains to Tennessee Valley...

    Current WV satellite and UA analysis depicts a potent mid-level
    shortwave sliding southeast through the Central and Southern High
    Plains with eyes likely downstream into the Lower Mississippi
    Valley and southwestern Tennessee Valley as we move through the
    morning and afternoon Monday. Favorable boundary layer instability
    presence across much of the Southern Plains into the Southeastern
    CONUS will benefit periods of heavy rainfall during the period with
    a likely impact beginning early in the forecast period with a
    secondary batch likely to ensue the following evening. At the
    surface, surface wave will be located across OK in conjunction
    with an organized area of thunderstorms migrating southeast through
    the region overnight. A bit further east into the Ozarks and
    eastern OK, a slow-moving cold front will shift through the region
    overnight with increasing convergence likely to occur between the complex/surface wave and the front as it heads into central OK.
    Instability maximum over eastern OK into AR on the order of
    2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE will aid in the necessary component to
    initiate more thunderstorm activity as the convergence regime
    materializes with likely a long stretch of heavy convection
    orienting from south-central OK back into southwest TN by sunrise.
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 deviations off the latest NAEFS
    indicate a deep moist convective environment situated over the area
    ahead of the front with the combination of both favorable
    instability and 2+ inch PWATs set to provide effective warm rain
    processes capable of producing efficient heavy rainfall that can
    spur flash flood capabilities.

    Recent 00z HREF outputs are pretty aggressive with scattered areas
    of 2-3" of precipitation anticipated in the means across the
    ArkLaTex through central and southern AR into southwest TN and
    western MS. A good portion of this rainfall is likely to occur in
    the first half of the period as the expected QLCS development will
    encroach the area and provide significant rainfall over the above
    locations. The disturbance over OK is forecast to utilize the
    positioning of the front as a focal point for the wave as model
    guidance agrees on the surface wave riding eastward along the front
    as it begins to enter eastern OK, eventually making headway into
    the Lower Tennessee Valley and MS Delta. Indications are for a
    small corridor between northeast AR through southwest TN into the
    Mississippi Delta to see a training episode materialize in the
    morning with neighborhood probs for >3" highlighting that zone with
    50-70% probabilities. Some of the deterministic is very bullish
    within this general area noting totals of 4-6" in an isolated
    coverage with 2-4" more representative of an areal average. This
    expands back into central and southern AR as the complex of
    organized thunderstorms will likely slide south through Little Rock
    and surrounding areas creating a busy morning for flash flood
    prospects. This will likely expand into OK as the front location
    will be the main factor on where heavy precipitation would occur.
    In this case, the entire area is within a broad SLGT risk with a
    higher-end SLGT forecast across the above area between eastern OK
    into southwest TN and northern MS.

    As the complex of thunderstorms begins to peter off in the
    afternoon, another round of convection will spawn in-of the
    ArkLaTex into the eastern Red River area between OK/TX the
    following evening as a nocturnal LLJ develops after 23z with
    increasing convergence along the back edge of the front located in
    the area. There's still some discrepancy on the exact placement of
    the front, however there's enough consensus on the second round of
    convection to warrant attention to the prospects of flash flood
    potential into that area of the ArkLaTex to perhaps as far west as
    the I-35 corridor in southern OK towards the DFW metro. As of now,
    thunderstorm development is likely with training potential
    increasingly favored in the area as storm development will likely
    anchor to the front as mid-level flow aligns parallel to the
    boundary with surface convergence maximized along the front. A
    slow-moving axis of thunderstorms is a more textbook way for
    greater flash flood potential, especially in speaking in spatial
    terms as there will likely be a large area encompassed within this
    second round of convective development over that referenced
    corridor. If this were to make headway into I-20, this would likely
    result in numerous flash floods given the environment in place
    with rates between 2-3"/hr at peak intensity likely to occur. As of
    now, placed the region within the broad high-end SLGT forecast,
    but will have to monitor the CAMs closely over the course of the D1
    to see if a targeted upgrade may be necessary for this band of
    heavy rainfall potential.

    ...Central Appalachians to Northeast U.S...

    Surface low currently analyzed over the western Ohio Valley will
    gradually lift to the east-northeast with an expectation for the
    low center to exit off the northern Mid Atlantic coast, dragging a
    cold front through the Mid Atlantic and Ohio Valley and lifting a
    warm front ahead of the disturbance. The current indications are
    for convection to spawn over the eastern Ohio Valley by the early-
    afternoon as mid-level ascent and increased surface forcing aided
    by the cold front and area of low pressure will trigger convective
    initiation just upstream of the terrain in WV and western PA. This
    area of thunderstorms will migrate eastward, entering a favorable
    environment within a modest warm sector as you move east of the
    Appalachian front. Shear profiles across the Mid Atlantic are
    anticipated to be greatest north of the Mason Dixon, however shear
    magnitudes are still capable for enabling stronger mid-level
    mesocyclones to materialize and hold as far south as I-66 leading
    to prospects for heavier thunderstorms to hold across the urban
    corridor extending from northern VA up through NYC and western LI.

    HREF probs for >1" are pretty high for both the neighborhood and
    EAS fields meaning there's a consensus for areas of heavy rainfall
    to impact much of the Mid Atlantic with the most pronounced
    signatures into the Central Appalachians and the urban centers,
    both are which are susceptible to flash flood concerns. Antecedent
    soil moisture is dry, so the initial burst of rainfall will be
    beneficial to those areas not tied completely by urban
    infrastructure, however, there's a sufficient signal in the QPF
    means to maintain the previous SLGT risk inherited for the region
    as 00z CAMs maintained their depictions on a multi-round cycle of
    convection moving into the area with pockets of 2-3+" forecast
    across portions of the aforementioned areas.

    ...New England...

    Shortwave ahead of an approaching disturbance from the southwest
    will enter the region by late-morning into the afternoon with
    scattered to widespread showers with isolated pockets of thunder
    for the initial wave of precipitation during the period. A second
    wave of precipitation with higher convective potential will enter
    the area by the second half of the afternoon and evening with
    heavier rain threat poised to impact portions of central and
    northern New England with southern New England likely to see more
    of a benefit from the approaching surface low and associated
    warm/cold front evolution. Areas of northern and central New
    England are forecast to see the most rainfall of the setup, however
    the instability gradient will likely be better situated south of
    the region as boundary layer theta_E's are likely just below the
    necessary magnitude to embrace a heavier convective footprint.
    Still, local pockets of >1"/hr are plausible over New England,
    north of I-90 with a greater potential for 1-2"/hr closer to the
    interstate and points southeast. Antecedent soils in southern New
    England are very dry currently with the watershed running well-
    below normal which should curb a more pronounced flash flood
    prospect with generally isolated flash flood signals in more
    urbanized settings. With that, the MRGL risk inherited remains
    forecast for much of New England.

    ...Front Range and Central High Plains...

    Defined theta_E ridge positioned over the Central to Southern High
    Plains will lead to an axis of relatively unstable boundary layer
    conditions conducive for convective generation in tandem with
    passing shortwaves ejecting out of the Rockies. HREF blended mean
    QPF depicts a smattering of elevated precipitation outputs with
    1-2" totals littered across the High Plains from eastern WY and
    western SD down through KS/CO and portions of southwest TX. Some of
    the areas noted for potential impact have been hit recently, so
    local FFG's are lower than normal for the time frame meaning a bit
    easier chance at exceeding the FFG markers in place and creating
    isolated flash flood concerns. Threat is lower end compared to what
    has transpired in the past few days, but it is the beginning of
    what will be an active northwesterly flow pattern that could spawn
    multiple MCS's across the High Plains. The previous MRGL risk
    inherited was maintained with an extension north into the Badlands
    of SD and neighboring eastern WY.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Potent shortwave dropping out of western Canada will aid in
    regional amplification of the flow out ahead of the trough with
    increased ascent located within the diffluent area downstream into
    eastern MT and northern ND. Sufficient mid-level forcing and
    instability over the region will allow for scattered convection to
    materialize during peak diurnal destabilization, generating pockets
    of heavy rainfall during the late-morning into the early evening
    before instability wanes. Modest probs (30-50%) for >2" of rain
    exist within the latest 00z HREF neighborhood fields across the
    area of northeastern MT into the northern tier of ND with low end
    probabilities for >3" as some CAMs spawn supercells in-of the
    Northern High Plains. Previous MRGL was carried over into this
    update, but did expand the risk into MT to account for the heavy
    QPF distribution in the CAMs bleeding over into the area with
    similar FFG markers situated in the area.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Central and Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley...

    The morning period on Tuesday will be one to monitor as lingering
    heavy convection across the ArkLaTex to the I-20 corridor could
    enhance flash flood prospects early on in the forecast, a lingering
    potential that would carry out of the D1 period. Multiple CAMs and
    even the ML are suggesting heavy rains would carry over from the
    overnight period into early Tuesday morning with prob fields just
    north of the DFW metro actually quite impressive for >3" of
    additional rainfall in the 12z Tue to 00z Wed window, running
    between 30-60%. This would easily lend to flash flooding
    capabilities in the urban corridor, even some of the larger towns
    surrounding due to the prominent urban sprawl in place. This is
    certainly a period to watch as the evolution from the previous
    period will dictate the threat in the D2. For now, a SLGT risk was
    added to encompass the area of greatest concern for the front half
    of the period.

    As we head into the afternoon and evening hours, the mid and upper
    pattern across the Western and Central U.S. will setup into a
    persistent northwesterly flow regime with multiple shortwave
    ejections out of the Rockies allowing for a maturation of
    thunderstorms over the High Plains during peak diurnal instability.
    =46rom there, organization of thunderstorms are likely to occur as
    they migrate downstream and mature with sufficient mid-level shear
    presence to maintain any thunderstorm complex generation. This is a
    relatively classic MCS pattern for this time of the year with heavy
    rain prospects likely to occur from the Front Range down through
    KS/OK, eventually migrating into the Lower Mississippi Valley by
    the end of the forecast period. Totals on D2 are consistent
    within the means with 1-2" rainfall coverage encompassing a large
    portion of the Central High Plains down through OK. This puts
    emphasis on heavy rainfall over the western half of KS into OK for
    the period with a chance for locally 3+ inches in some of the
    hardest hit locations. These areas will have already been subject
    to heavy rainfall in recent periods, so grounds could still be
    somewhat saturated and more susceptible to flash flooding upfront.
    Given the consistent signal and ensemble QPF forecast, a SLGT risk
    was added across the above area with the heaviest rainfall likely
    to occur over western KS into northern OK.

    ...Southeast Virginia...

    Shortwave ejecting out of the Tennessee Valley will make headway
    into the southern Mid Atlantic with several pieces of guidance
    indicating a small focused area of heavy rainfall across the
    Hampton Roads area of southeast Virginia. The approach of the
    shortwave trough is aiding in development of a surface low off the
    VA Capes leading to a narrow corridor of enhanced convergence
    across the Tidewater during the period Tuesday morning. CAMs are
    generally aggressive with local maxima between 2-3" across the
    Tidewater, an area more prone to flash flooding due to urbanization
    factors present. HREF neighborhood probabilities for >2" are up
    between 50-70% across the area, a threshold that would be
    sufficient for flash flood potential, especially when you combine
    the rate factors of 1-2"/hr most likely in the strongest cell
    cores given the suitable environment in place. Considering the
    probabilities and the expectation for locally heavy rainfall, a
    small MRGL risk was added over southeast VA to account for the
    threat.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    A repeat from the D2 pattern will ensue for the afternoon and
    evening time frame Wednesday with another round of upscale growth
    from convection that matures over the High Plains and slides
    southeast within the prevailing northwesterly flow aloft. This
    threat seems to have a bit more of an emphatic tone to it thanks to
    models depicting a stronger mid-level disturbance ejecting out of
    the Rockies this period which would provide greater magnitude for
    any organized convective regime that occurs. Models are also trying
    to focus some training convection across portions of the area
    between northeast OK into the Ozarks of MO/AR in conjunction to the
    previous complex moving through the area. Upwind vectors are
    favored for back-building potential in the region when assessing
    forecast soundings with some models incredibly aggressive with the
    QPF output in the time frame between 12z Wed and 00z Thu. There's
    still some discrepancy in the magnitude and exact placement of the training/back-building regime, however this is a pattern where a
    setup like this is favored, so it will bear watching. For the time
    being, a SLGT risk was added to D3 across the Central High Plains
    down through portions of the Southern Plains to the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The alignment of the risk matches the recent
    First Guess Fields for the period and correlates with the precip
    maximum positioned within the ECENS and EC-AIFS ensemble forecasts.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE OZARKS ON THURSDAY...

    Day 4...By Thursday the upper pattern is expected to remain mostly
    zonal across the central U.S. as troughing exists over the Great
    Lakes and a deeper trough approaches the Pacific Northwest.
    Meanwhile, subtle shortwaves rounding an upper high over northern
    Mexico and eventually tracking eastward across the Great Basin and
    central Rockies Thursday will eject into the central Plains. A
    frontal boundary will also be positioned across the central Plains
    and connected to a surface low over the Great Lakes. This will
    provide a focus for scattered thunderstorms to occur over the
    central United States. Moisture is forecast to pool along this
    boundary and PWs should remain around 2", which will allow for any thunderstorms to contain intense rainfall rates. Latest
    deterministic and ensemble guidance highlight a swath of 2-3" QPF
    from central KS and northern OK to the mid-Mississippi Valley.
    Given the convective mode locally higher totals are expected. NBM
    and ECENS ensemble probabilities are 30-60% for at least 1" of
    rainfall in this region. Uncertainty remains with respect to
    mesoscale details and won't be resolved for a few more days, but
    synoptically there is potential for the frontal boundary and heavy
    rain to fall north of the current SLGT risk. This will be monitored
    with future updates. Additionally, this part of the country has
    received heavy rainfall recently and is forecast to receive more
    prior to the day 4 forecast period, so antecedent ground conditions
    will support the potential for scattered flash flooding.

    Increasing moisture and IVT over the central Great Basin provides
    some risk for rainfall and locally heavy rain over the sensitive
    slot canyon region of Utah and northern Arizona, but mean layer
    flow appears fast enough at the moment to limit the flash flood
    threat.
    Day 5...Deepening upper trough over the Pacific Northwest on Friday
    increases downstream ridging and shifts the heavy rainfall threat
    along the aforementioned frontal boundary east-northeast from the
    Ozarks to the Ohio Valley. Less signal and focus for heavy rainfall
    exists compared to day 4, thus the MRGL Risk in place. However, NBM
    and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain are between 20-40%
    and PWs do remain near the 90th climatological percentile, so
    future upgrades are possible should convection organize along the
    frontal boundary and overlap with wet antecedent ground conditions.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_ATTzhpc8x2VEF8v82MrLntCYkI1QMfYVC4y9LLc4C62= H82KNyAlZtH4oJYiMSrEFiXu9SpTioxuNqALpl95bjvyKaw$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_ATTzhpc8x2VEF8v82MrLntCYkI1QMfYVC4y9LLc4C62= H82KNyAlZtH4oJYiMSrEFiXu9SpTioxuNqALpl95Cbqnoiw$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_ATTzhpc8x2VEF8v82MrLntCYkI1QMfYVC4y9LLc4C62= H82KNyAlZtH4oJYiMSrEFiXu9SpTioxuNqALpl95bNZfu44$=20



    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 22, 2026 17:45:22
    FOUS30 KWBC 221745
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    145 PM EDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 1740Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL STRETCHING FROM
    PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY,
    TENNESSEE VALLEY, LOWER OHIO VALLEY, AND THE MID ATLANTIC...

    1800Z Update...

    Non-routine update to the Day 1 ERO to remove the Moderate Risk
    area post-MCV, again based on the current observational and
    guidance trends (including recent HRRRs).

    Hurley

    Original Discussion...

    ...Southern Plains to Tennessee Valley...

    Current WV satellite and UA analysis depicts a potent mid-level
    shortwave sliding southeast through the Central and Southern High
    Plains with eyes likely downstream into the Lower Mississippi
    Valley and southwestern Tennessee Valley as we move through the
    morning and afternoon Monday. Favorable boundary layer instability
    presence across much of the Southern Plains into the Southeastern
    CONUS will benefit periods of heavy rainfall during the period with
    a likely impact beginning early in the forecast period with a
    secondary batch likely to ensue the following evening. At the
    surface, surface wave will be located across OK in conjunction
    with an organized area of thunderstorms migrating southeast through
    the region overnight. A bit further east into the Ozarks and
    eastern OK, a slow-moving cold front will shift through the region
    overnight with increasing convergence likely to occur between the complex/surface wave and the front as it heads into central OK.
    Instability maximum over eastern OK into AR on the order of
    2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE will aid in the necessary component to
    initiate more thunderstorm activity as the convergence regime
    materializes with likely a long stretch of heavy convection
    orienting from south-central OK back into southwest TN by sunrise.
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 deviations off the latest NAEFS
    indicate a deep moist convective environment situated over the area
    ahead of the front with the combination of both favorable
    instability and 2+ inch PWATs set to provide effective warm rain
    processes capable of producing efficient heavy rainfall that can
    spur flash flood capabilities.

    Recent 00z HREF outputs are pretty aggressive with scattered areas
    of 2-3" of precipitation anticipated in the means across the
    ArkLaTex through central and southern AR into southwest TN and
    western MS. A good portion of this rainfall is likely to occur in
    the first half of the period as the expected QLCS development will
    encroach the area and provide significant rainfall over the above
    locations. The disturbance over OK is forecast to utilize the
    positioning of the front as a focal point for the wave as model
    guidance agrees on the surface wave riding eastward along the front
    as it begins to enter eastern OK, eventually making headway into
    the Lower Tennessee Valley and MS Delta. Indications are for a
    small corridor between northeast AR through southwest TN into the
    Mississippi Delta to see a training episode materialize in the
    morning with neighborhood probs for >3" highlighting that zone with
    50-70% probabilities. Some of the deterministic is very bullish
    within this general area noting totals of 4-6" in an isolated
    coverage with 2-4" more representative of an areal average. This
    expands back into central and southern AR as the complex of
    organized thunderstorms will likely slide south through Little Rock
    and surrounding areas creating a busy morning for flash flood
    prospects. This will likely expand into OK as the front location
    will be the main factor on where heavy precipitation would occur.
    In this case, the entire area is within a broad SLGT risk with a
    higher-end SLGT forecast across the above area between eastern OK
    into southwest TN and northern MS.

    As the complex of thunderstorms begins to peter off in the
    afternoon, another round of convection will spawn in-of the
    ArkLaTex into the eastern Red River area between OK/TX the
    following evening as a nocturnal LLJ develops after 23z with
    increasing convergence along the back edge of the front located in
    the area. There's still some discrepancy on the exact placement of
    the front, however there's enough consensus on the second round of
    convection to warrant attention to the prospects of flash flood
    potential into that area of the ArkLaTex to perhaps as far west as
    the I-35 corridor in southern OK towards the DFW metro. As of now,
    thunderstorm development is likely with training potential
    increasingly favored in the area as storm development will likely
    anchor to the front as mid-level flow aligns parallel to the
    boundary with surface convergence maximized along the front. A
    slow-moving axis of thunderstorms is a more textbook way for
    greater flash flood potential, especially in speaking in spatial
    terms as there will likely be a large area encompassed within this
    second round of convective development over that referenced
    corridor. If this were to make headway into I-20, this would likely
    result in numerous flash floods given the environment in place
    with rates between 2-3"/hr at peak intensity likely to occur. As of
    now, placed the region within the broad high-end SLGT forecast,
    but will have to monitor the CAMs closely over the course of the D1
    to see if a targeted upgrade may be necessary for this band of
    heavy rainfall potential.

    ...Central Appalachians to Northeast U.S...

    Surface low currently analyzed over the western Ohio Valley will
    gradually lift to the east-northeast with an expectation for the
    low center to exit off the northern Mid Atlantic coast, dragging a
    cold front through the Mid Atlantic and Ohio Valley and lifting a
    warm front ahead of the disturbance. The current indications are
    for convection to spawn over the eastern Ohio Valley by the early-
    afternoon as mid-level ascent and increased surface forcing aided
    by the cold front and area of low pressure will trigger convective
    initiation just upstream of the terrain in WV and western PA. This
    area of thunderstorms will migrate eastward, entering a favorable
    environment within a modest warm sector as you move east of the
    Appalachian front. Shear profiles across the Mid Atlantic are
    anticipated to be greatest north of the Mason Dixon, however shear
    magnitudes are still capable for enabling stronger mid-level
    mesocyclones to materialize and hold as far south as I-66 leading
    to prospects for heavier thunderstorms to hold across the urban
    corridor extending from northern VA up through NYC and western LI.

    HREF probs for >1" are pretty high for both the neighborhood and
    EAS fields meaning there's a consensus for areas of heavy rainfall
    to impact much of the Mid Atlantic with the most pronounced
    signatures into the Central Appalachians and the urban centers,
    both are which are susceptible to flash flood concerns. Antecedent
    soil moisture is dry, so the initial burst of rainfall will be
    beneficial to those areas not tied completely by urban
    infrastructure, however, there's a sufficient signal in the QPF
    means to maintain the previous SLGT risk inherited for the region
    as 00z CAMs maintained their depictions on a multi-round cycle of
    convection moving into the area with pockets of 2-3+" forecast
    across portions of the aforementioned areas.

    ...New England...

    Shortwave ahead of an approaching disturbance from the southwest
    will enter the region by late-morning into the afternoon with
    scattered to widespread showers with isolated pockets of thunder
    for the initial wave of precipitation during the period. A second
    wave of precipitation with higher convective potential will enter
    the area by the second half of the afternoon and evening with
    heavier rain threat poised to impact portions of central and
    northern New England with southern New England likely to see more
    of a benefit from the approaching surface low and associated
    warm/cold front evolution. Areas of northern and central New
    England are forecast to see the most rainfall of the setup, however
    the instability gradient will likely be better situated south of
    the region as boundary layer theta_E's are likely just below the
    necessary magnitude to embrace a heavier convective footprint.
    Still, local pockets of >1"/hr are plausible over New England,
    north of I-90 with a greater potential for 1-2"/hr closer to the
    interstate and points southeast. Antecedent soils in southern New
    England are very dry currently with the watershed running well-
    below normal which should curb a more pronounced flash flood
    prospect with generally isolated flash flood signals in more
    urbanized settings. With that, the MRGL risk inherited remains
    forecast for much of New England.

    ...Front Range and Central High Plains...

    Defined theta_E ridge positioned over the Central to Southern High
    Plains will lead to an axis of relatively unstable boundary layer
    conditions conducive for convective generation in tandem with
    passing shortwaves ejecting out of the Rockies. HREF blended mean
    QPF depicts a smattering of elevated precipitation outputs with
    1-2" totals littered across the High Plains from eastern WY and
    western SD down through KS/CO and portions of southwest TX. Some of
    the areas noted for potential impact have been hit recently, so
    local FFG's are lower than normal for the time frame meaning a bit
    easier chance at exceeding the FFG markers in place and creating
    isolated flash flood concerns. Threat is lower end compared to what
    has transpired in the past few days, but it is the beginning of
    what will be an active northwesterly flow pattern that could spawn
    multiple MCS's across the High Plains. The previous MRGL risk
    inherited was maintained with an extension north into the Badlands
    of SD and neighboring eastern WY.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Potent shortwave dropping out of western Canada will aid in
    regional amplification of the flow out ahead of the trough with
    increased ascent located within the diffluent area downstream into
    eastern MT and northern ND. Sufficient mid-level forcing and
    instability over the region will allow for scattered convection to
    materialize during peak diurnal destabilization, generating pockets
    of heavy rainfall during the late-morning into the early evening
    before instability wanes. Modest probs (30-50%) for >2" of rain
    exist within the latest 00z HREF neighborhood fields across the
    area of northeastern MT into the northern tier of ND with low end
    probabilities for >3" as some CAMs spawn supercells in-of the
    Northern High Plains. Previous MRGL was carried over into this
    update, but did expand the risk into MT to account for the heavy
    QPF distribution in the CAMs bleeding over into the area with
    similar FFG markers situated in the area.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Central and Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley...

    The morning period on Tuesday will be one to monitor as lingering
    heavy convection across the ArkLaTex to the I-20 corridor could
    enhance flash flood prospects early on in the forecast, a lingering
    potential that would carry out of the D1 period. Multiple CAMs and
    even the ML are suggesting heavy rains would carry over from the
    overnight period into early Tuesday morning with prob fields just
    north of the DFW metro actually quite impressive for >3" of
    additional rainfall in the 12z Tue to 00z Wed window, running
    between 30-60%. This would easily lend to flash flooding
    capabilities in the urban corridor, even some of the larger towns
    surrounding due to the prominent urban sprawl in place. This is
    certainly a period to watch as the evolution from the previous
    period will dictate the threat in the D2. For now, a SLGT risk was
    added to encompass the area of greatest concern for the front half
    of the period.

    As we head into the afternoon and evening hours, the mid and upper
    pattern across the Western and Central U.S. will setup into a
    persistent northwesterly flow regime with multiple shortwave
    ejections out of the Rockies allowing for a maturation of
    thunderstorms over the High Plains during peak diurnal instability.
    =46rom there, organization of thunderstorms are likely to occur as
    they migrate downstream and mature with sufficient mid-level shear
    presence to maintain any thunderstorm complex generation. This is a
    relatively classic MCS pattern for this time of the year with heavy
    rain prospects likely to occur from the Front Range down through
    KS/OK, eventually migrating into the Lower Mississippi Valley by
    the end of the forecast period. Totals on D2 are consistent
    within the means with 1-2" rainfall coverage encompassing a large
    portion of the Central High Plains down through OK. This puts
    emphasis on heavy rainfall over the western half of KS into OK for
    the period with a chance for locally 3+ inches in some of the
    hardest hit locations. These areas will have already been subject
    to heavy rainfall in recent periods, so grounds could still be
    somewhat saturated and more susceptible to flash flooding upfront.
    Given the consistent signal and ensemble QPF forecast, a SLGT risk
    was added across the above area with the heaviest rainfall likely
    to occur over western KS into northern OK.

    ...Southeast Virginia...

    Shortwave ejecting out of the Tennessee Valley will make headway
    into the southern Mid Atlantic with several pieces of guidance
    indicating a small focused area of heavy rainfall across the
    Hampton Roads area of southeast Virginia. The approach of the
    shortwave trough is aiding in development of a surface low off the
    VA Capes leading to a narrow corridor of enhanced convergence
    across the Tidewater during the period Tuesday morning. CAMs are
    generally aggressive with local maxima between 2-3" across the
    Tidewater, an area more prone to flash flooding due to urbanization
    factors present. HREF neighborhood probabilities for >2" are up
    between 50-70% across the area, a threshold that would be
    sufficient for flash flood potential, especially when you combine
    the rate factors of 1-2"/hr most likely in the strongest cell
    cores given the suitable environment in place. Considering the
    probabilities and the expectation for locally heavy rainfall, a
    small MRGL risk was added over southeast VA to account for the
    threat.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    A repeat from the D2 pattern will ensue for the afternoon and
    evening time frame Wednesday with another round of upscale growth
    from convection that matures over the High Plains and slides
    southeast within the prevailing northwesterly flow aloft. This
    threat seems to have a bit more of an emphatic tone to it thanks to
    models depicting a stronger mid-level disturbance ejecting out of
    the Rockies this period which would provide greater magnitude for
    any organized convective regime that occurs. Models are also trying
    to focus some training convection across portions of the area
    between northeast OK into the Ozarks of MO/AR in conjunction to the
    previous complex moving through the area. Upwind vectors are
    favored for back-building potential in the region when assessing
    forecast soundings with some models incredibly aggressive with the
    QPF output in the time frame between 12z Wed and 00z Thu. There's
    still some discrepancy in the magnitude and exact placement of the training/back-building regime, however this is a pattern where a
    setup like this is favored, so it will bear watching. For the time
    being, a SLGT risk was added to D3 across the Central High Plains
    down through portions of the Southern Plains to the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The alignment of the risk matches the recent
    First Guess Fields for the period and correlates with the precip
    maximum positioned within the ECENS and EC-AIFS ensemble forecasts.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE OZARKS ON THURSDAY...

    Day 4...By Thursday the upper pattern is expected to remain mostly
    zonal across the central U.S. as troughing exists over the Great
    Lakes and a deeper trough approaches the Pacific Northwest.
    Meanwhile, subtle shortwaves rounding an upper high over northern
    Mexico and eventually tracking eastward across the Great Basin and
    central Rockies Thursday will eject into the central Plains. A
    frontal boundary will also be positioned across the central Plains
    and connected to a surface low over the Great Lakes. This will
    provide a focus for scattered thunderstorms to occur over the
    central United States. Moisture is forecast to pool along this
    boundary and PWs should remain around 2", which will allow for any thunderstorms to contain intense rainfall rates. Latest
    deterministic and ensemble guidance highlight a swath of 2-3" QPF
    from central KS and northern OK to the mid-Mississippi Valley.
    Given the convective mode locally higher totals are expected. NBM
    and ECENS ensemble probabilities are 30-60% for at least 1" of
    rainfall in this region. Uncertainty remains with respect to
    mesoscale details and won't be resolved for a few more days, but
    synoptically there is potential for the frontal boundary and heavy
    rain to fall north of the current SLGT risk. This will be monitored
    with future updates. Additionally, this part of the country has
    received heavy rainfall recently and is forecast to receive more
    prior to the day 4 forecast period, so antecedent ground conditions
    will support the potential for scattered flash flooding.

    Increasing moisture and IVT over the central Great Basin provides
    some risk for rainfall and locally heavy rain over the sensitive
    slot canyon region of Utah and northern Arizona, but mean layer
    flow appears fast enough at the moment to limit the flash flood
    threat.
    Day 5...Deepening upper trough over the Pacific Northwest on Friday
    increases downstream ridging and shifts the heavy rainfall threat
    along the aforementioned frontal boundary east-northeast from the
    Ozarks to the Ohio Valley. Less signal and focus for heavy rainfall
    exists compared to day 4, thus the MRGL Risk in place. However, NBM
    and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain are between 20-40%
    and PWs do remain near the 90th climatological percentile, so
    future upgrades are possible should convection organize along the
    frontal boundary and overlap with wet antecedent ground conditions.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5IeREVd4Wdll2gfNZPoLWgxeWkN1vFD3Mp1WZ3Pl-Av8= MdVs7O1bt86gwBPkAvG80fspaP-C90vMmqtzCxLJ-9-Lq40$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5IeREVd4Wdll2gfNZPoLWgxeWkN1vFD3Mp1WZ3Pl-Av8= MdVs7O1bt86gwBPkAvG80fspaP-C90vMmqtzCxLJ7PUlq6E$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5IeREVd4Wdll2gfNZPoLWgxeWkN1vFD3Mp1WZ3Pl-Av8= MdVs7O1bt86gwBPkAvG80fspaP-C90vMmqtzCxLJAipW650$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 22, 2026 19:39:54
    FOUS30 KWBC 221939
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    339 PM EDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 1740Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL STRETCHING FROM
    PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY,
    TENNESSEE VALLEY, LOWER OHIO VALLEY, AND THE MID ATLANTIC...

    1800Z Update...

    Non-routine update to the Day 1 ERO to remove the Moderate Risk
    area post-MCV, again based on the current observational and
    guidance trends (including recent HRRRs).

    Hurley

    Original Discussion...

    ...Southern Plains to Tennessee Valley...

    Current WV satellite and UA analysis depicts a potent mid-level
    shortwave sliding southeast through the Central and Southern High
    Plains with eyes likely downstream into the Lower Mississippi
    Valley and southwestern Tennessee Valley as we move through the
    morning and afternoon Monday. Favorable boundary layer instability
    presence across much of the Southern Plains into the Southeastern
    CONUS will benefit periods of heavy rainfall during the period with
    a likely impact beginning early in the forecast period with a
    secondary batch likely to ensue the following evening. At the
    surface, surface wave will be located across OK in conjunction
    with an organized area of thunderstorms migrating southeast through
    the region overnight. A bit further east into the Ozarks and
    eastern OK, a slow-moving cold front will shift through the region
    overnight with increasing convergence likely to occur between the complex/surface wave and the front as it heads into central OK.
    Instability maximum over eastern OK into AR on the order of
    2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE will aid in the necessary component to
    initiate more thunderstorm activity as the convergence regime
    materializes with likely a long stretch of heavy convection
    orienting from south-central OK back into southwest TN by sunrise.
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 deviations off the latest NAEFS
    indicate a deep moist convective environment situated over the area
    ahead of the front with the combination of both favorable
    instability and 2+ inch PWATs set to provide effective warm rain
    processes capable of producing efficient heavy rainfall that can
    spur flash flood capabilities.

    Recent 00z HREF outputs are pretty aggressive with scattered areas
    of 2-3" of precipitation anticipated in the means across the
    ArkLaTex through central and southern AR into southwest TN and
    western MS. A good portion of this rainfall is likely to occur in
    the first half of the period as the expected QLCS development will
    encroach the area and provide significant rainfall over the above
    locations. The disturbance over OK is forecast to utilize the
    positioning of the front as a focal point for the wave as model
    guidance agrees on the surface wave riding eastward along the front
    as it begins to enter eastern OK, eventually making headway into
    the Lower Tennessee Valley and MS Delta. Indications are for a
    small corridor between northeast AR through southwest TN into the
    Mississippi Delta to see a training episode materialize in the
    morning with neighborhood probs for >3" highlighting that zone with
    50-70% probabilities. Some of the deterministic is very bullish
    within this general area noting totals of 4-6" in an isolated
    coverage with 2-4" more representative of an areal average. This
    expands back into central and southern AR as the complex of
    organized thunderstorms will likely slide south through Little Rock
    and surrounding areas creating a busy morning for flash flood
    prospects. This will likely expand into OK as the front location
    will be the main factor on where heavy precipitation would occur.
    In this case, the entire area is within a broad SLGT risk with a
    higher-end SLGT forecast across the above area between eastern OK
    into southwest TN and northern MS.

    As the complex of thunderstorms begins to peter off in the
    afternoon, another round of convection will spawn in-of the
    ArkLaTex into the eastern Red River area between OK/TX the
    following evening as a nocturnal LLJ develops after 23z with
    increasing convergence along the back edge of the front located in
    the area. There's still some discrepancy on the exact placement of
    the front, however there's enough consensus on the second round of
    convection to warrant attention to the prospects of flash flood
    potential into that area of the ArkLaTex to perhaps as far west as
    the I-35 corridor in southern OK towards the DFW metro. As of now,
    thunderstorm development is likely with training potential
    increasingly favored in the area as storm development will likely
    anchor to the front as mid-level flow aligns parallel to the
    boundary with surface convergence maximized along the front. A
    slow-moving axis of thunderstorms is a more textbook way for
    greater flash flood potential, especially in speaking in spatial
    terms as there will likely be a large area encompassed within this
    second round of convective development over that referenced
    corridor. If this were to make headway into I-20, this would likely
    result in numerous flash floods given the environment in place
    with rates between 2-3"/hr at peak intensity likely to occur. As of
    now, placed the region within the broad high-end SLGT forecast,
    but will have to monitor the CAMs closely over the course of the D1
    to see if a targeted upgrade may be necessary for this band of
    heavy rainfall potential.

    ...Central Appalachians to Northeast U.S...

    Surface low currently analyzed over the western Ohio Valley will
    gradually lift to the east-northeast with an expectation for the
    low center to exit off the northern Mid Atlantic coast, dragging a
    cold front through the Mid Atlantic and Ohio Valley and lifting a
    warm front ahead of the disturbance. The current indications are
    for convection to spawn over the eastern Ohio Valley by the early-
    afternoon as mid-level ascent and increased surface forcing aided
    by the cold front and area of low pressure will trigger convective
    initiation just upstream of the terrain in WV and western PA. This
    area of thunderstorms will migrate eastward, entering a favorable
    environment within a modest warm sector as you move east of the
    Appalachian front. Shear profiles across the Mid Atlantic are
    anticipated to be greatest north of the Mason Dixon, however shear
    magnitudes are still capable for enabling stronger mid-level
    mesocyclones to materialize and hold as far south as I-66 leading
    to prospects for heavier thunderstorms to hold across the urban
    corridor extending from northern VA up through NYC and western LI.

    HREF probs for >1" are pretty high for both the neighborhood and
    EAS fields meaning there's a consensus for areas of heavy rainfall
    to impact much of the Mid Atlantic with the most pronounced
    signatures into the Central Appalachians and the urban centers,
    both are which are susceptible to flash flood concerns. Antecedent
    soil moisture is dry, so the initial burst of rainfall will be
    beneficial to those areas not tied completely by urban
    infrastructure, however, there's a sufficient signal in the QPF
    means to maintain the previous SLGT risk inherited for the region
    as 00z CAMs maintained their depictions on a multi-round cycle of
    convection moving into the area with pockets of 2-3+" forecast
    across portions of the aforementioned areas.

    ...New England...

    Shortwave ahead of an approaching disturbance from the southwest
    will enter the region by late-morning into the afternoon with
    scattered to widespread showers with isolated pockets of thunder
    for the initial wave of precipitation during the period. A second
    wave of precipitation with higher convective potential will enter
    the area by the second half of the afternoon and evening with
    heavier rain threat poised to impact portions of central and
    northern New England with southern New England likely to see more
    of a benefit from the approaching surface low and associated
    warm/cold front evolution. Areas of northern and central New
    England are forecast to see the most rainfall of the setup, however
    the instability gradient will likely be better situated south of
    the region as boundary layer theta_E's are likely just below the
    necessary magnitude to embrace a heavier convective footprint.
    Still, local pockets of >1"/hr are plausible over New England,
    north of I-90 with a greater potential for 1-2"/hr closer to the
    interstate and points southeast. Antecedent soils in southern New
    England are very dry currently with the watershed running well-
    below normal which should curb a more pronounced flash flood
    prospect with generally isolated flash flood signals in more
    urbanized settings. With that, the MRGL risk inherited remains
    forecast for much of New England.

    ...Front Range and Central High Plains...

    Defined theta_E ridge positioned over the Central to Southern High
    Plains will lead to an axis of relatively unstable boundary layer
    conditions conducive for convective generation in tandem with
    passing shortwaves ejecting out of the Rockies. HREF blended mean
    QPF depicts a smattering of elevated precipitation outputs with
    1-2" totals littered across the High Plains from eastern WY and
    western SD down through KS/CO and portions of southwest TX. Some of
    the areas noted for potential impact have been hit recently, so
    local FFG's are lower than normal for the time frame meaning a bit
    easier chance at exceeding the FFG markers in place and creating
    isolated flash flood concerns. Threat is lower end compared to what
    has transpired in the past few days, but it is the beginning of
    what will be an active northwesterly flow pattern that could spawn
    multiple MCS's across the High Plains. The previous MRGL risk
    inherited was maintained with an extension north into the Badlands
    of SD and neighboring eastern WY.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Potent shortwave dropping out of western Canada will aid in
    regional amplification of the flow out ahead of the trough with
    increased ascent located within the diffluent area downstream into
    eastern MT and northern ND. Sufficient mid-level forcing and
    instability over the region will allow for scattered convection to
    materialize during peak diurnal destabilization, generating pockets
    of heavy rainfall during the late-morning into the early evening
    before instability wanes. Modest probs (30-50%) for >2" of rain
    exist within the latest 00z HREF neighborhood fields across the
    area of northeastern MT into the northern tier of ND with low end
    probabilities for >3" as some CAMs spawn supercells in-of the
    Northern High Plains. Previous MRGL was carried over into this
    update, but did expand the risk into MT to account for the heavy
    QPF distribution in the CAMs bleeding over into the area with
    similar FFG markers situated in the area.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    1930Z Update...

    Only minor modifications made to the Day 2 ERO, based on the
    latest (12Z) guidance, including the full CAM suite and HREF/RRFS
    QPF exceedance probabilities.

    Hurley


    Previous discussion below..

    ...Central and Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley...

    The morning period on Tuesday will be one to monitor as lingering
    heavy convection across the ArkLaTex to the I-20 corridor could
    enhance flash flood prospects early on in the forecast, a lingering
    potential that would carry out of the D1 period. Multiple CAMs and
    even the ML are suggesting heavy rains would carry over from the
    overnight period into early Tuesday morning with prob fields just
    north of the DFW metro actually quite impressive for >3" of
    additional rainfall in the 12z Tue to 00z Wed window, running
    between 30-60%. This would easily lend to flash flooding
    capabilities in the urban corridor, even some of the larger towns
    surrounding due to the prominent urban sprawl in place. This is
    certainly a period to watch as the evolution from the previous
    period will dictate the threat in the D2. For now, a SLGT risk was
    added to encompass the area of greatest concern for the front half
    of the period.

    As we head into the afternoon and evening hours, the mid and upper
    pattern across the Western and Central U.S. will setup into a
    persistent northwesterly flow regime with multiple shortwave
    ejections out of the Rockies allowing for a maturation of
    thunderstorms over the High Plains during peak diurnal instability.
    =46rom there, organization of thunderstorms are likely to occur as
    they migrate downstream and mature with sufficient mid-level shear
    presence to maintain any thunderstorm complex generation. This is a
    relatively classic MCS pattern for this time of the year with heavy
    rain prospects likely to occur from the Front Range down through
    KS/OK, eventually migrating into the Lower Mississippi Valley by
    the end of the forecast period. Totals on D2 are consistent
    within the means with 1-2" rainfall coverage encompassing a large
    portion of the Central High Plains down through OK. This puts
    emphasis on heavy rainfall over the western half of KS into OK for
    the period with a chance for locally 3+ inches in some of the
    hardest hit locations. These areas will have already been subject
    to heavy rainfall in recent periods, so grounds could still be
    somewhat saturated and more susceptible to flash flooding upfront.
    Given the consistent signal and ensemble QPF forecast, a SLGT risk
    was added across the above area with the heaviest rainfall likely
    to occur over western KS into northern OK.

    ...Eastern Virginia to southern portions of the DelMarVa...

    Shortwave ejecting out of the Tennessee Valley will make headway
    into the southern Mid Atlantic with several pieces of guidance
    indicating a small focused area of heavy rainfall across the
    Hampton Roads area of southeast Virginia. The approach of the
    shortwave trough is aiding in development of a surface low off the
    VA Capes leading to a narrow corridor of enhanced convergence
    across the Tidewater during the period Tuesday morning. CAMs are
    generally aggressive with local maxima between 2-3" across the
    Tidewater, an area more prone to flash flooding due to urbanization
    factors present. HREF neighborhood probabilities for >2" are up
    between 50-70% across the area, a threshold that would be
    sufficient for flash flood potential, especially when you combine
    the rate factors of 1-2"/hr most likely in the strongest cell
    cores given the suitable environment in place. Considering the
    probabilities and the expectation for locally heavy rainfall, a
    small MRGL risk was added over southeast VA to account for the
    threat.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    1930Z Update...

    Minor modifications made to the Day 3 ERO, based on the latest
    (12Z) guidance. One notable difference is extending the Slight and
    Marginal Risks farther southeast, closer to the central Gulf Coast
    region. Aloft, the upper level pattern will be quite difluent over
    the area, downstream of the upper ridge centered along the
    Mexican-U.S. border and south of the stronger westerlies. Even if
    south of the primary mid-level shortwave (meso- convectively
    aided), the guidance shows other perturbations within this difluent
    upper flow, while also a max PWAT axis of 1.75 to 2.00+ inches
    stretching to the central Gulf Coast. The more pronounced
    southeastward expansion was for the Marginal Risk (all the way to
    the Gulf Coast from southern MS-AL to the western FL Panhandle),
    which has support from the latest (12Z) UFVS-verified CSU first
    guess field.

    Hurley


    Previous discussion below..

    A repeat from the D2 pattern will ensue for the afternoon and
    evening time frame Wednesday with another round of upscale growth
    from convection that matures over the High Plains and slides
    southeast within the prevailing northwesterly flow aloft. This
    threat seems to have a bit more of an emphatic tone to it thanks to
    models depicting a stronger mid-level disturbance ejecting out of
    the Rockies this period which would provide greater magnitude for
    any organized convective regime that occurs. Models are also trying
    to focus some training convection across portions of the area
    between northeast OK into the Ozarks of MO/AR in conjunction to the
    previous complex moving through the area. Upwind vectors are
    favored for back-building potential in the region when assessing
    forecast soundings with some models incredibly aggressive with the
    QPF output in the time frame between 12z Wed and 00z Thu. There's
    still some discrepancy in the magnitude and exact placement of the training/back-building regime, however this is a pattern where a
    setup like this is favored, so it will bear watching. For the time
    being, a SLGT risk was added to D3 across the Central High Plains
    down through portions of the Southern Plains to the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The alignment of the risk matches the recent
    First Guess Fields for the period and correlates with the precip
    maximum positioned within the ECENS and EC-AIFS ensemble forecasts.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE OZARKS ON THURSDAY...

    Day 4...By Thursday the upper pattern is expected to remain mostly
    zonal across the central U.S. as troughing exists over the Great
    Lakes and a deeper trough approaches the Pacific Northwest.
    Meanwhile, subtle shortwaves rounding an upper high over northern
    Mexico and eventually tracking eastward across the Great Basin and
    central Rockies Thursday will eject into the central Plains. A
    frontal boundary will also be positioned across the central Plains
    and connected to a surface low over the Great Lakes. This will
    provide a focus for scattered thunderstorms to occur over the
    central United States. Moisture is forecast to pool along this
    boundary and PWs should remain around 2", which will allow for any thunderstorms to contain intense rainfall rates. Latest
    deterministic and ensemble guidance highlight a swath of 2-3" QPF
    from central KS and northern OK to the mid-Mississippi Valley.
    Given the convective mode locally higher totals are expected. NBM
    and ECENS ensemble probabilities are 30-60% for at least 1" of
    rainfall in this region. Uncertainty remains with respect to
    mesoscale details and won't be resolved for a few more days, but
    synoptically there is potential for the frontal boundary and heavy
    rain to fall north of the current SLGT risk. This will be monitored
    with future updates. Additionally, this part of the country has
    received heavy rainfall recently and is forecast to receive more
    prior to the day 4 forecast period, so antecedent ground conditions
    will support the potential for scattered flash flooding.

    Increasing moisture and IVT over the central Great Basin provides
    some risk for rainfall and locally heavy rain over the sensitive
    slot canyon region of Utah and northern Arizona, but mean layer
    flow appears fast enough at the moment to limit the flash flood
    threat.

    Day 5...Deepening upper trough over the Pacific Northwest on Friday
    increases downstream ridging and shifts the heavy rainfall threat
    along the aforementioned frontal boundary east-northeast from the
    Ozarks to the Ohio Valley. Less signal and focus for heavy rainfall
    exists compared to day 4, thus the MRGL Risk in place. However, NBM
    and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain are between 20-40%
    and PWs do remain near the 90th climatological percentile, so
    future upgrades are possible should convection organize along the
    frontal boundary and overlap with wet antecedent ground conditions.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!83r8qF9F0tPGaPIm-xciBX0s0iwBM0MHqsr1Zj_8dEap= mGCBVpQ16gH1MJdAia2ATByldADmSgVbINqzCoU5o2ltzBA$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!83r8qF9F0tPGaPIm-xciBX0s0iwBM0MHqsr1Zj_8dEap= mGCBVpQ16gH1MJdAia2ATByldADmSgVbINqzCoU5P9lp8_8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!83r8qF9F0tPGaPIm-xciBX0s0iwBM0MHqsr1Zj_8dEap= mGCBVpQ16gH1MJdAia2ATByldADmSgVbINqzCoU5pFuoV38$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 22, 2026 20:09:43
    FOUS30 KWBC 222009
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    409 PM EDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 1740Z Mon Jun 22 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL STRETCHING FROM
    PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY,
    TENNESSEE VALLEY, LOWER OHIO VALLEY, AND THE MID ATLANTIC...

    1800Z Update...

    Non-routine update to the Day 1 ERO to remove the Moderate Risk
    area post-MCV, again based on the current observational and
    guidance trends (including recent HRRRs).

    Hurley

    Original Discussion...

    ...Southern Plains to Tennessee Valley...

    Current WV satellite and UA analysis depicts a potent mid-level
    shortwave sliding southeast through the Central and Southern High
    Plains with eyes likely downstream into the Lower Mississippi
    Valley and southwestern Tennessee Valley as we move through the
    morning and afternoon Monday. Favorable boundary layer instability
    presence across much of the Southern Plains into the Southeastern
    CONUS will benefit periods of heavy rainfall during the period with
    a likely impact beginning early in the forecast period with a
    secondary batch likely to ensue the following evening. At the
    surface, surface wave will be located across OK in conjunction
    with an organized area of thunderstorms migrating southeast through
    the region overnight. A bit further east into the Ozarks and
    eastern OK, a slow-moving cold front will shift through the region
    overnight with increasing convergence likely to occur between the complex/surface wave and the front as it heads into central OK.
    Instability maximum over eastern OK into AR on the order of
    2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE will aid in the necessary component to
    initiate more thunderstorm activity as the convergence regime
    materializes with likely a long stretch of heavy convection
    orienting from south-central OK back into southwest TN by sunrise.
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 deviations off the latest NAEFS
    indicate a deep moist convective environment situated over the area
    ahead of the front with the combination of both favorable
    instability and 2+ inch PWATs set to provide effective warm rain
    processes capable of producing efficient heavy rainfall that can
    spur flash flood capabilities.

    Recent 00z HREF outputs are pretty aggressive with scattered areas
    of 2-3" of precipitation anticipated in the means across the
    ArkLaTex through central and southern AR into southwest TN and
    western MS. A good portion of this rainfall is likely to occur in
    the first half of the period as the expected QLCS development will
    encroach the area and provide significant rainfall over the above
    locations. The disturbance over OK is forecast to utilize the
    positioning of the front as a focal point for the wave as model
    guidance agrees on the surface wave riding eastward along the front
    as it begins to enter eastern OK, eventually making headway into
    the Lower Tennessee Valley and MS Delta. Indications are for a
    small corridor between northeast AR through southwest TN into the
    Mississippi Delta to see a training episode materialize in the
    morning with neighborhood probs for >3" highlighting that zone with
    50-70% probabilities. Some of the deterministic is very bullish
    within this general area noting totals of 4-6" in an isolated
    coverage with 2-4" more representative of an areal average. This
    expands back into central and southern AR as the complex of
    organized thunderstorms will likely slide south through Little Rock
    and surrounding areas creating a busy morning for flash flood
    prospects. This will likely expand into OK as the front location
    will be the main factor on where heavy precipitation would occur.
    In this case, the entire area is within a broad SLGT risk with a
    higher-end SLGT forecast across the above area between eastern OK
    into southwest TN and northern MS.

    As the complex of thunderstorms begins to peter off in the
    afternoon, another round of convection will spawn in-of the
    ArkLaTex into the eastern Red River area between OK/TX the
    following evening as a nocturnal LLJ develops after 23z with
    increasing convergence along the back edge of the front located in
    the area. There's still some discrepancy on the exact placement of
    the front, however there's enough consensus on the second round of
    convection to warrant attention to the prospects of flash flood
    potential into that area of the ArkLaTex to perhaps as far west as
    the I-35 corridor in southern OK towards the DFW metro. As of now,
    thunderstorm development is likely with training potential
    increasingly favored in the area as storm development will likely
    anchor to the front as mid-level flow aligns parallel to the
    boundary with surface convergence maximized along the front. A
    slow-moving axis of thunderstorms is a more textbook way for
    greater flash flood potential, especially in speaking in spatial
    terms as there will likely be a large area encompassed within this
    second round of convective development over that referenced
    corridor. If this were to make headway into I-20, this would likely
    result in numerous flash floods given the environment in place
    with rates between 2-3"/hr at peak intensity likely to occur. As of
    now, placed the region within the broad high-end SLGT forecast,
    but will have to monitor the CAMs closely over the course of the D1
    to see if a targeted upgrade may be necessary for this band of
    heavy rainfall potential.

    ...Central Appalachians to Northeast U.S...

    Surface low currently analyzed over the western Ohio Valley will
    gradually lift to the east-northeast with an expectation for the
    low center to exit off the northern Mid Atlantic coast, dragging a
    cold front through the Mid Atlantic and Ohio Valley and lifting a
    warm front ahead of the disturbance. The current indications are
    for convection to spawn over the eastern Ohio Valley by the early-
    afternoon as mid-level ascent and increased surface forcing aided
    by the cold front and area of low pressure will trigger convective
    initiation just upstream of the terrain in WV and western PA. This
    area of thunderstorms will migrate eastward, entering a favorable
    environment within a modest warm sector as you move east of the
    Appalachian front. Shear profiles across the Mid Atlantic are
    anticipated to be greatest north of the Mason Dixon, however shear
    magnitudes are still capable for enabling stronger mid-level
    mesocyclones to materialize and hold as far south as I-66 leading
    to prospects for heavier thunderstorms to hold across the urban
    corridor extending from northern VA up through NYC and western LI.

    HREF probs for >1" are pretty high for both the neighborhood and
    EAS fields meaning there's a consensus for areas of heavy rainfall
    to impact much of the Mid Atlantic with the most pronounced
    signatures into the Central Appalachians and the urban centers,
    both are which are susceptible to flash flood concerns. Antecedent
    soil moisture is dry, so the initial burst of rainfall will be
    beneficial to those areas not tied completely by urban
    infrastructure, however, there's a sufficient signal in the QPF
    means to maintain the previous SLGT risk inherited for the region
    as 00z CAMs maintained their depictions on a multi-round cycle of
    convection moving into the area with pockets of 2-3+" forecast
    across portions of the aforementioned areas.

    ...New England...

    Shortwave ahead of an approaching disturbance from the southwest
    will enter the region by late-morning into the afternoon with
    scattered to widespread showers with isolated pockets of thunder
    for the initial wave of precipitation during the period. A second
    wave of precipitation with higher convective potential will enter
    the area by the second half of the afternoon and evening with
    heavier rain threat poised to impact portions of central and
    northern New England with southern New England likely to see more
    of a benefit from the approaching surface low and associated
    warm/cold front evolution. Areas of northern and central New
    England are forecast to see the most rainfall of the setup, however
    the instability gradient will likely be better situated south of
    the region as boundary layer theta_E's are likely just below the
    necessary magnitude to embrace a heavier convective footprint.
    Still, local pockets of >1"/hr are plausible over New England,
    north of I-90 with a greater potential for 1-2"/hr closer to the
    interstate and points southeast. Antecedent soils in southern New
    England are very dry currently with the watershed running well-
    below normal which should curb a more pronounced flash flood
    prospect with generally isolated flash flood signals in more
    urbanized settings. With that, the MRGL risk inherited remains
    forecast for much of New England.

    ...Front Range and Central High Plains...

    Defined theta_E ridge positioned over the Central to Southern High
    Plains will lead to an axis of relatively unstable boundary layer
    conditions conducive for convective generation in tandem with
    passing shortwaves ejecting out of the Rockies. HREF blended mean
    QPF depicts a smattering of elevated precipitation outputs with
    1-2" totals littered across the High Plains from eastern WY and
    western SD down through KS/CO and portions of southwest TX. Some of
    the areas noted for potential impact have been hit recently, so
    local FFG's are lower than normal for the time frame meaning a bit
    easier chance at exceeding the FFG markers in place and creating
    isolated flash flood concerns. Threat is lower end compared to what
    has transpired in the past few days, but it is the beginning of
    what will be an active northwesterly flow pattern that could spawn
    multiple MCS's across the High Plains. The previous MRGL risk
    inherited was maintained with an extension north into the Badlands
    of SD and neighboring eastern WY.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Potent shortwave dropping out of western Canada will aid in
    regional amplification of the flow out ahead of the trough with
    increased ascent located within the diffluent area downstream into
    eastern MT and northern ND. Sufficient mid-level forcing and
    instability over the region will allow for scattered convection to
    materialize during peak diurnal destabilization, generating pockets
    of heavy rainfall during the late-morning into the early evening
    before instability wanes. Modest probs (30-50%) for >2" of rain
    exist within the latest 00z HREF neighborhood fields across the
    area of northeastern MT into the northern tier of ND with low end
    probabilities for >3" as some CAMs spawn supercells in-of the
    Northern High Plains. Previous MRGL was carried over into this
    update, but did expand the risk into MT to account for the heavy
    QPF distribution in the CAMs bleeding over into the area with
    similar FFG markers situated in the area.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    1930Z Update...

    Only minor modifications made to the Day 2 ERO, based on the
    latest (12Z) guidance, including the full CAM suite and HREF/RRFS
    QPF exceedance probabilities.

    Hurley

    Previous discussion below..

    ...Central and Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley...
    The morning period on Tuesday will be one to monitor as lingering
    heavy convection across the ArkLaTex to the I-20 corridor could
    enhance flash flood prospects early on in the forecast, a lingering
    potential that would carry out of the D1 period. Multiple CAMs and
    even the ML are suggesting heavy rains would carry over from the
    overnight period into early Tuesday morning with prob fields just
    north of the DFW metro actually quite impressive for >3" of
    additional rainfall in the 12z Tue to 00z Wed window, running
    between 30-60%. This would easily lend to flash flooding
    capabilities in the urban corridor, even some of the larger towns
    surrounding due to the prominent urban sprawl in place. This is
    certainly a period to watch as the evolution from the previous
    period will dictate the threat in the D2. For now, a SLGT risk was
    added to encompass the area of greatest concern for the front half
    of the period.

    As we head into the afternoon and evening hours, the mid and upper
    pattern across the Western and Central U.S. will setup into a
    persistent northwesterly flow regime with multiple shortwave
    ejections out of the Rockies allowing for a maturation of
    thunderstorms over the High Plains during peak diurnal instability.
    =46rom there, organization of thunderstorms are likely to occur as
    they migrate downstream and mature with sufficient mid-level shear
    presence to maintain any thunderstorm complex generation. This is a
    relatively classic MCS pattern for this time of the year with heavy
    rain prospects likely to occur from the Front Range down through
    KS/OK, eventually migrating into the Lower Mississippi Valley by
    the end of the forecast period. Totals on D2 are consistent
    within the means with 1-2" rainfall coverage encompassing a large
    portion of the Central High Plains down through OK. This puts
    emphasis on heavy rainfall over the western half of KS into OK for
    the period with a chance for locally 3+ inches in some of the
    hardest hit locations. These areas will have already been subject
    to heavy rainfall in recent periods, so grounds could still be
    somewhat saturated and more susceptible to flash flooding upfront.
    Given the consistent signal and ensemble QPF forecast, a SLGT risk
    was added across the above area with the heaviest rainfall likely
    to occur over western KS into northern OK.

    ...Eastern Virginia to southern portions of the DelMarVa...

    Shortwave ejecting out of the Tennessee Valley will make headway
    into the southern Mid Atlantic with several pieces of guidance
    indicating a small focused area of heavy rainfall across the
    Hampton Roads area of southeast Virginia. The approach of the
    shortwave trough is aiding in development of a surface low off the
    VA Capes leading to a narrow corridor of enhanced convergence
    across the Tidewater during the period Tuesday morning. CAMs are
    generally aggressive with local maxima between 2-3" across the
    Tidewater, an area more prone to flash flooding due to urbanization
    factors present. HREF neighborhood probabilities for >2" are up
    between 50-70% across the area, a threshold that would be
    sufficient for flash flood potential, especially when you combine
    the rate factors of 1-2"/hr most likely in the strongest cell
    cores given the suitable environment in place. Considering the
    probabilities and the expectation for locally heavy rainfall, a
    small MRGL risk was added over southeast VA to account for the
    threat.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    1930Z Update...

    Minor modifications made to the Day 3 ERO, based on the latest
    (12Z) guidance. One notable difference is extending the Slight and
    Marginal Risks farther southeast, closer to the central Gulf Coast
    region. Aloft, the upper level pattern will be quite difluent over
    the area, downstream of the upper ridge centered along the
    Mexican-U.S. border and south of the stronger westerlies. Even if
    south of the primary mid-level shortwave (meso- convectively
    aided), the guidance shows other perturbations within this difluent
    upper flow, while also a max PWAT axis of 1.75 to 2.00+ inches
    stretching to the central Gulf Coast. The more pronounced
    southeastward expansion was for the Marginal Risk (all the way to
    the Gulf Coast from southern MS-AL to the western FL Panhandle),
    which has support from the latest (12Z) UFVS-verified CSU first
    guess field.

    Hurley

    Previous discussion below..

    A repeat from the D2 pattern will ensue for the afternoon and
    evening time frame Wednesday with another round of upscale growth
    from convection that matures over the High Plains and slides
    southeast within the prevailing northwesterly flow aloft. This
    threat seems to have a bit more of an emphatic tone to it thanks to
    models depicting a stronger mid-level disturbance ejecting out of
    the Rockies this period which would provide greater magnitude for
    any organized convective regime that occurs. Models are also trying
    to focus some training convection across portions of the area
    between northeast OK into the Ozarks of MO/AR in conjunction to the
    previous complex moving through the area. Upwind vectors are
    favored for back-building potential in the region when assessing
    forecast soundings with some models incredibly aggressive with the
    QPF output in the time frame between 12z Wed and 00z Thu. There's
    still some discrepancy in the magnitude and exact placement of the training/back-building regime, however this is a pattern where a
    setup like this is favored, so it will bear watching. For the time
    being, a SLGT risk was added to D3 across the Central High Plains
    down through portions of the Southern Plains to the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The alignment of the risk matches the recent
    First Guess Fields for the period and correlates with the precip
    maximum positioned within the ECENS and EC-AIFS ensemble forecasts.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE OZARKS ON THURSDAY...

    2030Z Update...
    Few changes were needed to the previously-issued EROs/ERD. The
    overall pattern favors the highest risk of excessive rainfall on
    Day 4 over the central/southern Plains with a lesser chance
    extending as far westward as the Rockies Front Range and as far
    north as the Black Hills as weak shortwave energy ripples through a
    broad/flat trough. Excessive rainfall diminishes on Friday and
    shifts towards the Mid-Mississippi Valley and the Tennessee
    Valley. Placement of the Marginal still looks good there.

    Bann

    Previous Discussion...

    Day 4...By Thursday the upper pattern is expected to remain mostly
    zonal across the central U.S. as troughing exists over the Great
    Lakes and a deeper trough approaches the Pacific Northwest.
    Meanwhile, subtle shortwaves rounding an upper high over northern
    Mexico and eventually tracking eastward across the Great Basin and
    central Rockies Thursday will eject into the central Plains. A
    frontal boundary will also be positioned across the central Plains
    and connected to a surface low over the Great Lakes. This will
    provide a focus for scattered thunderstorms to occur over the
    central United States. Moisture is forecast to pool along this
    boundary and PWs should remain around 2", which will allow for any thunderstorms to contain intense rainfall rates. Latest
    deterministic and ensemble guidance highlight a swath of 2-3" QPF
    from central KS and northern OK to the mid-Mississippi Valley.
    Given the convective mode locally higher totals are expected. NBM
    and ECENS ensemble probabilities are 30-60% for at least 1" of
    rainfall in this region. Uncertainty remains with respect to
    mesoscale details and won't be resolved for a few more days, but
    synoptically there is potential for the frontal boundary and heavy
    rain to fall north of the current SLGT risk. This will be monitored
    with future updates. Additionally, this part of the country has
    received heavy rainfall recently and is forecast to receive more
    prior to the day 4 forecast period, so antecedent ground conditions
    will support the potential for scattered flash flooding.
    Increasing moisture and IVT over the central Great Basin provides
    some risk for rainfall and locally heavy rain over the sensitive
    slot canyon region of Utah and northern Arizona, but mean layer
    flow appears fast enough at the moment to limit the flash flood
    threat.

    Day 5...Deepening upper trough over the Pacific Northwest on Friday
    increases downstream ridging and shifts the heavy rainfall threat
    along the aforementioned frontal boundary east-northeast from the
    Ozarks to the Ohio Valley. Less signal and focus for heavy rainfall
    exists compared to day 4, thus the MRGL Risk in place. However, NBM
    and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain are between 20-40%
    and PWs do remain near the 90th climatological percentile, so
    future upgrades are possible should convection organize along the
    frontal boundary and overlap with wet antecedent ground conditions.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!74emPuSa1AoTKzVImKZRULJ5bvULlwjzg9U0ChH0_X72= AwfeTvr34lAqs3WmMRhzXdIdmeET3vRiDv42Bl9l8EW-wSI$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!74emPuSa1AoTKzVImKZRULJ5bvULlwjzg9U0ChH0_X72= AwfeTvr34lAqs3WmMRhzXdIdmeET3vRiDv42Bl9ly99GVSw$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!74emPuSa1AoTKzVImKZRULJ5bvULlwjzg9U0ChH0_X72= AwfeTvr34lAqs3WmMRhzXdIdmeET3vRiDv42Bl9lEWTH-jk$=20



    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 23, 2026 00:59:52
    FOUS30 KWBC 230059
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    859 PM EDT Mon Jun 22 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL STRETCHING FROM
    PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY,
    TENNESSEE VALLEY, LOWER OHIO VALLEY, AND THE MID ATLANTIC...

    01Z Update...
    Realigned the outlook areas from the Tennessee Valley/Ohio Valley
    northeastward based on radar and satellite trends from the
    afternoon into the evening. Convection developed along and ahead of
    a cold front and tapped into an airmass with precipitable water
    values approaching 2 inches from parts of the Ohio Valley into the
    Mid-Atlantic regions. The dynamics aloft and the low level cold front
    should allow for a gradual decrease in coverage and rainfall rates
    during the evening. Downgraded a few areas from the original Slight
    Risk but kept the Slight in effect where intense rainfall rates
    delivered spotty 2+ inch rainfall amounts and where radar still
    showed locally heavy rainfall (mainly in the Mid-Atlantic). Kept
    the Slight Risk from the Tennessee Valley into the Southern Plains
    where models develop additional convection overnight...especially
    where the model QPF footprint overlaps with the area soaked in the
    past week (especially towards the Gulf coast). No significant
    changes were made to the placement of the Marginal risk area to the
    lee of the Rockies or across parts of Montana/North Dakota.

    Bann

    1800Z Update...
    Non-routine update to the Day 1 ERO to remove the Moderate Risk
    area post-MCV, again based on the current observational and
    guidance trends (including recent HRRRs).

    Hurley

    Original Discussion...
    ...Southern Plains to Tennessee Valley...
    Current WV satellite and UA analysis depicts a potent mid-level
    shortwave sliding southeast through the Central and Southern High
    Plains with eyes likely downstream into the Lower Mississippi
    Valley and southwestern Tennessee Valley as we move through the
    morning and afternoon Monday. Favorable boundary layer instability
    presence across much of the Southern Plains into the Southeastern
    CONUS will benefit periods of heavy rainfall during the period with
    a likely impact beginning early in the forecast period with a
    secondary batch likely to ensue the following evening. At the
    surface, surface wave will be located across OK in conjunction
    with an organized area of thunderstorms migrating southeast through
    the region overnight. A bit further east into the Ozarks and
    eastern OK, a slow-moving cold front will shift through the region
    overnight with increasing convergence likely to occur between the complex/surface wave and the front as it heads into central OK.
    Instability maximum over eastern OK into AR on the order of
    2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE will aid in the necessary component to
    initiate more thunderstorm activity as the convergence regime
    materializes with likely a long stretch of heavy convection
    orienting from south-central OK back into southwest TN by sunrise.
    PWAT anomalies between +1 to +2 deviations off the latest NAEFS
    indicate a deep moist convective environment situated over the area
    ahead of the front with the combination of both favorable
    instability and 2+ inch PWATs set to provide effective warm rain
    processes capable of producing efficient heavy rainfall that can
    spur flash flood capabilities.

    Recent 00z HREF outputs are pretty aggressive with scattered areas
    of 2-3" of precipitation anticipated in the means across the
    ArkLaTex through central and southern AR into southwest TN and
    western MS. A good portion of this rainfall is likely to occur in
    the first half of the period as the expected QLCS development will
    encroach the area and provide significant rainfall over the above
    locations. The disturbance over OK is forecast to utilize the
    positioning of the front as a focal point for the wave as model
    guidance agrees on the surface wave riding eastward along the front
    as it begins to enter eastern OK, eventually making headway into
    the Lower Tennessee Valley and MS Delta. Indications are for a
    small corridor between northeast AR through southwest TN into the
    Mississippi Delta to see a training episode materialize in the
    morning with neighborhood probs for >3" highlighting that zone with
    50-70% probabilities. Some of the deterministic is very bullish
    within this general area noting totals of 4-6" in an isolated
    coverage with 2-4" more representative of an areal average. This
    expands back into central and southern AR as the complex of
    organized thunderstorms will likely slide south through Little Rock
    and surrounding areas creating a busy morning for flash flood
    prospects. This will likely expand into OK as the front location
    will be the main factor on where heavy precipitation would occur.
    In this case, the entire area is within a broad SLGT risk with a
    higher-end SLGT forecast across the above area between eastern OK
    into southwest TN and northern MS.

    As the complex of thunderstorms begins to peter off in the
    afternoon, another round of convection will spawn in-of the
    ArkLaTex into the eastern Red River area between OK/TX the
    following evening as a nocturnal LLJ develops after 23z with
    increasing convergence along the back edge of the front located in
    the area. There's still some discrepancy on the exact placement of
    the front, however there's enough consensus on the second round of
    convection to warrant attention to the prospects of flash flood
    potential into that area of the ArkLaTex to perhaps as far west as
    the I-35 corridor in southern OK towards the DFW metro. As of now,
    thunderstorm development is likely with training potential
    increasingly favored in the area as storm development will likely
    anchor to the front as mid-level flow aligns parallel to the
    boundary with surface convergence maximized along the front. A
    slow-moving axis of thunderstorms is a more textbook way for
    greater flash flood potential, especially in speaking in spatial
    terms as there will likely be a large area encompassed within this
    second round of convective development over that referenced
    corridor. If this were to make headway into I-20, this would likely
    result in numerous flash floods given the environment in place
    with rates between 2-3"/hr at peak intensity likely to occur. As of
    now, placed the region within the broad high-end SLGT forecast,
    but will have to monitor the CAMs closely over the course of the D1
    to see if a targeted upgrade may be necessary for this band of
    heavy rainfall potential.

    ...Central Appalachians to Northeast U.S...
    Surface low currently analyzed over the western Ohio Valley will
    gradually lift to the east-northeast with an expectation for the
    low center to exit off the northern Mid Atlantic coast, dragging a
    cold front through the Mid Atlantic and Ohio Valley and lifting a
    warm front ahead of the disturbance. The current indications are
    for convection to spawn over the eastern Ohio Valley by the early-
    afternoon as mid-level ascent and increased surface forcing aided
    by the cold front and area of low pressure will trigger convective
    initiation just upstream of the terrain in WV and western PA. This
    area of thunderstorms will migrate eastward, entering a favorable
    environment within a modest warm sector as you move east of the
    Appalachian front. Shear profiles across the Mid Atlantic are
    anticipated to be greatest north of the Mason Dixon, however shear
    magnitudes are still capable for enabling stronger mid-level
    mesocyclones to materialize and hold as far south as I-66 leading
    to prospects for heavier thunderstorms to hold across the urban
    corridor extending from northern VA up through NYC and western LI.
    HREF probs for >1" are pretty high for both the neighborhood and
    EAS fields meaning there's a consensus for areas of heavy rainfall
    to impact much of the Mid Atlantic with the most pronounced
    signatures into the Central Appalachians and the urban centers,
    both are which are susceptible to flash flood concerns. Antecedent
    soil moisture is dry, so the initial burst of rainfall will be
    beneficial to those areas not tied completely by urban
    infrastructure, however, there's a sufficient signal in the QPF
    means to maintain the previous SLGT risk inherited for the region
    as 00z CAMs maintained their depictions on a multi-round cycle of
    convection moving into the area with pockets of 2-3+" forecast
    across portions of the aforementioned areas.

    ...New England...
    Shortwave ahead of an approaching disturbance from the southwest
    will enter the region by late-morning into the afternoon with
    scattered to widespread showers with isolated pockets of thunder
    for the initial wave of precipitation during the period. A second
    wave of precipitation with higher convective potential will enter
    the area by the second half of the afternoon and evening with
    heavier rain threat poised to impact portions of central and
    northern New England with southern New England likely to see more
    of a benefit from the approaching surface low and associated
    warm/cold front evolution. Areas of northern and central New
    England are forecast to see the most rainfall of the setup, however
    the instability gradient will likely be better situated south of
    the region as boundary layer theta_E's are likely just below the
    necessary magnitude to embrace a heavier convective footprint.
    Still, local pockets of >1"/hr are plausible over New England,
    north of I-90 with a greater potential for 1-2"/hr closer to the
    interstate and points southeast. Antecedent soils in southern New
    England are very dry currently with the watershed running well-
    below normal which should curb a more pronounced flash flood
    prospect with generally isolated flash flood signals in more
    urbanized settings. With that, the MRGL risk inherited remains
    forecast for much of New England.

    ...Front Range and Central High Plains...
    Defined theta_E ridge positioned over the Central to Southern High
    Plains will lead to an axis of relatively unstable boundary layer
    conditions conducive for convective generation in tandem with
    passing shortwaves ejecting out of the Rockies. HREF blended mean
    QPF depicts a smattering of elevated precipitation outputs with
    1-2" totals littered across the High Plains from eastern WY and
    western SD down through KS/CO and portions of southwest TX. Some of
    the areas noted for potential impact have been hit recently, so
    local FFG's are lower than normal for the time frame meaning a bit
    easier chance at exceeding the FFG markers in place and creating
    isolated flash flood concerns. Threat is lower end compared to what
    has transpired in the past few days, but it is the beginning of
    what will be an active northwesterly flow pattern that could spawn
    multiple MCS's across the High Plains. The previous MRGL risk
    inherited was maintained with an extension north into the Badlands
    of SD and neighboring eastern WY.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Potent shortwave dropping out of western Canada will aid in
    regional amplification of the flow out ahead of the trough with
    increased ascent located within the diffluent area downstream into
    eastern MT and northern ND. Sufficient mid-level forcing and
    instability over the region will allow for scattered convection to
    materialize during peak diurnal destabilization, generating pockets
    of heavy rainfall during the late-morning into the early evening
    before instability wanes. Modest probs (30-50%) for >2" of rain
    exist within the latest 00z HREF neighborhood fields across the
    area of northeastern MT into the northern tier of ND with low end
    probabilities for >3" as some CAMs spawn supercells in-of the
    Northern High Plains. Previous MRGL was carried over into this
    update, but did expand the risk into MT to account for the heavy
    QPF distribution in the CAMs bleeding over into the area with
    similar FFG markers situated in the area.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    1930Z Update...

    Only minor modifications made to the Day 2 ERO, based on the
    latest (12Z) guidance, including the full CAM suite and HREF/RRFS
    QPF exceedance probabilities.

    Hurley

    Previous discussion below..
    ...Central and Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley...
    The morning period on Tuesday will be one to monitor as lingering
    heavy convection across the ArkLaTex to the I-20 corridor could
    enhance flash flood prospects early on in the forecast, a lingering
    potential that would carry out of the D1 period. Multiple CAMs and
    even the ML are suggesting heavy rains would carry over from the
    overnight period into early Tuesday morning with prob fields just
    north of the DFW metro actually quite impressive for >3" of
    additional rainfall in the 12z Tue to 00z Wed window, running
    between 30-60%. This would easily lend to flash flooding
    capabilities in the urban corridor, even some of the larger towns
    surrounding due to the prominent urban sprawl in place. This is
    certainly a period to watch as the evolution from the previous
    period will dictate the threat in the D2. For now, a SLGT risk was
    added to encompass the area of greatest concern for the front half
    of the period.

    As we head into the afternoon and evening hours, the mid and upper
    pattern across the Western and Central U.S. will setup into a
    persistent northwesterly flow regime with multiple shortwave
    ejections out of the Rockies allowing for a maturation of
    thunderstorms over the High Plains during peak diurnal instability.
    =46rom there, organization of thunderstorms are likely to occur as
    they migrate downstream and mature with sufficient mid-level shear
    presence to maintain any thunderstorm complex generation. This is a
    relatively classic MCS pattern for this time of the year with heavy
    rain prospects likely to occur from the Front Range down through
    KS/OK, eventually migrating into the Lower Mississippi Valley by
    the end of the forecast period. Totals on D2 are consistent
    within the means with 1-2" rainfall coverage encompassing a large
    portion of the Central High Plains down through OK. This puts
    emphasis on heavy rainfall over the western half of KS into OK for
    the period with a chance for locally 3+ inches in some of the
    hardest hit locations. These areas will have already been subject
    to heavy rainfall in recent periods, so grounds could still be
    somewhat saturated and more susceptible to flash flooding upfront.
    Given the consistent signal and ensemble QPF forecast, a SLGT risk
    was added across the above area with the heaviest rainfall likely
    to occur over western KS into northern OK.

    ...Eastern Virginia to southern portions of the DelMarVa...
    Shortwave ejecting out of the Tennessee Valley will make headway
    into the southern Mid Atlantic with several pieces of guidance
    indicating a small focused area of heavy rainfall across the
    Hampton Roads area of southeast Virginia. The approach of the
    shortwave trough is aiding in development of a surface low off the
    VA Capes leading to a narrow corridor of enhanced convergence
    across the Tidewater during the period Tuesday morning. CAMs are
    generally aggressive with local maxima between 2-3" across the
    Tidewater, an area more prone to flash flooding due to urbanization
    factors present. HREF neighborhood probabilities for >2" are up
    between 50-70% across the area, a threshold that would be
    sufficient for flash flood potential, especially when you combine
    the rate factors of 1-2"/hr most likely in the strongest cell
    cores given the suitable environment in place. Considering the
    probabilities and the expectation for locally heavy rainfall, a
    small MRGL risk was added over southeast VA to account for the
    threat.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    1930Z Update...

    Minor modifications made to the Day 3 ERO, based on the latest
    (12Z) guidance. One notable difference is extending the Slight and
    Marginal Risks farther southeast, closer to the central Gulf Coast
    region. Aloft, the upper level pattern will be quite difluent over
    the area, downstream of the upper ridge centered along the
    Mexican-U.S. border and south of the stronger westerlies. Even if
    south of the primary mid-level shortwave (meso- convectively
    aided), the guidance shows other perturbations within this difluent
    upper flow, while also a max PWAT axis of 1.75 to 2.00+ inches
    stretching to the central Gulf Coast. The more pronounced
    southeastward expansion was for the Marginal Risk (all the way to
    the Gulf Coast from southern MS-AL to the western FL Panhandle),
    which has support from the latest (12Z) UFVS-verified CSU first
    guess field.

    Hurley

    Previous discussion below..
    A repeat from the D2 pattern will ensue for the afternoon and
    evening time frame Wednesday with another round of upscale growth
    from convection that matures over the High Plains and slides
    southeast within the prevailing northwesterly flow aloft. This
    threat seems to have a bit more of an emphatic tone to it thanks to
    models depicting a stronger mid-level disturbance ejecting out of
    the Rockies this period which would provide greater magnitude for
    any organized convective regime that occurs. Models are also trying
    to focus some training convection across portions of the area
    between northeast OK into the Ozarks of MO/AR in conjunction to the
    previous complex moving through the area. Upwind vectors are
    favored for back-building potential in the region when assessing
    forecast soundings with some models incredibly aggressive with the
    QPF output in the time frame between 12z Wed and 00z Thu. There's
    still some discrepancy in the magnitude and exact placement of the training/back-building regime, however this is a pattern where a
    setup like this is favored, so it will bear watching. For the time
    being, a SLGT risk was added to D3 across the Central High Plains
    down through portions of the Southern Plains to the Lower
    Mississippi Valley. The alignment of the risk matches the recent
    First Guess Fields for the period and correlates with the precip
    maximum positioned within the ECENS and EC-AIFS ensemble forecasts.
    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FROM PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS TO THE OZARKS ON THURSDAY...

    2030Z Update...
    Few changes were needed to the previously-issued EROs/ERD. The
    overall pattern favors the highest risk of excessive rainfall on
    Day 4 over the central/southern Plains with a lesser chance
    extending as far westward as the Rockies Front Range and as far
    north as the Black Hills as weak shortwave energy ripples through a
    broad/flat trough. Excessive rainfall diminishes on Friday and
    shifts towards the Mid-Mississippi Valley and the Tennessee
    Valley. Placement of the Marginal still looks good there.

    Bann
    Day 4...By Thursday the upper pattern is expected to remain mostly
    zonal across the central U.S. as troughing exists over the Great
    Lakes and a deeper trough approaches the Pacific Northwest.
    Meanwhile, subtle shortwaves rounding an upper high over northern
    Mexico and eventually tracking eastward across the Great Basin and
    central Rockies Thursday will eject into the central Plains. A
    frontal boundary will also be positioned across the central Plains
    and connected to a surface low over the Great Lakes. This will
    provide a focus for scattered thunderstorms to occur over the
    central United States. Moisture is forecast to pool along this
    boundary and PWs should remain around 2", which will allow for any thunderstorms to contain intense rainfall rates. Latest
    deterministic and ensemble guidance highlight a swath of 2-3" QPF
    from central KS and northern OK to the mid-Mississippi Valley.
    Given the convective mode locally higher totals are expected. NBM
    and ECENS ensemble probabilities are 30-60% for at least 1" of
    rainfall in this region. Uncertainty remains with respect to
    mesoscale details and won't be resolved for a few more days, but
    synoptically there is potential for the frontal boundary and heavy
    rain to fall north of the current SLGT risk. This will be monitored
    with future updates. Additionally, this part of the country has
    received heavy rainfall recently and is forecast to receive more
    prior to the day 4 forecast period, so antecedent ground conditions
    will support the potential for scattered flash flooding.
    Increasing moisture and IVT over the central Great Basin provides
    some risk for rainfall and locally heavy rain over the sensitive
    slot canyon region of Utah and northern Arizona, but mean layer
    flow appears fast enough at the moment to limit the flash flood
    threat.
    Day 5...Deepening upper trough over the Pacific Northwest on Friday
    increases downstream ridging and shifts the heavy rainfall threat
    along the aforementioned frontal boundary east-northeast from the
    Ozarks to the Ohio Valley. Less signal and focus for heavy rainfall
    exists compared to day 4, thus the MRGL Risk in place. However, NBM
    and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain are between 20-40%
    and PWs do remain near the 90th climatological percentile, so
    future upgrades are possible should convection organize along the
    frontal boundary and overlap with wet antecedent ground conditions.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9PaQQmGag2ZVRX-Tc9IOPcFYpgQA8C03ACBkCyYyX44r= 8Aa_Lg-jb-Sz3c96R0IEjTaWeSMf_301nlvKbMSqHtXfW1g$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9PaQQmGag2ZVRX-Tc9IOPcFYpgQA8C03ACBkCyYyX44r= 8Aa_Lg-jb-Sz3c96R0IEjTaWeSMf_301nlvKbMSq0dE-3yw$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!9PaQQmGag2ZVRX-Tc9IOPcFYpgQA8C03ACBkCyYyX44r= 8Aa_Lg-jb-Sz3c96R0IEjTaWeSMf_301nlvKbMSqA8U4G-U$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 23, 2026 07:58:41
    FOUS30 KWBC 230758
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    358 AM EDT Tue Jun 23 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Central and Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley...

    Current radar and IR satellite composite depict an ongoing
    convective scheme within proximity of a quasi-stationary front
    bisecting the ArkLaTex through the Red River basin and adjacent
    Lower Mississippi Valley. Locally heavy rainfall has been occurring
    over the area outlined with cells pulsing up and down between
    1-2"/hr, at times leading to totals breaching 1" in spots as we
    move through the overnight period. Some of these areas have already
    seen 1-2" of rain prior to this setup meaning some of the top soil
    layers becoming a bit more compromised than normal. This area in
    particular will be under the threat of training convection due to
    the anchoring of thunderstorms along the front and the mean winds
    running more parallel to the boundary leading to slower storm
    motions and repeated impacts. The hi-res suite has done a solid job
    indicating this particular threat lingering through the morning
    hours which would maintain an elevated flash flood threat over the
    region prior to the remainder of the D1 potential, which remains
    active throughout. Additional rainfall totals between I-20 and the
    Red River over into the heart of the ArkLaTex could easily reach
    2-4", locally higher between now and 16z before the setup finally
    wanes as noted via the recent CAMs. However, this might not be the
    last rainfall this area receives during the period.

    As we head into the afternoon and evening hours, the mid and upper
    pattern across the Western and Central U.S. will setup into a
    persistent northwesterly flow regime with multiple shortwave
    ejections out of the Rockies allowing for a maturation of
    thunderstorms over the High Plains during peak diurnal instability.
    =46rom there, organization of thunderstorms are likely to occur as
    they migrate downstream and mature with sufficient mid-level shear
    presence to maintain any thunderstorm complex generation. This is a
    relatively classic MCS pattern for this time of the year with heavy
    rain prospects likely to occur from the Front Range down through
    KS/OK, eventually migrating into the Lower Mississippi Valley by
    the end of the forecast period. Totals on D1 are consistent within
    the means with 1-2" rainfall coverage encompassing a large portion
    of the Central High Plains down through OK. This puts emphasis on
    heavy rainfall over the western half of KS into OK for the period
    with a chance for locally 3+ inches in some of the hardest hit
    locations. These areas will have already been subject to heavy
    rainfall in recent periods, so grounds could still be somewhat
    saturated and more susceptible to flash flooding upfront. 00z HREF
    EAS probs for >1" are greatest (20-50%) across much of Central and
    Western OK, extending down towards the Red River between just east
    of Wichita Falls to the ArkLaTex. Neighborhood probs are elevated
    between 40-70% for >2" with modest probs at >3" potential and low-
    end >5" probs still progged over western OK and over the ArkLaTex.
    The latter is likely a combination of both the overnight and
    morning convection to start the period, followed by another round
    possible late in the period as we move into early Wednesday
    morning. This is something we'll have to monitor closely for any
    targeted upgrades, pending what occurs initially and what could
    transpire early Wednesday morning. Given the consistent signal HREF
    probs forecast, a SLGT risk was maintained across the above area
    with a high-end SLGT forecast across the ArkLaTex and eastern Red
    River basin in southeast OK and northeast TX.

    ...Eastern Virginia to southern portions of the DelMarVa...

    Current WV satellite and UA analysis indicates a quick-moving
    shortwave sliding east-northeast through the Tennessee Valley with
    sights on the southern Mid Atlantic as we move into the morning
    hours, Tuesday. Current progs are for the shortwave to eject off
    the VA Capes with a surface low forecast off the southeast VA
    coast. Prior to the full ejection, sufficiently buoyant environment
    located across the coastal Mid Atlantic along with increasing mid-
    level forcing will enhance one last round of convective activity
    over the southern Mid Atlantic with spells of heavy rainfall
    forecast over northern NC up through southern and central VA to the
    Lower Delmarva and VA Tidewater. 00z HREF mean QPF is generally in
    the 1-2" range with deterministic outputs correlating with 2-4"
    maxima located over the aforementioned region from I-95 between
    Richmond to Raleigh and points east. Heaviest footprint is likely
    to be over the Tidewater region where a prolonged low-level
    convergence regime between a pre-frontal trough and eventual cold
    front passage Tuesday afternoon will allow for lingering convection
    over the region prior to the front finally sweeping everything off
    the coast. HREF neighborhood probs for >3" are between 40-60%
    along the I-95 stretch of southern VA to northern NC and 50-80%
    located over the Lower Delmarva into the Tidewater. Despite the
    drier antecedent soils leading in, rainfall from the previous
    period and rates likely to exceed 2"/hr in the strongest cells will
    be sufficient in causing isolated to widely scattered flash flood
    prospects in the area. Highest threat will be along I-95 and the
    immediate Hampton Roads/Virginia Beach area due to the
    urbanization factors, but the threat is still prevalent just
    outside those two zones. In coordination with the Wakefield, VA
    office, have added a small SLGT risk to the Tidewater area
    encompassing VA Beach and the Hampton Roads area due to heightened
    concerns given already occurring flash flooding today and the
    urbanized factors referenced above. The MRGL expands out away from
    the SLGT to include the Lower Delmarva out into parts of southern
    VA, mainly south of the Northern Neck.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...High Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley...

    Persistence in the upper level setup across the CONUS will lead to
    another day of northwesterly flow over the Front Range to Lower
    Mississippi leading to convection taking similar trajectories for
    the period. Consensus is for the initial portion of the forecast to
    focus over the Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley as the
    initial complex at the end of D1 will likely traverse southeast
    through OK into AR/LA, eventually ending as it motions into
    Mississippi by later Wednesday morning. Heavy rain threat will
    follow the complex as it maneuvers southeastward with some guidance
    igniting the complex over LA/MS as it enters a better environment
    and we see a build-up of instability through the early daytime
    hours. Progressive nature of any thunderstorm activity will likely
    preclude more ominous flash flood concerns, however these areas
    have seen their share of flash flooding the past week, so the areas
    where any complex moves across will have some susceptibility to
    hydro concerns. Initial 12hrs in the forecast period (12z Wed - 00z
    Thu) have a solid signal within the CAMs for heavy rain totals
    across the aforementioned corridor between eastern OK to south-
    central MS, backed up by modest neighborhood probs from the
    correlated HREF signaling >60% chance for at least 2" and 30-50%
    for at least 3" in the above zone(s). Given the state of the soils
    and lower FFG's than normal over the region, the prospects for
    flash flooding a bit higher than normal which led to a maintenance
    of the SLGT risk inherited over the area.

    Moving further northwest, a repeat from the previous period will
    ensue by the late-afternoon time frame as yet another shortwave
    will eject out of the High Plains of WY and initiate another round
    of organized convection over the High Plains between WY/NE,
    pushing south-southeast as it maintains prevalence within the mean northwesterly flow between the stout ridge over the Southwest U.S.
    and the longwave trough centered over the Northern Plains. Heavy
    rain footprint will follow a similar line to the D1 period with the
    core of heaviest rain likely to fall across northeast CO,
    southwest NE, and western KS during the nocturnal period between
    00-12z Thursday. Totals of 1-2" will be common in wake of the
    thunderstorms, however local totals will once again be pushed
    closer to 3-5" in the hardest hit locations. Latest ECMWF EFI
    indices are signaling anomalous QPF distributions within that
    general zone, as well, which matches up with the heavier QPF
    depictions we see within the global deterministic and regional
    model guidance. As a result, the SLGT was kept over the area with
    little deviation in the previous positioning.

    ...Southwest U.S...

    Anomalous mid and upper level moisture will be advected over the
    Southwestern U.S. as we move into Wednesday as prevailing
    southwesterly flow around the western flank of the ridge over
    northern Mexico will help usher in warm, moist Pacific airmass
    centered off Baja. The addition of elevated moisture into the
    region coupled with intense heating across the Desert Southwest
    will lead to increased boundary layer instability and the ability
    to generate afternoon convection for the first time in a while over
    the deserts of southern CA into the Great Basin by Wednesday
    afternoon. Models are not too enthused by sense of magnitude,
    however with PWAT anomalies pushing +2 to +3 standard deviations
    across the area by the afternoon period, it stands to reason that
    some of the convection could be sufficient in causing localized
    flash flood prospects over those more prone areas like slot
    canyons in the interior and flashier portions of southern CA. A
    MRGL risk was added for the low-end threat with emphasis on the
    terrain in AZ, deserts of southern CA, and slot canyon areas within
    NV/UT/AZ.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO MID-MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    Longwave pattern across the western two-thirds of the CONUS will
    shift as a strong mid-level trough enters the Pacific Northwest and
    begins flattening the ridge axis positioned across the
    Southwestern U.S. This will lead to a more zonal regime to setup
    from the Central Rockies to the Mid-Mississippi Valley by Thursday,
    setting the stage for a potentially significant heavy rainfall
    threat across portions of the Central and Southern Plains between
    KS/northern OK over into MO and western Ohio Valley. At the
    surface, a quasi-stationary front will be progged over southern KS
    stretching eastward through MO before hooking back to the northeast
    as a cold front on the trailing end of a low motioning up through
    eastern Ontario. A strong mid-level vort will eject out of the
    Central Rockies and migrate eastward within the mean flow, allowing
    for lee cyclogenesis to occur over KS as we move into Thursday
    afternoon. The forecast is for the surface wave to motion eastward
    along the boundary with thunderstorm initiation transpiring across
    the Central Plains by late-Thursday afternoon. As we move into the
    evening, additional LLJ support will provide better low-level shear
    and provide enhanced convergence within the proximity of the
    front. This is a relatively classic scenario for a training axis of
    heavy convection, especially when you couple with PWATs likely
    between 1.7-2.0", a solid +1 to +2 standard deviations above
    climatology for the region.

    Models are persistent in their interpretation for an axis of heavy precipitation likely causing several inches of rain to fall in the
    time of late-Thursday afternoon through the overnight period into
    Friday. Deterministic outputs are a bit offset from each other on
    exact placement of the heaviest rainfall, however ensembles are
    closer in their alignment when assessing the recent QPF outputs.
    The ML outputs, especially the EC-AIFS and its ensemble are
    consistently further south with eyes on southeastern KS through
    southern MO into the confluence of the rivers near the
    Mississippi/Ohio. This has been a steady state over the past
    several runs which usually indicates the ML guidance might be on to
    the next trend of the deterministic. This is also the trend
    recently in guidance is a southern shift in the short term as
    frontal progression usually digs further south than forecast at the
    medium range and instability maximum in conjunction with organized
    convection follows suit. The current forecast SLGT risk was
    relatively maintained as it followed the prospectus trend
    anticipated, however did expand a bit on the northern and eastern
    periphery to account for the latest QPF distribution and mean error
    of fronts at 3+ day leads.

    ...Interior West...

    Multiple shortwaves and elevated moisture presence across the
    Interior Mountain West will likely lead to another afternoon and
    early evening of scattered convection with localized flash flood
    concerns on Thursday. The threat remains low-end for the time being
    given the current QPF outputs, however this could still provide
    some isolated flash flood prospects in those terrain focused zones
    across UT/CO, as well as any heavy rain encounters in the favored
    slot canyon areas littered over western CO into UT. A MRGL risk was
    expanded westward to account for the threat and recent QPF trends
    in the guidance.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 28 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND OHIO VALLEY ON FRIDAY AS WELL AS PARTS
    OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS ON SATURDAY...

    Day 4...Deepening upper trough over the Pacific Northwest on Friday
    increases downstream ridging within a mostly zonal flow regime east
    of the Rockies to the start the forecast period and shifts the
    heavy rainfall threat along the a quasi-stationary frontal boundary
    east- northeast from the Ozarks to the Upper Ohio Valley. PWs are
    expected to be modest around 2" and between the 75th-90th
    percentile. Ensemble clusters 75th percentile QPF are generally
    1-3", but with some spread in location between a focus over the
    Midwest or over the upper Ohio Valley and central Appalachians. NBM
    and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain are between 30-60%
    between MO and southwest PA. Additionally, westerly mid-level flow
    parallel to the aforementioned boundary does bring the potential
    for training thunderstorms and increases the risk for at least
    scattered flash flooding. A MRGL risk was maintained for now given
    some lingering location uncertainty at this range, but an upgrade
    to a SLGT risk is possible with future updates.

    Day 5...By Saturday the trough over the Pacific Northwest deepens
    significantly (below the 1st climatological percentile per the 00Z
    ECMWF) and further increases the upper ridging downstream over the Midwest/Great Lakes. Heavy rainfall remains possible along the
    frontal boundary draped over the Ohio Valley, but even more
    uncertainty exists at this range given the western edge of the
    front will be lifting northward. However, more certainty with
    respect to potentially heavy rain exists over the northern Plains
    as a leading shortwave ejects north-northeast over the region and
    within the left-exit region of a strengthening upper jet streaking
    above the northern Rockies. A warm front is also expected to remain
    nearby and extend from the northern High Plains to the Midwest.
    This will allow for thunderstorms to potentially focus along or
    become elevated to the north-northeast of the boundary and tap into
    PWs above 1.5". Global deterministic guidance depicts 2-4" of
    rainfall is possible, with NBM and ECENS probabilities for at least
    1" in 24-hrs around 30-70% (highest in ND). This prompts a MRGL
    risk and allows for potential upgrades should confidence increase
    in amounts above 3" and greater location certainty.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4WKNs7JxsKBH5bRCXgtjq5MaiwlJV6nuJ0vEAC3Hw7Gd= _zt2xdeHQ4XVRMor1QsXV9jdpt5rRkfBRM2XVeEyNU-B2-8$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4WKNs7JxsKBH5bRCXgtjq5MaiwlJV6nuJ0vEAC3Hw7Gd= _zt2xdeHQ4XVRMor1QsXV9jdpt5rRkfBRM2XVeEyhM43NJ8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4WKNs7JxsKBH5bRCXgtjq5MaiwlJV6nuJ0vEAC3Hw7Gd= _zt2xdeHQ4XVRMor1QsXV9jdpt5rRkfBRM2XVeEyhqCz-Bc$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 23, 2026 15:59:27
    FOUS30 KWBC 231559
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1159 AM EDT Tue Jun 23 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER RED RIVER
    VALLEY AS WELL AS SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA...

    ...Central and Southern Plains through Lower Mississippi Valley...

    As of 16Z...Organized heavy rain over OK from strong southerly flow
    over a frontal zone. Prior extreme rainfall near Texarkana has
    shifted to the northeast into OK, but may get impacted again this
    overnight from organized activity originating from storms currently
    along the western Neb/KS border. That may be progressive, so a
    Moderate does not seem needed at this time.

    Southern/central OK is under imminent heavy rain concern through
    early afternoon given thunderstorm clusters along the TX
    Panhandle/OK border shifting south-southeast while the activity
    from Texarkana over southeast OK propagates north-northeast. This
    area is considered to be an enhanced area in the Slight Risk, but
    also not a Moderate at this time. Will note that 12Z CAMs are
    struggling with the western OK/TX Panhandle activity, so for now
    the Slight Risk was expanded west a bit.

    Northwest flow around the high centered over far west Texas will
    drive the aforementioned MCS activity tonight across KS, OK through
    the lower Red River Valley. This should be progressive, but could
    further complicate excessive rainfall concerns over areas hit by
    heavy rain through this afternoon.

    Further activity from the Front Range/northern Sangre de Cristos
    will shift onto the high plains overnight as well. The Slight Risk
    was expanded west and north a bit. Meanwhile the Marginal was
    removed from northeast Nebraska based on 12Z CAMs and radar trends.

    ...Central North Carolina through Eastern Virginia and the
    DelMarVa...
    Scattered heavy thunderstorms in central NC shift northeast through
    the afternoon and perhaps hang on around Hampton Roads this
    evening, this activity is ahead of a mid level trough axis over the
    VA/NC Piedmont. Expanded the Marginal Risk to cover the current
    activity into NC and expanded north into southern NJ based on 12Z
    and later CAMs. A forthcoming MPD (#507) will have further details.
    Given the urban areas and PW at least two sigma above normal, the
    Slight Risk was maintained.
    Jackson
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...High Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley...

    Persistence in the upper level setup across the CONUS will lead to
    another day of northwesterly flow over the Front Range to Lower
    Mississippi leading to convection taking similar trajectories for
    the period. Consensus is for the initial portion of the forecast to
    focus over the Southern Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley as the
    initial complex at the end of D1 will likely traverse southeast
    through OK into AR/LA, eventually ending as it motions into
    Mississippi by later Wednesday morning. Heavy rain threat will
    follow the complex as it maneuvers southeastward with some guidance
    igniting the complex over LA/MS as it enters a better environment
    and we see a build-up of instability through the early daytime
    hours. Progressive nature of any thunderstorm activity will likely
    preclude more ominous flash flood concerns, however these areas
    have seen their share of flash flooding the past week, so the areas
    where any complex moves across will have some susceptibility to
    hydro concerns. Initial 12hrs in the forecast period (12z Wed - 00z
    Thu) have a solid signal within the CAMs for heavy rain totals
    across the aforementioned corridor between eastern OK to south-
    central MS, backed up by modest neighborhood probs from the
    correlated HREF signaling >60% chance for at least 2" and 30-50%
    for at least 3" in the above zone(s). Given the state of the soils
    and lower FFG's than normal over the region, the prospects for
    flash flooding a bit higher than normal which led to a maintenance
    of the SLGT risk inherited over the area.

    Moving further northwest, a repeat from the previous period will
    ensue by the late-afternoon time frame as yet another shortwave
    will eject out of the High Plains of WY and initiate another round
    of organized convection over the High Plains between WY/NE,
    pushing south-southeast as it maintains prevalence within the mean northwesterly flow between the stout ridge over the Southwest U.S.
    and the longwave trough centered over the Northern Plains. Heavy
    rain footprint will follow a similar line to the D1 period with the
    core of heaviest rain likely to fall across northeast CO,
    southwest NE, and western KS during the nocturnal period between
    00-12z Thursday. Totals of 1-2" will be common in wake of the
    thunderstorms, however local totals will once again be pushed
    closer to 3-5" in the hardest hit locations. Latest ECMWF EFI
    indices are signaling anomalous QPF distributions within that
    general zone, as well, which matches up with the heavier QPF
    depictions we see within the global deterministic and regional
    model guidance. As a result, the SLGT was kept over the area with
    little deviation in the previous positioning.

    ...Southwest U.S...

    Anomalous mid and upper level moisture will be advected over the
    Southwestern U.S. as we move into Wednesday as prevailing
    southwesterly flow around the western flank of the ridge over
    northern Mexico will help usher in warm, moist Pacific airmass
    centered off Baja. The addition of elevated moisture into the
    region coupled with intense heating across the Desert Southwest
    will lead to increased boundary layer instability and the ability
    to generate afternoon convection for the first time in a while over
    the deserts of southern CA into the Great Basin by Wednesday
    afternoon. Models are not too enthused by sense of magnitude,
    however with PWAT anomalies pushing +2 to +3 standard deviations
    across the area by the afternoon period, it stands to reason that
    some of the convection could be sufficient in causing localized
    flash flood prospects over those more prone areas like slot
    canyons in the interior and flashier portions of southern CA. A
    MRGL risk was added for the low-end threat with emphasis on the
    terrain in AZ, deserts of southern CA, and slot canyon areas within
    NV/UT/AZ.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO MID-MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    Longwave pattern across the western two-thirds of the CONUS will
    shift as a strong mid-level trough enters the Pacific Northwest and
    begins flattening the ridge axis positioned across the
    Southwestern U.S. This will lead to a more zonal regime to setup
    from the Central Rockies to the Mid-Mississippi Valley by Thursday,
    setting the stage for a potentially significant heavy rainfall
    threat across portions of the Central and Southern Plains between
    KS/northern OK over into MO and western Ohio Valley. At the
    surface, a quasi-stationary front will be progged over southern KS
    stretching eastward through MO before hooking back to the northeast
    as a cold front on the trailing end of a low motioning up through
    eastern Ontario. A strong mid-level vort will eject out of the
    Central Rockies and migrate eastward within the mean flow, allowing
    for lee cyclogenesis to occur over KS as we move into Thursday
    afternoon. The forecast is for the surface wave to motion eastward
    along the boundary with thunderstorm initiation transpiring across
    the Central Plains by late-Thursday afternoon. As we move into the
    evening, additional LLJ support will provide better low-level shear
    and provide enhanced convergence within the proximity of the
    front. This is a relatively classic scenario for a training axis of
    heavy convection, especially when you couple with PWATs likely
    between 1.7-2.0", a solid +1 to +2 standard deviations above
    climatology for the region.

    Models are persistent in their interpretation for an axis of heavy precipitation likely causing several inches of rain to fall in the
    time of late-Thursday afternoon through the overnight period into
    Friday. Deterministic outputs are a bit offset from each other on
    exact placement of the heaviest rainfall, however ensembles are
    closer in their alignment when assessing the recent QPF outputs.
    The ML outputs, especially the EC-AIFS and its ensemble are
    consistently further south with eyes on southeastern KS through
    southern MO into the confluence of the rivers near the
    Mississippi/Ohio. This has been a steady state over the past
    several runs which usually indicates the ML guidance might be on to
    the next trend of the deterministic. This is also the trend
    recently in guidance is a southern shift in the short term as
    frontal progression usually digs further south than forecast at the
    medium range and instability maximum in conjunction with organized
    convection follows suit. The current forecast SLGT risk was
    relatively maintained as it followed the prospectus trend
    anticipated, however did expand a bit on the northern and eastern
    periphery to account for the latest QPF distribution and mean error
    of fronts at 3+ day leads.
    ...Interior West...
    Multiple shortwaves and elevated moisture presence across the
    Interior Mountain West will likely lead to another afternoon and
    early evening of scattered convection with localized flash flood
    concerns on Thursday. The threat remains low-end for the time being
    given the current QPF outputs, however this could still provide
    some isolated flash flood prospects in those terrain focused zones
    across UT/CO, as well as any heavy rain encounters in the favored
    slot canyon areas littered over western CO into UT. A MRGL risk was
    expanded westward to account for the threat and recent QPF trends
    in the guidance.
    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 28 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND OHIO VALLEY ON FRIDAY AS WELL AS PARTS
    OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS ON SATURDAY...

    Day 4...Deepening upper trough over the Pacific Northwest on Friday
    increases downstream ridging within a mostly zonal flow regime east
    of the Rockies to the start the forecast period and shifts the
    heavy rainfall threat along the a quasi-stationary frontal boundary
    east- northeast from the Ozarks to the Upper Ohio Valley. PWs are
    expected to be modest around 2" and between the 75th-90th
    percentile. Ensemble clusters 75th percentile QPF are generally
    1-3", but with some spread in location between a focus over the
    Midwest or over the upper Ohio Valley and central Appalachians. NBM
    and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain are between 30-60%
    between MO and southwest PA. Additionally, westerly mid-level flow
    parallel to the aforementioned boundary does bring the potential
    for training thunderstorms and increases the risk for at least
    scattered flash flooding. A MRGL risk was maintained for now given
    some lingering location uncertainty at this range, but an upgrade
    to a SLGT risk is possible with future updates.

    Day 5...By Saturday the trough over the Pacific Northwest deepens
    significantly (below the 1st climatological percentile per the 00Z
    ECMWF) and further increases the upper ridging downstream over the Midwest/Great Lakes. Heavy rainfall remains possible along the
    frontal boundary draped over the Ohio Valley, but even more
    uncertainty exists at this range given the western edge of the
    front will be lifting northward. However, more certainty with
    respect to potentially heavy rain exists over the northern Plains
    as a leading shortwave ejects north-northeast over the region and
    within the left-exit region of a strengthening upper jet streaking
    above the northern Rockies. A warm front is also expected to remain
    nearby and extend from the northern High Plains to the Midwest.
    This will allow for thunderstorms to potentially focus along or
    become elevated to the north-northeast of the boundary and tap into
    PWs above 1.5". Global deterministic guidance depicts 2-4" of
    rainfall is possible, with NBM and ECENS probabilities for at least
    1" in 24-hrs around 30-70% (highest in ND). This prompts a MRGL
    risk and allows for potential upgrades should confidence increase
    in amounts above 3" and greater location certainty.
    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!57NZydxMPEfHETgHlIfVqbX2uPLP1Bak1bzHt-sxyQ5I= CmNkA16WTCrQmqHP6uwsOW45D80wWIkMUYlbJEEG1nwwQ6Q$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!57NZydxMPEfHETgHlIfVqbX2uPLP1Bak1bzHt-sxyQ5I= CmNkA16WTCrQmqHP6uwsOW45D80wWIkMUYlbJEEGnR4TJ_c$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!57NZydxMPEfHETgHlIfVqbX2uPLP1Bak1bzHt-sxyQ5I= CmNkA16WTCrQmqHP6uwsOW45D80wWIkMUYlbJEEGHg0i10A$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 23, 2026 20:30:42
    FOUS30 KWBC 232030
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    430 PM EDT Tue Jun 23 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Tue Jun 23 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO LOWER RED RIVER
    VALLEY AS WELL AS SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA...

    ...Central and Southern Plains through Lower Mississippi Valley...

    As of 16Z...Organized heavy rain over OK from strong southerly flow
    over a frontal zone. Prior extreme rainfall near Texarkana has
    shifted to the northeast into OK, but may get impacted again this
    overnight from organized activity originating from storms currently
    along the western Neb/KS border. That may be progressive, so a
    Moderate does not seem needed at this time.

    Southern/central OK is under imminent heavy rain concern through
    early afternoon given thunderstorm clusters along the TX
    Panhandle/OK border shifting south-southeast while the activity
    from Texarkana over southeast OK propagates north-northeast. This
    area is considered to be an enhanced area in the Slight Risk, but
    also not a Moderate at this time. Will note that 12Z CAMs are
    struggling with the western OK/TX Panhandle activity, so for now
    the Slight Risk was expanded west a bit.

    Northwest flow around the high centered over far west Texas will
    drive the aforementioned MCS activity tonight across KS, OK through
    the lower Red River Valley. This should be progressive, but could
    further complicate excessive rainfall concerns over areas hit by
    heavy rain through this afternoon.

    Further activity from the Front Range/northern Sangre de Cristos
    will shift onto the high plains overnight as well. The Slight Risk
    was expanded west and north a bit. Meanwhile the Marginal was
    removed from northeast Nebraska based on 12Z CAMs and radar trends.
    ...Central North Carolina through Eastern Virginia and the
    DelMarVa...
    Scattered heavy thunderstorms in central NC shift northeast through
    the afternoon and perhaps hang on around Hampton Roads this
    evening, this activity is ahead of a mid level trough axis over the
    VA/NC Piedmont. Expanded the Marginal Risk to cover the current
    activity into NC and expanded north into southern NJ based on 12Z
    and later CAMs. A forthcoming MPD (#507) will have further details.
    Given the urban areas and PW at least two sigma above normal, the
    Slight Risk was maintained.
    Jackson
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM THE
    CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS THROUGH THE MID-SOUTH TO THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...Central High Plains to Central Gulf Coast...

    Northwesterly flow persists north of the high centered over west
    Texas, maintaining the active pattern from the Front Range through
    the Mid-South with organized convection shifting farther southeast
    to the central Gulf Coast/Florida Panhandle through the day
    Wednesday. Complex organized activity ongoing over the southern
    Plains/Oklahoma still makes for uncertainty with convective focus
    areas tonight/Wednesday, so amendments are expected. For now, the
    Slight Risk was expanded farther than before - northwest into the
    Nebraska Panhandle and southeast to the Florida Panhandle. The
    sensitive area around Texarkana is in the threat area, so the
    Slight Risk was maintained and is considered more enhanced than
    normal Slight Risks given the extreme rainfall this morning,
    potential for more this evening, and Day 2 QPF from the 18Z HRRR
    which has its highest rainfall QPF in southeast Arkansas.

    Otherwise the heavy rainfall focus is over the central High Plains
    from west Kansas through the southern Neb Panhandle and down toward
    the central Gulf Coast per 12Z CAM consensus. The southeast
    activity would be hold over/redevelopment through the afternoon
    from what crosses the Mid-South tonight. Portions of the
    Southeast/Gulf Coast would have PW around 2 sigma above normal
    along a stalling frontal boundary, so the ingredients for heavy
    rainfall are present. The High Plains threat would be evening
    convective initiation that spills onto the Plains through Wednesday
    night.

    ...Southwest U.S...

    Anomalous mid and upper level moisture advects up from the Sea of
    Cortez tonight through Wednesday, crossing southern Utah in time
    for peak heating Wednesday. Most 12Z CAM guidance has hardly any
    development south of Las Vegas, but the anomalous moisture (3 to 4
    sigma above normal) and terrain should enable at least some heavy
    thunderstorm development. Greater confidence is in afternoon
    convective development with a repeating threat from southern NV
    through southern UT (including slot canyons). The Marginal Risk was maintained/expanded east through the San Juan Mtns of CO for
    Wednesday night activity.

    Jackson
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO MID-MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    Increasing troughing down the West Coast from a low over the
    eastern Gulf of Alaska has the downstream effects of suppressing
    the west Texas high pressure, making for more zonal flow over the
    Rockies, Plains, and Mid-South into the Midwest. At the surface, a
    quasi- stationary front from southern KS through MO and the Midwest.
    Still expecting a strong mid-level vort to eject east from the
    Central Rockies, allowing lee cyclogenesis over OK by Thursday
    evening. Areas east-northeast will have a front and an increasing
    LLJ to support widespread organized/heavy convection from KS/OK
    east through MO and eventually southern IL Thursday night. Main
    uncertainty is latitudinal with some models like the UKMET trending
    north while others like the EC-AIFS holding steady. Given PW
    anomalies of 2 to 3 sigma above normal, wanted to retain a broad
    Slight with the only expansion being farther east for the overnight
    convection that may last into southern Indiana/western KY. The 12Z
    RRFS favors the southern section of this zone which is reasonable
    given increasing instability to the south, but it will come down to
    the frontal placement. This area is likely to need an embedded
    Moderate Risk eventually.

    ...Four Corners States...

    Increased troughing down the West Coast Thursday should enable afternoon/evening terrain-initialized convection over the Four
    Corners states including slot canyon areas over western CO into
    UT. The Marginal Risk was expanded south through southeast
    AZ/southwest NM where southwesterly flow aids enhanced moisture
    advection into that area of terrain.

    ...Southeast/Central Gulf Coast...

    There is enough signal for an impulse over the Southeast to
    warrant raising a Marginal Risk along the Central Gulf Coast
    through southern GA for Thursday. Higher res models like the 12Z
    RRFS have this impulse coming from activity tonight over the Mid-
    South. Any remnant convective impulse would tap into Gulf moisture
    and have surface troughing to focus convection on.

    Jackson
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 28 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND OHIO VALLEY ON FRIDAY AND FOR PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND OHIO VALLEY ON SATURDAY...

    Day 4...

    2030Z Update... The daytime guidance did not present any reason to
    make significant changes, therefore the update reflects only minor
    adjustments.

    Previous Discussion... Deepening upper trough over the Pacific
    Northwest on Friday increases downstream ridging within a mostly
    zonal flow regime east of the Rockies to the start the forecast
    period and shifts the heavy rainfall threat along the a quasi-
    stationary frontal boundary east-northeast from the Ozarks to the
    Upper Ohio Valley. PWs are expected to be modest around 2" and
    between the 75th-90th percentile. Ensemble clusters 75th percentile
    QPF are generally 1-3", but with some spread in location between a
    focus over the Midwest or over the upper Ohio Valley and central
    Appalachians. NBM and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain
    are between 30-60% between MO and southwest PA. Additionally,
    westerly mid-level flow parallel to the aforementioned boundary
    does bring the potential for training thunderstorms and increases
    the risk for at least scattered flash flooding. A MRGL risk was
    maintained for now given some lingering location uncertainty at
    this range, but an upgrade to a SLGT risk is possible with future
    updates.

    Day 5...

    2030Z Update... Previously noted boundary is forecast to lift north
    through the mid Mississippi Valley while lingering over portions of
    the Ohio Valley and central Appalachians. The boundary is expected
    to remain a focus for anomalous moisture -- remaining 1.5-2 std dev
    above normal according to the GFS and ECMWF. This moisture
    interacting with low-amplitude energy moving along the boundary
    may support additional periods of heavy rain. A Marginal Risk was
    added from the Indiana/Kentucky border east into West Virginia.
    While there are numerous detail differences, models generally
    indicate this will be a pivot location for the front, supporting
    the potential for repeating activity. Both the ECMWF/NBM show
    higher probabilities for amounts over an inch. Further raising the
    threat for flash flooding may be the heavy amounts occurring the
    previous day, as well as the area's complex terrain.

    Only minor adjustments were made to the Marginal Risk over the
    northern Plains.

    Previous Discussion... By Saturday the trough over the Pacific
    Northwest deepens significantly (below the 1st climatological
    percentile per the 00Z ECMWF) and further increases the upper
    ridging downstream over the Midwest/Great Lakes. Heavy rainfall
    remains possible along the frontal boundary draped over the Ohio
    Valley, but even more uncertainty exists at this range given the
    western edge of the front will be lifting northward. However, more
    certainty with respect to potentially heavy rain exists over the
    northern Plains as a leading shortwave ejects north-northeast over
    the region and within the left-exit region of a strengthening upper
    jet streaking above the northern Rockies. A warm front is also
    expected to remain nearby and extend from the northern High Plains
    to the Midwest. This will allow for thunderstorms to potentially
    focus along or become elevated to the north-northeast of the
    boundary and tap into PWs above 1.5". Global deterministic guidance
    depicts 2-4" of rainfall is possible, with NBM and ECENS
    probabilities for at least 1" in 24-hrs around 30-70% (highest in
    ND). This prompts a MRGL risk and allows for potential upgrades
    should confidence increase in amounts above 3" and greater location
    certainty.

    Pereira/Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_uxJ8fV1DZxd8BwEvPexxlRNCVFThl8OVOIRn9UwOzdn= z3b3KBpORNwwASb_O8aktmtneKqx3_cPg1Y2yB2X16zc_JE$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_uxJ8fV1DZxd8BwEvPexxlRNCVFThl8OVOIRn9UwOzdn= z3b3KBpORNwwASb_O8aktmtneKqx3_cPg1Y2yB2XcUIiICk$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_uxJ8fV1DZxd8BwEvPexxlRNCVFThl8OVOIRn9UwOzdn= z3b3KBpORNwwASb_O8aktmtneKqx3_cPg1Y2yB2X9_sYf5U$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 24, 2026 00:56:08
    FOUS30 KWBC 240055
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    855 PM EDT Tue Jun 23 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS AND THE LOWER
    MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    01Z Update...
    Adjustments made to the ERO reflect current observation trends and
    recent runs of the HRRR/RAP.=20=20

    Two Slight Risk areas were maintained over the south-central U.S.
    The more eastern area is associated with ongoing convection moving southeastward over southeastern Oklahoma and northeastern Texas,=20
    followed by the potential for additional development overnight. The
    ongoing convection is expected to continue to propagate=20
    southeastward, following an axis of high PWs and instability
    extending from the ArkLaTex region into northern Louisiana. While=20
    these ongoing storms are forecast to remain progressive,=20
    southwesterly inflow and slow-moving energy aloft may provide an=20
    environment for redeveloping storms overnight, producing=20
    additional heavy rain and runoff concerns. The most recent runs of=20
    the HRRR have been trending up across far-southeastern Oklahoma to=20
    the Red River, suggesting additional flooding concerns can be=20
    expected across some of the areas hardest hit by heavy rains=20
    earlier today.

    The second area is associated with convection that is forecast to=20
    develop and become well organized overnight. Deepening moisture=20
    associated with increasing southeasterly flow will support=20
    developing storms over eastern Colorado that will likely become=20
    more widespread as they track southeast across western Kansas=20
    toward central Oklahoma overnight. Merging and training cells are=20
    expected to contribute to the potential for heavy amounts and flash
    flooding concerns.

    Between the areas, a wedge of relatively more stable air is=20
    expected to persist, hampering the potential for heavy rates going=20
    into the overnight. Therefore, the Slight Risk was trimmed out the=20 intervening parts of Oklahoma and Ozark region.

    In the East, with areas of heavy rainfall now moving offshore=20
    ahead of an advancing cold front, the Slight and Marginal Risk=20
    areas were removed from North Carolina and the southern Mid-
    Atlantic.

    Pereira

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM THE
    CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS THROUGH THE MID-SOUTH TO THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...Central High Plains to Central Gulf Coast...

    Northwesterly flow persists north of the high centered over west
    Texas, maintaining the active pattern from the Front Range through
    the Mid-South with organized convection shifting farther southeast
    to the central Gulf Coast/Florida Panhandle through the day
    Wednesday. Complex organized activity ongoing over the southern
    Plains/Oklahoma still makes for uncertainty with convective focus
    areas tonight/Wednesday, so amendments are expected. For now, the
    Slight Risk was expanded farther than before - northwest into the
    Nebraska Panhandle and southeast to the Florida Panhandle. The
    sensitive area around Texarkana is in the threat area, so the
    Slight Risk was maintained and is considered more enhanced than
    normal Slight Risks given the extreme rainfall this morning,
    potential for more this evening, and Day 2 QPF from the 18Z HRRR
    which has its highest rainfall QPF in southeast Arkansas.

    Otherwise the heavy rainfall focus is over the central High Plains
    from west Kansas through the southern Neb Panhandle and down toward
    the central Gulf Coast per 12Z CAM consensus. The southeast
    activity would be hold over/redevelopment through the afternoon
    from what crosses the Mid-South tonight. Portions of the
    Southeast/Gulf Coast would have PW around 2 sigma above normal
    along a stalling frontal boundary, so the ingredients for heavy
    rainfall are present. The High Plains threat would be evening
    convective initiation that spills onto the Plains through Wednesday
    night.

    ...Southwest U.S...

    Anomalous mid and upper level moisture advects up from the Sea of
    Cortez tonight through Wednesday, crossing southern Utah in time
    for peak heating Wednesday. Most 12Z CAM guidance has hardly any
    development south of Las Vegas, but the anomalous moisture (3 to 4
    sigma above normal) and terrain should enable at least some heavy
    thunderstorm development. Greater confidence is in afternoon
    convective development with a repeating threat from southern NV
    through southern UT (including slot canyons). The Marginal Risk was maintained/expanded east through the San Juan Mtns of CO for
    Wednesday night activity.

    Jackson


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO MID-MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    Increasing troughing down the West Coast from a low over the
    eastern Gulf of Alaska has the downstream effects of suppressing
    the west Texas high pressure, making for more zonal flow over the
    Rockies, Plains, and Mid-South into the Midwest. At the surface, a
    quasi- stationary front from southern KS through MO and the Midwest.
    Still expecting a strong mid-level vort to eject east from the
    Central Rockies, allowing lee cyclogenesis over OK by Thursday
    evening. Areas east-northeast will have a front and an increasing
    LLJ to support widespread organized/heavy convection from KS/OK
    east through MO and eventually southern IL Thursday night. Main
    uncertainty is latitudinal with some models like the UKMET trending
    north while others like the EC-AIFS holding steady. Given PW
    anomalies of 2 to 3 sigma above normal, wanted to retain a broad
    Slight with the only expansion being farther east for the overnight
    convection that may last into southern Indiana/western KY. The 12Z
    RRFS favors the southern section of this zone which is reasonable
    given increasing instability to the south, but it will come down to
    the frontal placement. This area is likely to need an embedded
    Moderate Risk eventually.

    ...Four Corners States...

    Increased troughing down the West Coast Thursday should enable afternoon/evening terrain-initialized convection over the Four
    Corners states including slot canyon areas over western CO into
    UT. The Marginal Risk was expanded south through southeast
    AZ/southwest NM where southwesterly flow aids enhanced moisture
    advection into that area of terrain.

    ...Southeast/Central Gulf Coast...

    There is enough signal for an impulse over the Southeast to
    warrant raising a Marginal Risk along the Central Gulf Coast
    through southern GA for Thursday. Higher res models like the 12Z
    RRFS have this impulse coming from activity tonight over the Mid-
    South. Any remnant convective impulse would tap into Gulf moisture
    and have surface troughing to focus convection on.

    Jackson


    Day 4 and Day 5


    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND OHIO VALLEY ON FRIDAY AND FOR PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND OHIO VALLEY ON SATURDAY...

    Day 4...

    2030Z Update... The daytime guidance did not present any reason to
    make significant changes, therefore the update reflects only minor
    adjustments.

    Previous Discussion... Deepening upper trough over the Pacific
    Northwest on Friday increases downstream ridging within a mostly
    zonal flow regime east of the Rockies to the start the forecast
    period and shifts the heavy rainfall threat along the a quasi-
    stationary frontal boundary east-northeast from the Ozarks to the
    Upper Ohio Valley. PWs are expected to be modest around 2" and
    between the 75th-90th percentile. Ensemble clusters 75th percentile
    QPF are generally 1-3", but with some spread in location between a
    focus over the Midwest or over the upper Ohio Valley and central
    Appalachians. NBM and ECENS probabilities for at least 1" of rain
    are between 30-60% between MO and southwest PA. Additionally,
    westerly mid-level flow parallel to the aforementioned boundary
    does bring the potential for training thunderstorms and increases
    the risk for at least scattered flash flooding. A MRGL risk was
    maintained for now given some lingering location uncertainty at
    this range, but an upgrade to a SLGT risk is possible with future
    updates.

    Day 5...

    2030Z Update... Previously noted boundary is forecast to lift north
    through the mid Mississippi Valley while lingering over portions of
    the Ohio Valley and central Appalachians. The boundary is expected
    to remain a focus for anomalous moisture -- remaining 1.5-2 std dev
    above normal according to the GFS and ECMWF. This moisture
    interacting with low-amplitude energy moving along the boundary
    may support additional periods of heavy rain. A Marginal Risk was
    added from the Indiana/Kentucky border east into West Virginia.
    While there are numerous detail differences, models generally
    indicate this will be a pivot location for the front, supporting
    the potential for repeating activity. Both the ECMWF/NBM show
    higher probabilities for amounts over an inch. Further raising the
    threat for flash flooding may be the heavy amounts occurring the
    previous day, as well as the area's complex terrain.

    Only minor adjustments were made to the Marginal Risk over the
    northern Plains.

    Previous Discussion... By Saturday the trough over the Pacific
    Northwest deepens significantly (below the 1st climatological
    percentile per the 00Z ECMWF) and further increases the upper
    ridging downstream over the Midwest/Great Lakes. Heavy rainfall
    remains possible along the frontal boundary draped over the Ohio
    Valley, but even more uncertainty exists at this range given the
    western edge of the front will be lifting northward. However, more
    certainty with respect to potentially heavy rain exists over the
    northern Plains as a leading shortwave ejects north-northeast over
    the region and within the left-exit region of a strengthening upper
    jet streaking above the northern Rockies. A warm front is also
    expected to remain nearby and extend from the northern High Plains
    to the Midwest. This will allow for thunderstorms to potentially
    focus along or become elevated to the north-northeast of the
    boundary and tap into PWs above 1.5". Global deterministic guidance
    depicts 2-4" of rainfall is possible, with NBM and ECENS
    probabilities for at least 1" in 24-hrs around 30-70% (highest in
    ND). This prompts a MRGL risk and allows for potential upgrades
    should confidence increase in amounts above 3" and greater location
    certainty.

    Pereira/Snell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4GZGAHPIh923VdAUYei4hD1eujjqJsMeGZii0Y-ixHe0= Dco8gotgbE49mrdlGyPjdEQsm57nxkRJG9wTQWZxgqSwECY$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4GZGAHPIh923VdAUYei4hD1eujjqJsMeGZii0Y-ixHe0= Dco8gotgbE49mrdlGyPjdEQsm57nxkRJG9wTQWZxUZgAIe0$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!4GZGAHPIh923VdAUYei4hD1eujjqJsMeGZii0Y-ixHe0= Dco8gotgbE49mrdlGyPjdEQsm57nxkRJG9wTQWZxzND6hD4$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 24, 2026 07:29:53
    FOUS30 KWBC 240729
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    329 AM EDT Wed Jun 24 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM THE
    CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS THROUGH THE MID-SOUTH TO THE CENTRAL GULF
    COAST...

    ...Central High Plains...

    The period will maintain a relatively stagnant upper pattern with a
    broad northern trough and stout mid and upper ridge axis centered
    over northern Mexico into the Southwest U.S. The setup is conducive
    for yet another active evening as pronounced shortwave will eject
    out of the Rockies and migrate southeastward into the Central
    Plains after 00z Thursday. Initiation of thunderstorms over the
    WY/CO Front Range will occur after sunset with more convective
    activity firing downstream into western NE and northwest KS as we
    head through the evening. Ample shear and mid-level ascent plus a
    well-defined theta_E ridge positioned within a quasi-stationary
    front bisecting the High Plains will act as both a focal point for
    convection, as well as the driver for aiding in intensification of
    any mesocyclone development after initiation. All models from hi-
    res CAMs suites to globals have some type of convective mode
    forming over the Central High Plains Wednesday evening allowing for
    high confidence in areas of not only severe weather, but
    accompanying heavy rainfall thanks to elevated PWAT's centered over
    the Central and Southern High Plains.

    HREF neighborhood probs for >2" are high (50-80%) across the
    corridor centered over northeastern CO, southwestern NE, and
    northwest KS, the inflection point of both cell initiation and
    expected forward propagation area of any convection as cell mergers
    occur and grow upscale. Some of these areas will have been hit
    pretty hard the prior evening leading to lower FFG's as recovery
    time for soils will be limited (<24hrs). In this case, the SLGT
    risk inherited is sufficient with a high-end SLGT risk forecast
    over that tri-state zone between CO/NE/KS as models continue to
    forecast heavy convection over that area with run-to-run
    consistency. The SLGT will extend through the rest of western KS
    and much of the CO Front Range with the expectation of cell motions
    moving through the area the back-end of the D1 period.

    ...Southern Plains to Central Gulf Coast...

    The pattern across the Southern Plains to Central Gulf Coast will
    remain a complicated scenario that will come down to the
    positioning of a quasi-stationary front oriented over the OK to the
    Lower Mississippi Valley, as well as the handling of multiple MCV's
    and their general locations that will dictate where heavy rain
    prospects would unfold for the D1. Models have struggled with the
    overall handling of the MCV currently migrating through AR/LA with
    the 02z HRRR offering the best handle on the timing and magnitude
    of precipitation accompanying the complex. You can see the northern
    inflection in the MCV over western AR will act as a region of
    localized convergence with cells maintaining very slow motions with
    the current storms orienting northwest to southeast to the west of
    Little Rock. Further south, the line is more progressive within the
    complex with a bit of a bowing segment ejecting eastward across the
    AR/LA state line with the heaviest precip focused over northern LA.
    Indications for the trajectory of the complex point to a continued
    eastward progression, followed by a turn to the east-southeast as
    it moves into MS, eventually making headway towards southern AL.
    This is in part to the general mid-level steering flow, as well as
    the defined theta_E gradient oriented in the same northwest to
    southeast alignment. Typical forward propagation centers over these
    distinct gradient alignments and this should be no different with
    a majority of guidance signaling the complex's motion into that
    area of the Southeast. In this case, this would open the door to
    enhanced low-level convergence within proximity of the disturbance
    and well within an environment conducive for scattered to
    widespread thunderstorm activity boasting potential for 2-3"/hr
    rates given the depth of moisture within the column, especially
    over southern MS.

    Upwind back over northern LA, secondary formation of convection
    along the persistent quasi-stationary front is anticipated over the
    early portion of D1 thanks to regional focus of low-level
    convergence left behind by our complex vacating to the east-
    southeast. Cell motion vectors within the latest CAMs for the
    period between 10-15z Wednesday are incredibly light leading to
    very slow cell propagations for hours prior to the dissipation of
    the threat. This area has already been hit several times in the
    past week with local FFG's running very low with widespread ground
    saturation noted by the latest discussions from the local WFO's.
    This will prolong the threat for flash flooding through the morning
    before we finally see the threat dwindle in part to the ridge
    further west finally building back overhead and shifting the front
    further north before dying off by early Thursday morning. In this
    case, the SLGT risk forecast will be maintained with the highest
    threat for flash flooding likely over the AR/LA border into
    southern MS.

    ...Western U.S...

    Anomalous mid and upper level moisture will be advected over the
    Southwestern U.S. through today as prevailing southwesterly flow
    around the western flank of the ridge over northern Mexico will
    help usher in warm, moist Pacific airmass centered off Baja. The
    addition of elevated moisture into the region coupled with intense
    heating across the Desert Southwest will lead to increased boundary
    layer instability and the ability to generate afternoon convection
    for the first time in a while over the deserts of southern CA into
    the Great Basin by later this afternoon. Models are not too
    enthused by sense of magnitude, however with PWAT anomalies pushing
    +2 to +3 standard deviations across the area by the afternoon
    period, it stands to reason that some of the convection could be
    sufficient in causing localized flash flood prospects over those
    more prone areas like slot canyons in the interior and flashier
    portions of southern CA. A MRGL risk remains the forecast for the
    low- end threat with emphasis on the terrain in AZ, deserts of
    southern CA, and slot canyon areas within NV/UT/AZ.

    ...Midwest...

    Despite the addition of a risk in the area, a non-zero potential
    for flash flooding exists over portions of southern WI into
    northern IL with the best threat likely within the urban corridor
    surrounding both Milwaukee and Chicago and its adjacent suburbs.
    Localized totals between 1-2" are plausible, especially in
    proximity to the warm front that exists ahead of a surface low
    migrating southeast through the Upper Midwest over the period. The
    frontal positioning will be the focus for the heavier rainfall
    threat as added low-level convergence will act as a focus for any
    convection in the area, offering a short term training concern as
    we move through the late-morning and afternoon. The threat is very
    isolated in nature with a few CAMs signaling more robust outputs,
    but not enough consensus to draw a definitive location for the
    threat. In coordination with the local offices in the area, decided
    to maintain a nil ERO posture, but make note of a low-end, <5%
    threat for flash flooding at some point in the front half of the
    D1.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO MID-MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    Longwave pattern across the western two-thirds of the CONUS will
    shift as a strong mid-level trough enters the Pacific Northwest and
    begins flattening the ridge axis positioned across the
    Southwestern U.S. This will lead to a more zonal regime to setup
    from the Central Rockies to the Mid-Mississippi Valley by Thursday,
    setting the stage for a potentially significant heavy rainfall
    threat across portions of the Central and Southern Plains between
    KS/northern OK over into MO and western Ohio Valley. At the
    surface, a quasi-stationary front will be progged over southern KS
    stretching eastward through MO before hooking back to the northeast
    as a cold front on the trailing end of a surface low motioning up
    through eastern Ontario. A strong mid-level vort will eject out of
    the Central Rockies and migrate eastward within the mean flow,
    allowing for lee cyclogenesis to occur over KS as we move into
    Thursday afternoon. The forecast is for the surface wave to motion
    eastward along the boundary with thunderstorm initiation
    transpiring across the Central Plains by late-Thursday afternoon.
    As we move into the evening, additional LLJ support will provide
    better low-level shear and provide enhanced convergence within the
    proximity of the front. This is a relatively classic scenario for a
    training axis of heavy convection, especially when you couple with
    PWATs likely between 1.7-2.0", a solid +1 to +2 standard
    deviations above climatology for the region.

    Model signals are still pretty aggressive with the scope of the
    event with most of the deterministic outputs showing pockets of 3+
    inches for areas of eastern KS through portions of MO. The
    deviation comes in the timing of the shortwave ejection and the
    latitudinal gain of the heavy rain footprint as guidance disagrees
    on the exact placement of the heaviest rainfall. ML guidance is
    still generally south of the global NWP suite, a highlight that has
    been noted over the past several cycles. ML guidance tends to do
    well when it locks into these types of outputs and doesn't waver
    too much in specifics, so the trend is to keep the heaviest precip
    a bit south of the deterministic and its ensembles. That said, the
    orientation of the frontal positioning will be important as that
    will likely be the focus for where the heaviest QPF outputs will
    occur as the surface wave will ride the thermal gradient posed by
    the front in question. Historic bias at this leads tends to favor
    guidance being a bit too far north with its QPF footprint in these
    scenarios leading to an adjustment further south, correlating with
    a better convergent area away from the current depiction.
    Considering the magnitudes of the QPF already with little to no
    CAMs inclusion, the forecast for locally significant rainfall is
    becoming increasingly likely in the D2 period. As of now, the SLGT
    risk inherited only went through minor modifications with a high-
    end SLGT risk forecast for areas of central to southeast KS through
    the southwest and west-central portions of MO, extending towards
    the St. Louis metro where the frontal alignment is progged. An
    upgrade for portions of this area is not out of the question in the
    coming forecast cycles, so this will be something to monitor
    closely the next 24-36 hours.

    ...Southeast U.S...

    Remnants of a complex from the previous period will wander into the
    Central Gulf coast region and slide eastward into southern GA by
    Thursday afternoon. Hi-res at the end of their forecasts are
    consistent in the maturation of convection near the remnant
    circulation as the disturbance becomes a mechanism for targeted
    low-level convergence in a zone of favorable boundary layer
    moisture and instability. Signals for locally heavy rainfall of 2+
    inches are noted in the deterministic CAMs with the HREF blended
    mean QPF between 12z Thursday to 00z Friday showing pockets of
    1.5-2" located from the MS coastal areas through the I-10 corridor
    towards Tallahassee, back up into southern GA. This is coincident
    with the 500mb vorticity trajectory of our mid-level impulse
    generated from previous periods thunderstorms which provides a
    better target point for heavy rainfall compared to just your
    standard pulse convection regime we see in the summer. As a result,
    maintained the previous MRGL risk with just some minor adjustments
    to account for QPF trends.

    ...Interior West...

    Multiple shortwaves and elevated moisture presence across the
    Interior Mountain West will likely lead to another afternoon and
    early evening of scattered convection with localized flash flood
    concerns on Thursday. The threat remains low-end for the time being
    given the current QPF outputs, however this could still provide
    some isolated flash flood prospects in those terrain focused zones
    across UT/CO, as well as any heavy rain encounters in the favored
    slot canyon areas littered over western CO into UT. A MRGL risk was
    expanded westward to account for the threat and recent QPF trends
    in the guidance.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEY'S...

    The period will be defined by the expected forward propagation of
    the shortwave trough that will affect the Central Plains, eastward
    during the D2, translating into further impacts on the D3.
    Ensembles and global deterministic alike continue to signal the
    axis of heavy rainfall over the Mid-Mississippi Valley shifting
    eastward through the Ohio River Valley with the focus of heaviest
    rainfall centered over the Ohio River basin and points north. This
    correlates with the mean 500mb vorticity forecast for the shortwave
    trough responsible as diffluent flow ahead of the trough axis will
    situate over the above area leading to focused ascent and
    increasing low to mid-level convergence pattern necessary to bring
    about a swath of heavy precipitation.

    00z run of the CSU First Guess Fields depict a broad SLGT risk
    alignment across the area between southern IN and southern OH down
    across neighboring northern KY with the northern periphery
    positioned along and south of I-70. Considering the trends in the
    CSU First Guess over the last several months, this may be a bit
    further north than what may transpire, however the ensemble QPF
    alignment of the heaviest precip is generally in that zone, so the
    decision was to add the SLGT risk matching the First Guess, but
    also hedging a bit further west and south with the expansion in the
    end. 01z NBM probs for >2" depict a 30-60% probability output
    between St. Louis to just east of Cincinnati with a northern
    inflection to the I-70 corridor between Indianapolis to Columbus,
    OH. The southern edge did expand south with the 30% probability
    from previous forecast to include areas south of the Ohio River, a
    testament to the potential to see a slight southern shift in the
    QPF focus as we move closer in time. In any case, the probability
    for >2" at this lead for the blend was more than suitable enough to
    warrant a SLGT risk addition to the now D3 period.

    The threat of heavy rainfall, even though more isolated due to the
    magnitude of the precipitation expected, is forecast to expand
    further east into the eastern Ohio Valley and neighboring areas of
    the Central Appalachians and western PA during the period.
    Considering the nature of the topographic elements allowing for
    those areas to be more prone to heavy rainfall episodes, this will
    be an area to monitor for any further adjustments in the risk
    which is currently at a MRGL for the time being.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 29 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT ACROSS
    PARTS OF THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS ON SATURDAY...

    Day 4...By Saturday, the trough over the Pacific Northwest deepens significantly (below the 0.5 climatological percentile per the 00Z
    ECMWF) and further increases the upper ridging downstream over the Midwest/Great Lakes. Meanwhile, subtle troughing over the Northeast
    will allow for an inflection point in the lingering stationary
    front over the Ohio Valley, with this front lifting northward over
    the central U.S. and sliding southward along the East Coast. Heavy
    rainfall will remain possible along this frontal boundary as it
    lingers over the region and potential MCVs progress eastward, with
    typical uncertainty at this forecast range. Deterministic forecast
    guidance highlights rainfall amounts of 1-3" possible and given
    the convective/training storm environment, locally higher amounts
    can be expected. Heavy rain may also extend eastward into the Mid-
    Atlantic, but storms may be progressive enough to limit flash flood
    risk as well as potentially a limited amount of instability
    available.

    Additionally, heavy rainfall potential exists over the northern
    Plains as a leading shortwave ejects north- northeast over the
    region and within the left-exit region of a strengthening upper jet
    streaking above the northern Rockies. A warm front is also
    expected to remain nearby and extend from the northern High Plains
    to the Midwest. This will allow for thunderstorms to potentially
    focus along or become elevated to the north-northeast of the
    boundary and tap into PWs above 1.5". Some thunderstorms may extend south-southeast into the Middle Missouri Valley, but greater
    uncertainty exists this far south. Global deterministic guidance
    depicts 2-4" of rainfall is possible, with NBM and ECENS
    probabilities for at least 1" in 24-hrs around 30-70% (highest in
    ND). This prompts a MRGL risk and allows for potential upgrades
    should confidence increase in amounts above 3" and greater location
    certainty.

    Day 5...Large spread in outcomes across the northern tier reduced
    confidence enough to omit a MRGL risk with the latest outlook
    centered on Sunday. The frontal boundary sinking southward across
    the Mid- Atlantic and stretching west-northwest across the Ohio
    Valley by Sunday also appears to lose enough gradient to focus
    numerous showers or thunderstorms. These areas will be monitored in
    future updates.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_aPxiJ-lGgt6QWAZcwlkitVsToKk5iDQDpAilj8PTJTc= E5NpNHQCKWupbaGjbRyF4s9JN4dAu1ONPBtAv7SOypQf4zI$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_aPxiJ-lGgt6QWAZcwlkitVsToKk5iDQDpAilj8PTJTc= E5NpNHQCKWupbaGjbRyF4s9JN4dAu1ONPBtAv7SOBsybh1E$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_aPxiJ-lGgt6QWAZcwlkitVsToKk5iDQDpAilj8PTJTc= E5NpNHQCKWupbaGjbRyF4s9JN4dAu1ONPBtAv7SOjpBtx9Y$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 24, 2026 15:58:28
    FOUS30 KWBC 241558
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1158 AM EDT Wed Jun 24 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM THE
    CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS THROUGH THE MID-SOUTH TO THE CENTRAL GULF
    COAST...

    16Z Update...

    Risk outline areas were largely left as-is, with continued
    location uncertainty in expected overnight convection tonight
    through the central High Plains. 12Z HREF/REFS probs were still
    rather scattered within the broad Slight Risk area, but did note
    the HREF EAS probs increase over eastern OK into western AR, due
    in part to ongoing convection late this morning. With more
    saturated soils this area may be more susceptible to flash flooding
    today.

    Fracasso

    ...Central High Plains...

    The period will maintain a relatively stagnant upper pattern with a
    broad northern trough and stout mid and upper ridge axis centered
    over northern Mexico into the Southwest U.S. The setup is conducive
    for yet another active evening as pronounced shortwave will eject
    out of the Rockies and migrate southeastward into the Central
    Plains after 00z Thursday. Initiation of thunderstorms over the
    WY/CO Front Range will occur after sunset with more convective
    activity firing downstream into western NE and northwest KS as we
    head through the evening. Ample shear and mid-level ascent plus a
    well-defined theta_E ridge positioned within a quasi-stationary
    front bisecting the High Plains will act as both a focal point for
    convection, as well as the driver for aiding in intensification of
    any mesocyclone development after initiation. All models from hi-
    res CAMs suites to globals have some type of convective mode
    forming over the Central High Plains Wednesday evening allowing for
    high confidence in areas of not only severe weather, but
    accompanying heavy rainfall thanks to elevated PWAT's centered over
    the Central and Southern High Plains.

    HREF neighborhood probs for >2" are high (50-80%) across the
    corridor centered over northeastern CO, southwestern NE, and
    northwest KS, the inflection point of both cell initiation and
    expected forward propagation area of any convection as cell mergers
    occur and grow upscale. Some of these areas will have been hit
    pretty hard the prior evening leading to lower FFG's as recovery
    time for soils will be limited (<24hrs). In this case, the SLGT
    risk inherited is sufficient with a high-end SLGT risk forecast
    over that tri-state zone between CO/NE/KS as models continue to
    forecast heavy convection over that area with run-to-run
    consistency. The SLGT will extend through the rest of western KS
    and much of the CO Front Range with the expectation of cell motions
    moving through the area the back-end of the D1 period.

    ...Southern Plains to Central Gulf Coast...

    The pattern across the Southern Plains to Central Gulf Coast will
    remain a complicated scenario that will come down to the
    positioning of a quasi-stationary front oriented over the OK to the
    Lower Mississippi Valley, as well as the handling of multiple MCV's
    and their general locations that will dictate where heavy rain
    prospects would unfold for the D1. Models have struggled with the
    overall handling of the MCV currently migrating through AR/LA with
    the 02z HRRR offering the best handle on the timing and magnitude
    of precipitation accompanying the complex. You can see the northern
    inflection in the MCV over western AR will act as a region of
    localized convergence with cells maintaining very slow motions with
    the current storms orienting northwest to southeast to the west of
    Little Rock. Further south, the line is more progressive within the
    complex with a bit of a bowing segment ejecting eastward across the
    AR/LA state line with the heaviest precip focused over northern LA.
    Indications for the trajectory of the complex point to a continued
    eastward progression, followed by a turn to the east-southeast as
    it moves into MS, eventually making headway towards southern AL.
    This is in part to the general mid-level steering flow, as well as
    the defined theta_E gradient oriented in the same northwest to
    southeast alignment. Typical forward propagation centers over these
    distinct gradient alignments and this should be no different with
    a majority of guidance signaling the complex's motion into that
    area of the Southeast. In this case, this would open the door to
    enhanced low-level convergence within proximity of the disturbance
    and well within an environment conducive for scattered to
    widespread thunderstorm activity boasting potential for 2-3"/hr
    rates given the depth of moisture within the column, especially
    over southern MS.

    Upwind back over northern LA, secondary formation of convection
    along the persistent quasi-stationary front is anticipated over the
    early portion of D1 thanks to regional focus of low-level
    convergence left behind by our complex vacating to the east-
    southeast. Cell motion vectors within the latest CAMs for the
    period between 10-15z Wednesday are incredibly light leading to
    very slow cell propagations for hours prior to the dissipation of
    the threat. This area has already been hit several times in the
    past week with local FFG's running very low with widespread ground
    saturation noted by the latest discussions from the local WFO's.
    This will prolong the threat for flash flooding through the morning
    before we finally see the threat dwindle in part to the ridge
    further west finally building back overhead and shifting the front
    further north before dying off by early Thursday morning. In this
    case, the SLGT risk forecast will be maintained with the highest
    threat for flash flooding likely over the AR/LA border into
    southern MS.

    ...Western U.S...

    Anomalous mid and upper level moisture will be advected over the
    Southwestern U.S. through today as prevailing southwesterly flow
    around the western flank of the ridge over northern Mexico will
    help usher in warm, moist Pacific airmass centered off Baja. The
    addition of elevated moisture into the region coupled with intense
    heating across the Desert Southwest will lead to increased boundary
    layer instability and the ability to generate afternoon convection
    for the first time in a while over the deserts of southern CA into
    the Great Basin by later this afternoon. Models are not too
    enthused by sense of magnitude, however with PWAT anomalies pushing
    +2 to +3 standard deviations across the area by the afternoon
    period, it stands to reason that some of the convection could be
    sufficient in causing localized flash flood prospects over those
    more prone areas like slot canyons in the interior and flashier
    portions of southern CA. A MRGL risk remains the forecast for the
    low- end threat with emphasis on the terrain in AZ, deserts of
    southern CA, and slot canyon areas within NV/UT/AZ.

    ...Midwest...

    Despite the addition of a risk in the area, a non-zero potential
    for flash flooding exists over portions of southern WI into
    northern IL with the best threat likely within the urban corridor
    surrounding both Milwaukee and Chicago and its adjacent suburbs.
    Localized totals between 1-2" are plausible, especially in
    proximity to the warm front that exists ahead of a surface low
    migrating southeast through the Upper Midwest over the period. The
    frontal positioning will be the focus for the heavier rainfall
    threat as added low-level convergence will act as a focus for any
    convection in the area, offering a short term training concern as
    we move through the late-morning and afternoon. The threat is very
    isolated in nature with a few CAMs signaling more robust outputs,
    but not enough consensus to draw a definitive location for the
    threat. In coordination with the local offices in the area, decided
    to maintain a nil ERO posture, but make note of a low-end, <5%
    threat for flash flooding at some point in the front half of the
    D1.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO MID-MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    Longwave pattern across the western two-thirds of the CONUS will
    shift as a strong mid-level trough enters the Pacific Northwest and
    begins flattening the ridge axis positioned across the
    Southwestern U.S. This will lead to a more zonal regime to setup
    from the Central Rockies to the Mid-Mississippi Valley by Thursday,
    setting the stage for a potentially significant heavy rainfall
    threat across portions of the Central and Southern Plains between
    KS/northern OK over into MO and western Ohio Valley. At the
    surface, a quasi-stationary front will be progged over southern KS
    stretching eastward through MO before hooking back to the northeast
    as a cold front on the trailing end of a surface low motioning up
    through eastern Ontario. A strong mid-level vort will eject out of
    the Central Rockies and migrate eastward within the mean flow,
    allowing for lee cyclogenesis to occur over KS as we move into
    Thursday afternoon. The forecast is for the surface wave to motion
    eastward along the boundary with thunderstorm initiation
    transpiring across the Central Plains by late-Thursday afternoon.
    As we move into the evening, additional LLJ support will provide
    better low-level shear and provide enhanced convergence within the
    proximity of the front. This is a relatively classic scenario for a
    training axis of heavy convection, especially when you couple with
    PWATs likely between 1.7-2.0", a solid +1 to +2 standard
    deviations above climatology for the region.

    Model signals are still pretty aggressive with the scope of the
    event with most of the deterministic outputs showing pockets of 3+
    inches for areas of eastern KS through portions of MO. The
    deviation comes in the timing of the shortwave ejection and the
    latitudinal gain of the heavy rain footprint as guidance disagrees
    on the exact placement of the heaviest rainfall. ML guidance is
    still generally south of the global NWP suite, a highlight that has
    been noted over the past several cycles. ML guidance tends to do
    well when it locks into these types of outputs and doesn't waver
    too much in specifics, so the trend is to keep the heaviest precip
    a bit south of the deterministic and its ensembles. That said, the
    orientation of the frontal positioning will be important as that
    will likely be the focus for where the heaviest QPF outputs will
    occur as the surface wave will ride the thermal gradient posed by
    the front in question. Historic bias at this leads tends to favor
    guidance being a bit too far north with its QPF footprint in these
    scenarios leading to an adjustment further south, correlating with
    a better convergent area away from the current depiction.
    Considering the magnitudes of the QPF already with little to no
    CAMs inclusion, the forecast for locally significant rainfall is
    becoming increasingly likely in the D2 period. As of now, the SLGT
    risk inherited only went through minor modifications with a high-
    end SLGT risk forecast for areas of central to southeast KS through
    the southwest and west-central portions of MO, extending towards
    the St. Louis metro where the frontal alignment is progged. An
    upgrade for portions of this area is not out of the question in the
    coming forecast cycles, so this will be something to monitor
    closely the next 24-36 hours.

    ...Southeast U.S...

    Remnants of a complex from the previous period will wander into the
    Central Gulf coast region and slide eastward into southern GA by
    Thursday afternoon. Hi-res at the end of their forecasts are
    consistent in the maturation of convection near the remnant
    circulation as the disturbance becomes a mechanism for targeted
    low-level convergence in a zone of favorable boundary layer
    moisture and instability. Signals for locally heavy rainfall of 2+
    inches are noted in the deterministic CAMs with the HREF blended
    mean QPF between 12z Thursday to 00z Friday showing pockets of
    1.5-2" located from the MS coastal areas through the I-10 corridor
    towards Tallahassee, back up into southern GA. This is coincident
    with the 500mb vorticity trajectory of our mid-level impulse
    generated from previous periods thunderstorms which provides a
    better target point for heavy rainfall compared to just your
    standard pulse convection regime we see in the summer. As a result,
    maintained the previous MRGL risk with just some minor adjustments
    to account for QPF trends.

    ...Interior West...

    Multiple shortwaves and elevated moisture presence across the
    Interior Mountain West will likely lead to another afternoon and
    early evening of scattered convection with localized flash flood
    concerns on Thursday. The threat remains low-end for the time being
    given the current QPF outputs, however this could still provide
    some isolated flash flood prospects in those terrain focused zones
    across UT/CO, as well as any heavy rain encounters in the favored
    slot canyon areas littered over western CO into UT. A MRGL risk was
    expanded westward to account for the threat and recent QPF trends
    in the guidance.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEY'S...

    The period will be defined by the expected forward propagation of
    the shortwave trough that will affect the Central Plains, eastward
    during the D2, translating into further impacts on the D3.
    Ensembles and global deterministic alike continue to signal the
    axis of heavy rainfall over the Mid-Mississippi Valley shifting
    eastward through the Ohio River Valley with the focus of heaviest
    rainfall centered over the Ohio River basin and points north. This
    correlates with the mean 500mb vorticity forecast for the shortwave
    trough responsible as diffluent flow ahead of the trough axis will
    situate over the above area leading to focused ascent and
    increasing low to mid-level convergence pattern necessary to bring
    about a swath of heavy precipitation.

    00z run of the CSU First Guess Fields depict a broad SLGT risk
    alignment across the area between southern IN and southern OH down
    across neighboring northern KY with the northern periphery
    positioned along and south of I-70. Considering the trends in the
    CSU First Guess over the last several months, this may be a bit
    further north than what may transpire, however the ensemble QPF
    alignment of the heaviest precip is generally in that zone, so the
    decision was to add the SLGT risk matching the First Guess, but
    also hedging a bit further west and south with the expansion in the
    end. 01z NBM probs for >2" depict a 30-60% probability output
    between St. Louis to just east of Cincinnati with a northern
    inflection to the I-70 corridor between Indianapolis to Columbus,
    OH. The southern edge did expand south with the 30% probability
    from previous forecast to include areas south of the Ohio River, a
    testament to the potential to see a slight southern shift in the
    QPF focus as we move closer in time. In any case, the probability
    for >2" at this lead for the blend was more than suitable enough to
    warrant a SLGT risk addition to the now D3 period.

    The threat of heavy rainfall, even though more isolated due to the
    magnitude of the precipitation expected, is forecast to expand
    further east into the eastern Ohio Valley and neighboring areas of
    the Central Appalachians and western PA during the period.
    Considering the nature of the topographic elements allowing for
    those areas to be more prone to heavy rainfall episodes, this will
    be an area to monitor for any further adjustments in the risk
    which is currently at a MRGL for the time being.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 29 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT ACROSS
    PARTS OF THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS ON SATURDAY...

    Day 4...By Saturday, the trough over the Pacific Northwest deepens significantly (below the 0.5 climatological percentile per the 00Z
    ECMWF) and further increases the upper ridging downstream over the Midwest/Great Lakes. Meanwhile, subtle troughing over the Northeast
    will allow for an inflection point in the lingering stationary
    front over the Ohio Valley, with this front lifting northward over
    the central U.S. and sliding southward along the East Coast. Heavy
    rainfall will remain possible along this frontal boundary as it
    lingers over the region and potential MCVs progress eastward, with
    typical uncertainty at this forecast range. Deterministic forecast
    guidance highlights rainfall amounts of 1-3" possible and given
    the convective/training storm environment, locally higher amounts
    can be expected. Heavy rain may also extend eastward into the Mid-
    Atlantic, but storms may be progressive enough to limit flash flood
    risk as well as potentially a limited amount of instability
    available.

    Additionally, heavy rainfall potential exists over the northern
    Plains as a leading shortwave ejects north- northeast over the
    region and within the left-exit region of a strengthening upper jet
    streaking above the northern Rockies. A warm front is also
    expected to remain nearby and extend from the northern High Plains
    to the Midwest. This will allow for thunderstorms to potentially
    focus along or become elevated to the north-northeast of the
    boundary and tap into PWs above 1.5". Some thunderstorms may extend south-southeast into the Middle Missouri Valley, but greater
    uncertainty exists this far south. Global deterministic guidance
    depicts 2-4" of rainfall is possible, with NBM and ECENS
    probabilities for at least 1" in 24-hrs around 30-70% (highest in
    ND). This prompts a MRGL risk and allows for potential upgrades
    should confidence increase in amounts above 3" and greater location
    certainty.

    Day 5...Large spread in outcomes across the northern tier reduced
    confidence enough to omit a MRGL risk with the latest outlook
    centered on Sunday. The frontal boundary sinking southward across
    the Mid- Atlantic and stretching west-northwest across the Ohio
    Valley by Sunday also appears to lose enough gradient to focus
    numerous showers or thunderstorms. These areas will be monitored in
    future updates.

    Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!79H70gh-sDrfBS_LGSdhTxGmfh2xpiQeAkEOs8P5HpIN= tHzD70KaLTplBNEW10WTSkcBDKLy1ZUIT0NbltN9vcOIoio$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!79H70gh-sDrfBS_LGSdhTxGmfh2xpiQeAkEOs8P5HpIN= tHzD70KaLTplBNEW10WTSkcBDKLy1ZUIT0NbltN9jo4U8Mo$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!79H70gh-sDrfBS_LGSdhTxGmfh2xpiQeAkEOs8P5HpIN= tHzD70KaLTplBNEW10WTSkcBDKLy1ZUIT0NbltN9Pui_pHg$=20



    $$

    =3D =3D =3D
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    * Origin: Capitol City Online (1:2320/107)
  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 24, 2026 20:24:59
    FOUS30 KWBC 242024
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    424 PM EDT Wed Jun 24 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM THE
    CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS THROUGH THE MID-SOUTH TO THE CENTRAL GULF
    COAST...

    16Z Update...

    Risk outline areas were largely left as-is, with continued
    location uncertainty in expected overnight convection tonight
    through the central High Plains. 12Z HREF/REFS probs were still
    rather scattered within the broad Slight Risk area, but did note
    the HREF EAS probs increase over eastern OK into western AR, due
    in part to ongoing convection late this morning. With more
    saturated soils this area may be more susceptible to flash flooding
    today.

    Fracasso

    ...Central High Plains...

    The period will maintain a relatively stagnant upper pattern with a
    broad northern trough and stout mid and upper ridge axis centered
    over northern Mexico into the Southwest U.S. The setup is conducive
    for yet another active evening as pronounced shortwave will eject
    out of the Rockies and migrate southeastward into the Central
    Plains after 00z Thursday. Initiation of thunderstorms over the
    WY/CO Front Range will occur after sunset with more convective
    activity firing downstream into western NE and northwest KS as we
    head through the evening. Ample shear and mid-level ascent plus a
    well-defined theta_E ridge positioned within a quasi-stationary
    front bisecting the High Plains will act as both a focal point for
    convection, as well as the driver for aiding in intensification of
    any mesocyclone development after initiation. All models from hi-
    res CAMs suites to globals have some type of convective mode
    forming over the Central High Plains Wednesday evening allowing for
    high confidence in areas of not only severe weather, but
    accompanying heavy rainfall thanks to elevated PWAT's centered over
    the Central and Southern High Plains.

    HREF neighborhood probs for >2" are high (50-80%) across the
    corridor centered over northeastern CO, southwestern NE, and
    northwest KS, the inflection point of both cell initiation and
    expected forward propagation area of any convection as cell mergers
    occur and grow upscale. Some of these areas will have been hit
    pretty hard the prior evening leading to lower FFG's as recovery
    time for soils will be limited (<24hrs). In this case, the SLGT
    risk inherited is sufficient with a high-end SLGT risk forecast
    over that tri-state zone between CO/NE/KS as models continue to
    forecast heavy convection over that area with run-to-run
    consistency. The SLGT will extend through the rest of western KS
    and much of the CO Front Range with the expectation of cell motions
    moving through the area the back-end of the D1 period.

    ...Southern Plains to Central Gulf Coast...

    The pattern across the Southern Plains to Central Gulf Coast will
    remain a complicated scenario that will come down to the
    positioning of a quasi-stationary front oriented over the OK to the
    Lower Mississippi Valley, as well as the handling of multiple MCV's
    and their general locations that will dictate where heavy rain
    prospects would unfold for the D1. Models have struggled with the
    overall handling of the MCV currently migrating through AR/LA with
    the 02z HRRR offering the best handle on the timing and magnitude
    of precipitation accompanying the complex. You can see the northern
    inflection in the MCV over western AR will act as a region of
    localized convergence with cells maintaining very slow motions with
    the current storms orienting northwest to southeast to the west of
    Little Rock. Further south, the line is more progressive within the
    complex with a bit of a bowing segment ejecting eastward across the
    AR/LA state line with the heaviest precip focused over northern LA.
    Indications for the trajectory of the complex point to a continued
    eastward progression, followed by a turn to the east-southeast as
    it moves into MS, eventually making headway towards southern AL.
    This is in part to the general mid-level steering flow, as well as
    the defined theta_E gradient oriented in the same northwest to
    southeast alignment. Typical forward propagation centers over these
    distinct gradient alignments and this should be no different with
    a majority of guidance signaling the complex's motion into that
    area of the Southeast. In this case, this would open the door to
    enhanced low-level convergence within proximity of the disturbance
    and well within an environment conducive for scattered to
    widespread thunderstorm activity boasting potential for 2-3"/hr
    rates given the depth of moisture within the column, especially
    over southern MS.

    Upwind back over northern LA, secondary formation of convection
    along the persistent quasi-stationary front is anticipated over the
    early portion of D1 thanks to regional focus of low-level
    convergence left behind by our complex vacating to the east-
    southeast. Cell motion vectors within the latest CAMs for the
    period between 10-15z Wednesday are incredibly light leading to
    very slow cell propagations for hours prior to the dissipation of
    the threat. This area has already been hit several times in the
    past week with local FFG's running very low with widespread ground
    saturation noted by the latest discussions from the local WFO's.
    This will prolong the threat for flash flooding through the morning
    before we finally see the threat dwindle in part to the ridge
    further west finally building back overhead and shifting the front
    further north before dying off by early Thursday morning. In this
    case, the SLGT risk forecast will be maintained with the highest
    threat for flash flooding likely over the AR/LA border into
    southern MS.

    ...Western U.S...

    Anomalous mid and upper level moisture will be advected over the
    Southwestern U.S. through today as prevailing southwesterly flow
    around the western flank of the ridge over northern Mexico will
    help usher in warm, moist Pacific airmass centered off Baja. The
    addition of elevated moisture into the region coupled with intense
    heating across the Desert Southwest will lead to increased boundary
    layer instability and the ability to generate afternoon convection
    for the first time in a while over the deserts of southern CA into
    the Great Basin by later this afternoon. Models are not too
    enthused by sense of magnitude, however with PWAT anomalies pushing
    +2 to +3 standard deviations across the area by the afternoon
    period, it stands to reason that some of the convection could be
    sufficient in causing localized flash flood prospects over those
    more prone areas like slot canyons in the interior and flashier
    portions of southern CA. A MRGL risk remains the forecast for the
    low- end threat with emphasis on the terrain in AZ, deserts of
    southern CA, and slot canyon areas within NV/UT/AZ.

    ...Midwest...

    Despite the addition of a risk in the area, a non-zero potential
    for flash flooding exists over portions of southern WI into
    northern IL with the best threat likely within the urban corridor
    surrounding both Milwaukee and Chicago and its adjacent suburbs.
    Localized totals between 1-2" are plausible, especially in
    proximity to the warm front that exists ahead of a surface low
    migrating southeast through the Upper Midwest over the period. The
    frontal positioning will be the focus for the heavier rainfall
    threat as added low-level convergence will act as a focus for any
    convection in the area, offering a short term training concern as
    we move through the late-morning and afternoon. The threat is very
    isolated in nature with a few CAMs signaling more robust outputs,
    but not enough consensus to draw a definitive location for the
    threat. In coordination with the local offices in the area, decided
    to maintain a nil ERO posture, but make note of a low-end, <5%
    threat for flash flooding at some point in the front half of the
    D1.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO MID-MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    21Z Update...

    Maintained the risk areas from the overnight shift, with a nudge
    westward of the Slight Risk across Kansas per some recent 12Z
    models and the updated CSU first guess data. In addition, added a
    Marginal Risk area to parts of the Northeast:

    ...Northeast...

    Added a limited Marginal Risk area to northeastern PA, the Southern
    Tier of NY, eastward into Vermont in advance of a system moving
    into the region late Thursday into the overnight hours. Though the
    timing would offset any daytime heating from earlier, a rather
    robust <100kt upper jet punching into the area could support some
    1"/hr rates where FFG values are about the same given recent rains
    and wetter soils.

    Fracasso

    ...Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    Longwave pattern across the western two-thirds of the CONUS will
    shift as a strong mid-level trough enters the Pacific Northwest and
    begins flattening the ridge axis positioned across the
    Southwestern U.S. This will lead to a more zonal regime to setup
    from the Central Rockies to the Mid-Mississippi Valley by Thursday,
    setting the stage for a potentially significant heavy rainfall
    threat across portions of the Central and Southern Plains between
    KS/northern OK over into MO and western Ohio Valley. At the
    surface, a quasi-stationary front will be progged over southern KS
    stretching eastward through MO before hooking back to the northeast
    as a cold front on the trailing end of a surface low motioning up
    through eastern Ontario. A strong mid-level vort will eject out of
    the Central Rockies and migrate eastward within the mean flow,
    allowing for lee cyclogenesis to occur over KS as we move into
    Thursday afternoon. The forecast is for the surface wave to motion
    eastward along the boundary with thunderstorm initiation
    transpiring across the Central Plains by late-Thursday afternoon.
    As we move into the evening, additional LLJ support will provide
    better low-level shear and provide enhanced convergence within the
    proximity of the front. This is a relatively classic scenario for a
    training axis of heavy convection, especially when you couple with
    PWATs likely between 1.7-2.0", a solid +1 to +2 standard
    deviations above climatology for the region.

    Model signals are still pretty aggressive with the scope of the
    event with most of the deterministic outputs showing pockets of 3+
    inches for areas of eastern KS through portions of MO. The
    deviation comes in the timing of the shortwave ejection and the
    latitudinal gain of the heavy rain footprint as guidance disagrees
    on the exact placement of the heaviest rainfall. ML guidance is
    still generally south of the global NWP suite, a highlight that has
    been noted over the past several cycles. ML guidance tends to do
    well when it locks into these types of outputs and doesn't waver
    too much in specifics, so the trend is to keep the heaviest precip
    a bit south of the deterministic and its ensembles. That said, the
    orientation of the frontal positioning will be important as that
    will likely be the focus for where the heaviest QPF outputs will
    occur as the surface wave will ride the thermal gradient posed by
    the front in question. Historic bias at this leads tends to favor
    guidance being a bit too far north with its QPF footprint in these
    scenarios leading to an adjustment further south, correlating with
    a better convergent area away from the current depiction.
    Considering the magnitudes of the QPF already with little to no
    CAMs inclusion, the forecast for locally significant rainfall is
    becoming increasingly likely in the D2 period. As of now, the SLGT
    risk inherited only went through minor modifications with a high-
    end SLGT risk forecast for areas of central to southeast KS through
    the southwest and west-central portions of MO, extending towards
    the St. Louis metro where the frontal alignment is progged. An
    upgrade for portions of this area is not out of the question in the
    coming forecast cycles, so this will be something to monitor
    closely the next 24-36 hours.

    ...Southeast U.S...

    Remnants of a complex from the previous period will wander into the
    Central Gulf coast region and slide eastward into southern GA by
    Thursday afternoon. Hi-res at the end of their forecasts are
    consistent in the maturation of convection near the remnant
    circulation as the disturbance becomes a mechanism for targeted
    low-level convergence in a zone of favorable boundary layer
    moisture and instability. Signals for locally heavy rainfall of 2+
    inches are noted in the deterministic CAMs with the HREF blended
    mean QPF between 12z Thursday to 00z Friday showing pockets of
    1.5-2" located from the MS coastal areas through the I-10 corridor
    towards Tallahassee, back up into southern GA. This is coincident
    with the 500mb vorticity trajectory of our mid-level impulse
    generated from previous periods thunderstorms which provides a
    better target point for heavy rainfall compared to just your
    standard pulse convection regime we see in the summer. As a result,
    maintained the previous MRGL risk with just some minor adjustments
    to account for QPF trends.

    ...Interior West...

    Multiple shortwaves and elevated moisture presence across the
    Interior Mountain West will likely lead to another afternoon and
    early evening of scattered convection with localized flash flood
    concerns on Thursday. The threat remains low-end for the time being
    given the current QPF outputs, however this could still provide
    some isolated flash flood prospects in those terrain focused zones
    across UT/CO, as well as any heavy rain encounters in the favored
    slot canyon areas littered over western CO into UT. A MRGL risk was
    expanded westward to account for the threat and recent QPF trends
    in the guidance.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEYS...

    21Z Update...

    Maintained the Slight Risk from MO into the Ohio Valley with a
    little westward and southward nudge based on 12Z guidance (both
    dynamical and AI) as well as the CSU first guess. In addition,
    added two Marginal areas:

    ...Northern Maine...

    Incoming system will bring some potentially heavier rain early in
    the day Friday as low pressure moves through northern New
    England/southern Canada. Some newer guidance indicates the
    potential for embedded heavier rates ~1"/hr (despite modest
    precipitable water values) across interior/northern Maine where
    1-h FFG values are similar.

    ...Eastern Montana...

    Sharp trough entering the Pac NW will bring height falls to eastern
    Montana late Friday, with a modest surge in moisture and
    instability ahead of a cold front. 1-h FFG values are only
    0.75-1.25" and even the GFS shows this potential (as well as the
    CMCreg and RRFS).

    Fracasso

    The period will be defined by the expected forward propagation of
    the shortwave trough that will affect the Central Plains, eastward
    during the D2, translating into further impacts on the D3.
    Ensembles and global deterministic alike continue to signal the
    axis of heavy rainfall over the Mid-Mississippi Valley shifting
    eastward through the Ohio River Valley with the focus of heaviest
    rainfall centered over the Ohio River basin and points north. This
    correlates with the mean 500mb vorticity forecast for the shortwave
    trough responsible as diffluent flow ahead of the trough axis will
    situate over the above area leading to focused ascent and
    increasing low to mid-level convergence pattern necessary to bring
    about a swath of heavy precipitation.

    00z run of the CSU First Guess Fields depict a broad SLGT risk
    alignment across the area between southern IN and southern OH down
    across neighboring northern KY with the northern periphery
    positioned along and south of I-70. Considering the trends in the
    CSU First Guess over the last several months, this may be a bit
    further north than what may transpire, however the ensemble QPF
    alignment of the heaviest precip is generally in that zone, so the
    decision was to add the SLGT risk matching the First Guess, but
    also hedging a bit further west and south with the expansion in the
    end. 01z NBM probs for >2" depict a 30-60% probability output
    between St. Louis to just east of Cincinnati with a northern
    inflection to the I-70 corridor between Indianapolis to Columbus,
    OH. The southern edge did expand south with the 30% probability
    from previous forecast to include areas south of the Ohio River, a
    testament to the potential to see a slight southern shift in the
    QPF focus as we move closer in time. In any case, the probability
    for >2" at this lead for the blend was more than suitable enough to
    warrant a SLGT risk addition to the now D3 period.

    The threat of heavy rainfall, even though more isolated due to the
    magnitude of the precipitation expected, is forecast to expand
    further east into the eastern Ohio Valley and neighboring areas of
    the Central Appalachians and western PA during the period.
    Considering the nature of the topographic elements allowing for
    those areas to be more prone to heavy rainfall episodes, this will
    be an area to monitor for any further adjustments in the risk
    which is currently at a MRGL for the time being.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026 - 12Z Mon Jun 29 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT ACROSS
    PARTS OF THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS ON SATURDAY...

    2030Z Update... The 12Z guidance did not suggest a need for
    significant changes, but did make a few smaller-scale adjustments
    to the Day 4 outlook. For the northern Plains, the consensus of the
    12Z models showed a smaller footprint for heavy amounts, confined
    farther north -- which is reflected in the adjusted outlook. For
    the Ohio Valley and central Appalachians, the overall trend was a
    bit farther south, so the Slight and Marginal Risk areas were
    adjusted accordingly.

    For Day 5, while there remain signals for potentially heavy amounts
    across portions of the northern Plains-upper Midwest and the Ohio
    Valley into the Southeast, model spread remains too broad to
    introduce a Marginal Risk at this time.

    Previous Discussion...
    Day 4...By Saturday, the trough over the Pacific Northwest deepens significantly (below the 0.5 climatological percentile per the 00Z
    ECMWF) and further increases the upper ridging downstream over the Midwest/Great Lakes. Meanwhile, subtle troughing over the Northeast
    will allow for an inflection point in the lingering stationary
    front over the Ohio Valley, with this front lifting northward over
    the central U.S. and sliding southward along the East Coast. Heavy
    rainfall will remain possible along this frontal boundary as it
    lingers over the region and potential MCVs progress eastward, with
    typical uncertainty at this forecast range. Deterministic forecast
    guidance highlights rainfall amounts of 1-3" possible and given
    the convective/training storm environment, locally higher amounts
    can be expected. Heavy rain may also extend eastward into the Mid-
    Atlantic, but storms may be progressive enough to limit flash flood
    risk as well as potentially a limited amount of instability
    available.

    Additionally, heavy rainfall potential exists over the northern
    Plains as a leading shortwave ejects north- northeast over the
    region and within the left-exit region of a strengthening upper jet
    streaking above the northern Rockies. A warm front is also
    expected to remain nearby and extend from the northern High Plains
    to the Midwest. This will allow for thunderstorms to potentially
    focus along or become elevated to the north-northeast of the
    boundary and tap into PWs above 1.5". Some thunderstorms may extend south-southeast into the Middle Missouri Valley, but greater
    uncertainty exists this far south. Global deterministic guidance
    depicts 2-4" of rainfall is possible, with NBM and ECENS
    probabilities for at least 1" in 24-hrs around 30-70% (highest in
    ND). This prompts a MRGL risk and allows for potential upgrades
    should confidence increase in amounts above 3" and greater location
    certainty.

    Day 5...Large spread in outcomes across the northern tier reduced
    confidence enough to omit a MRGL risk with the latest outlook
    centered on Sunday. The frontal boundary sinking southward across
    the Mid-Atlantic and stretching west-northwest across the Ohio
    Valley by Sunday also appears to lose enough gradient to focus
    numerous showers or thunderstorms. These areas will be monitored in
    future updates.

    Pereira/Snell
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8jXq0BcmSjYwFUuACnthzeufEM2IuIq4QAqzmoyJkwDi= ukU0XS6VhuHDnNHd06Y1D2ronRYgtya5d43QkrTXTEmFXBo$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8jXq0BcmSjYwFUuACnthzeufEM2IuIq4QAqzmoyJkwDi= ukU0XS6VhuHDnNHd06Y1D2ronRYgtya5d43QkrTXju-RZGk$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!8jXq0BcmSjYwFUuACnthzeufEM2IuIq4QAqzmoyJkwDi= ukU0XS6VhuHDnNHd06Y1D2ronRYgtya5d43QkrTXh6z49iY$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 25, 2026 01:08:23
    FOUS30 KWBC 250108
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    908 PM EDT Wed Jun 24 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FROM
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS INTO THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND
    OVER SOUTHERN ARKANSAS...

    01Z Update...

    Adjustments made reflect current observation trends, recent runs=20
    of the HRRR/RAP, and the latest HREF. A northwest-southeast axis=20
    extending from the central High Plains into the southern Plains is=20
    expected to remain active into the overnight, with guidance=20
    indicating the greater potential for organized heavy amounts and=20
    flash flooding will extend from northeastern Colorado and=20
    southwestern Nebraska through western Kansas into northwestern=20
    Oklahoma. Convection now developing over the High Plains is=20
    forecast to become better organized and drop southeast through this
    region. HREF neighborhood probs for 1 and 2 inches are highest=20
    from northeastern Colorado, southwestern Nebraska, and western=20
    Kansas, coinciding with some of the lowest FFGs in the region --=20
    suggesting runoff concerns may become more than isolated overnight.
    See WPC MPD #518 for additional information regarding the near-term
    heavy rain and flash flooding threat across this region.

    Convection downstream is expected to be less organized and more=20
    isolated, so much of the southeastern extent of the previous Slight
    Risk was removed. However, given the very wet antecedent=20
    conditions and the potential for additional activity overnight,=20
    maintained a Slight Risk largely coincident with the very low FFGs=20
    over southwestern Arkansas.

    Lastly, a small Marginal Risk was added to portions of northern
    Illinois and Indiana where rainfall rates have increased to over an
    inch/hour within some of the stronger storms moving across the=20
    area. Storms are expected to persist into the overnight with some=20
    training and cell-mergers possibly bolstering amounts and the=20
    potential for isolated flooding concerns. The Marginal Risk=20
    highlights the area where the HREF shows the greatest threat for=20
    additional amounts of 1-2+ inches overnight.

    Pereira

    16Z Update...

    Risk outline areas were largely left as-is, with continued
    location uncertainty in expected overnight convection tonight
    through the central High Plains. 12Z HREF/REFS probs were still
    rather scattered within the broad Slight Risk area, but did note
    the HREF EAS probs increase over eastern OK into western AR, due
    in part to ongoing convection late this morning. With more
    saturated soils this area may be more susceptible to flash flooding
    today.

    Fracasso

    ...Central High Plains...

    The period will maintain a relatively stagnant upper pattern with a
    broad northern trough and stout mid and upper ridge axis centered
    over northern Mexico into the Southwest U.S. The setup is conducive
    for yet another active evening as pronounced shortwave will eject
    out of the Rockies and migrate southeastward into the Central
    Plains after 00z Thursday. Initiation of thunderstorms over the
    WY/CO Front Range will occur after sunset with more convective
    activity firing downstream into western NE and northwest KS as we
    head through the evening. Ample shear and mid-level ascent plus a
    well-defined theta_E ridge positioned within a quasi-stationary
    front bisecting the High Plains will act as both a focal point for
    convection, as well as the driver for aiding in intensification of
    any mesocyclone development after initiation. All models from hi-
    res CAMs suites to globals have some type of convective mode
    forming over the Central High Plains Wednesday evening allowing for
    high confidence in areas of not only severe weather, but
    accompanying heavy rainfall thanks to elevated PWAT's centered over
    the Central and Southern High Plains.

    HREF neighborhood probs for >2" are high (50-80%) across the
    corridor centered over northeastern CO, southwestern NE, and
    northwest KS, the inflection point of both cell initiation and
    expected forward propagation area of any convection as cell mergers
    occur and grow upscale. Some of these areas will have been hit
    pretty hard the prior evening leading to lower FFG's as recovery
    time for soils will be limited (<24hrs). In this case, the SLGT
    risk inherited is sufficient with a high-end SLGT risk forecast
    over that tri-state zone between CO/NE/KS as models continue to
    forecast heavy convection over that area with run-to-run
    consistency. The SLGT will extend through the rest of western KS
    and much of the CO Front Range with the expectation of cell motions
    moving through the area the back-end of the D1 period.

    ...Southern Plains to Central Gulf Coast...

    The pattern across the Southern Plains to Central Gulf Coast will
    remain a complicated scenario that will come down to the
    positioning of a quasi-stationary front oriented over the OK to the
    Lower Mississippi Valley, as well as the handling of multiple MCV's
    and their general locations that will dictate where heavy rain
    prospects would unfold for the D1. Models have struggled with the
    overall handling of the MCV currently migrating through AR/LA with
    the 02z HRRR offering the best handle on the timing and magnitude
    of precipitation accompanying the complex. You can see the northern
    inflection in the MCV over western AR will act as a region of
    localized convergence with cells maintaining very slow motions with
    the current storms orienting northwest to southeast to the west of
    Little Rock. Further south, the line is more progressive within the
    complex with a bit of a bowing segment ejecting eastward across the
    AR/LA state line with the heaviest precip focused over northern LA.
    Indications for the trajectory of the complex point to a continued
    eastward progression, followed by a turn to the east-southeast as
    it moves into MS, eventually making headway towards southern AL.
    This is in part to the general mid-level steering flow, as well as
    the defined theta_E gradient oriented in the same northwest to
    southeast alignment. Typical forward propagation centers over these
    distinct gradient alignments and this should be no different with
    a majority of guidance signaling the complex's motion into that
    area of the Southeast. In this case, this would open the door to
    enhanced low-level convergence within proximity of the disturbance
    and well within an environment conducive for scattered to
    widespread thunderstorm activity boasting potential for 2-3"/hr
    rates given the depth of moisture within the column, especially
    over southern MS.

    Upwind back over northern LA, secondary formation of convection
    along the persistent quasi-stationary front is anticipated over the
    early portion of D1 thanks to regional focus of low-level
    convergence left behind by our complex vacating to the east-
    southeast. Cell motion vectors within the latest CAMs for the
    period between 10-15z Wednesday are incredibly light leading to
    very slow cell propagations for hours prior to the dissipation of
    the threat. This area has already been hit several times in the
    past week with local FFG's running very low with widespread ground
    saturation noted by the latest discussions from the local WFO's.
    This will prolong the threat for flash flooding through the morning
    before we finally see the threat dwindle in part to the ridge
    further west finally building back overhead and shifting the front
    further north before dying off by early Thursday morning. In this
    case, the SLGT risk forecast will be maintained with the highest
    threat for flash flooding likely over the AR/LA border into
    southern MS.

    ...Western U.S...

    Anomalous mid and upper level moisture will be advected over the
    Southwestern U.S. through today as prevailing southwesterly flow
    around the western flank of the ridge over northern Mexico will
    help usher in warm, moist Pacific airmass centered off Baja. The
    addition of elevated moisture into the region coupled with intense
    heating across the Desert Southwest will lead to increased boundary
    layer instability and the ability to generate afternoon convection
    for the first time in a while over the deserts of southern CA into
    the Great Basin by later this afternoon. Models are not too
    enthused by sense of magnitude, however with PWAT anomalies pushing
    +2 to +3 standard deviations across the area by the afternoon
    period, it stands to reason that some of the convection could be
    sufficient in causing localized flash flood prospects over those
    more prone areas like slot canyons in the interior and flashier
    portions of southern CA. A MRGL risk remains the forecast for the
    low- end threat with emphasis on the terrain in AZ, deserts of
    southern CA, and slot canyon areas within NV/UT/AZ.

    ...Midwest...

    Despite the addition of a risk in the area, a non-zero potential
    for flash flooding exists over portions of southern WI into
    northern IL with the best threat likely within the urban corridor
    surrounding both Milwaukee and Chicago and its adjacent suburbs.
    Localized totals between 1-2" are plausible, especially in
    proximity to the warm front that exists ahead of a surface low
    migrating southeast through the Upper Midwest over the period. The
    frontal positioning will be the focus for the heavier rainfall
    threat as added low-level convergence will act as a focus for any
    convection in the area, offering a short term training concern as
    we move through the late-morning and afternoon. The threat is very
    isolated in nature with a few CAMs signaling more robust outputs,
    but not enough consensus to draw a definitive location for the
    threat. In coordination with the local offices in the area, decided
    to maintain a nil ERO posture, but make note of a low-end, <5%
    threat for flash flooding at some point in the front half of the
    D1.

    Kleebauer


    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS TO MID-MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    21Z Update...

    Maintained the risk areas from the overnight shift, with a nudge
    westward of the Slight Risk across Kansas per some recent 12Z
    models and the updated CSU first guess data. In addition, added a
    Marginal Risk area to parts of the Northeast:

    ...Northeast...

    Added a limited Marginal Risk area to northeastern PA, the Southern
    Tier of NY, eastward into Vermont in advance of a system moving
    into the region late Thursday into the overnight hours. Though the
    timing would offset any daytime heating from earlier, a rather
    robust <100kt upper jet punching into the area could support some
    1"/hr rates where FFG values are about the same given recent rains
    and wetter soils.

    Fracasso

    ...Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    Longwave pattern across the western two-thirds of the CONUS will
    shift as a strong mid-level trough enters the Pacific Northwest and
    begins flattening the ridge axis positioned across the
    Southwestern U.S. This will lead to a more zonal regime to setup
    from the Central Rockies to the Mid-Mississippi Valley by Thursday,
    setting the stage for a potentially significant heavy rainfall
    threat across portions of the Central and Southern Plains between
    KS/northern OK over into MO and western Ohio Valley. At the
    surface, a quasi-stationary front will be progged over southern KS
    stretching eastward through MO before hooking back to the northeast
    as a cold front on the trailing end of a surface low motioning up
    through eastern Ontario. A strong mid-level vort will eject out of
    the Central Rockies and migrate eastward within the mean flow,
    allowing for lee cyclogenesis to occur over KS as we move into
    Thursday afternoon. The forecast is for the surface wave to motion
    eastward along the boundary with thunderstorm initiation
    transpiring across the Central Plains by late-Thursday afternoon.
    As we move into the evening, additional LLJ support will provide
    better low-level shear and provide enhanced convergence within the
    proximity of the front. This is a relatively classic scenario for a
    training axis of heavy convection, especially when you couple with
    PWATs likely between 1.7-2.0", a solid +1 to +2 standard
    deviations above climatology for the region.

    Model signals are still pretty aggressive with the scope of the
    event with most of the deterministic outputs showing pockets of 3+
    inches for areas of eastern KS through portions of MO. The
    deviation comes in the timing of the shortwave ejection and the
    latitudinal gain of the heavy rain footprint as guidance disagrees
    on the exact placement of the heaviest rainfall. ML guidance is
    still generally south of the global NWP suite, a highlight that has
    been noted over the past several cycles. ML guidance tends to do
    well when it locks into these types of outputs and doesn't waver
    too much in specifics, so the trend is to keep the heaviest precip
    a bit south of the deterministic and its ensembles. That said, the
    orientation of the frontal positioning will be important as that
    will likely be the focus for where the heaviest QPF outputs will
    occur as the surface wave will ride the thermal gradient posed by
    the front in question. Historic bias at this leads tends to favor
    guidance being a bit too far north with its QPF footprint in these
    scenarios leading to an adjustment further south, correlating with
    a better convergent area away from the current depiction.
    Considering the magnitudes of the QPF already with little to no
    CAMs inclusion, the forecast for locally significant rainfall is
    becoming increasingly likely in the D2 period. As of now, the SLGT
    risk inherited only went through minor modifications with a high-
    end SLGT risk forecast for areas of central to southeast KS through
    the southwest and west-central portions of MO, extending towards
    the St. Louis metro where the frontal alignment is progged. An
    upgrade for portions of this area is not out of the question in the
    coming forecast cycles, so this will be something to monitor
    closely the next 24-36 hours.

    ...Southeast U.S...

    Remnants of a complex from the previous period will wander into the
    Central Gulf coast region and slide eastward into southern GA by
    Thursday afternoon. Hi-res at the end of their forecasts are
    consistent in the maturation of convection near the remnant
    circulation as the disturbance becomes a mechanism for targeted
    low-level convergence in a zone of favorable boundary layer
    moisture and instability. Signals for locally heavy rainfall of 2+
    inches are noted in the deterministic CAMs with the HREF blended
    mean QPF between 12z Thursday to 00z Friday showing pockets of
    1.5-2" located from the MS coastal areas through the I-10 corridor
    towards Tallahassee, back up into southern GA. This is coincident
    with the 500mb vorticity trajectory of our mid-level impulse
    generated from previous periods thunderstorms which provides a
    better target point for heavy rainfall compared to just your
    standard pulse convection regime we see in the summer. As a result,
    maintained the previous MRGL risk with just some minor adjustments
    to account for QPF trends.

    ...Interior West...

    Multiple shortwaves and elevated moisture presence across the
    Interior Mountain West will likely lead to another afternoon and
    early evening of scattered convection with localized flash flood
    concerns on Thursday. The threat remains low-end for the time being
    given the current QPF outputs, however this could still provide
    some isolated flash flood prospects in those terrain focused zones
    across UT/CO, as well as any heavy rain encounters in the favored
    slot canyon areas littered over western CO into UT. A MRGL risk was
    expanded westward to account for the threat and recent QPF trends
    in the guidance.

    Kleebauer


    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEYS...

    21Z Update...

    Maintained the Slight Risk from MO into the Ohio Valley with a
    little westward and southward nudge based on 12Z guidance (both
    dynamical and AI) as well as the CSU first guess. In addition,
    added two Marginal areas:

    ...Northern Maine...

    Incoming system will bring some potentially heavier rain early in
    the day Friday as low pressure moves through northern New
    England/southern Canada. Some newer guidance indicates the
    potential for embedded heavier rates ~1"/hr (despite modest
    precipitable water values) across interior/northern Maine where
    1-h FFG values are similar.

    ...Eastern Montana...

    Sharp trough entering the Pac NW will bring height falls to eastern
    Montana late Friday, with a modest surge in moisture and
    instability ahead of a cold front. 1-h FFG values are only
    0.75-1.25" and even the GFS shows this potential (as well as the
    CMCreg and RRFS).

    Fracasso

    The period will be defined by the expected forward propagation of
    the shortwave trough that will affect the Central Plains, eastward
    during the D2, translating into further impacts on the D3.
    Ensembles and global deterministic alike continue to signal the
    axis of heavy rainfall over the Mid-Mississippi Valley shifting
    eastward through the Ohio River Valley with the focus of heaviest
    rainfall centered over the Ohio River basin and points north. This
    correlates with the mean 500mb vorticity forecast for the shortwave
    trough responsible as diffluent flow ahead of the trough axis will
    situate over the above area leading to focused ascent and
    increasing low to mid-level convergence pattern necessary to bring
    about a swath of heavy precipitation.

    00z run of the CSU First Guess Fields depict a broad SLGT risk
    alignment across the area between southern IN and southern OH down
    across neighboring northern KY with the northern periphery
    positioned along and south of I-70. Considering the trends in the
    CSU First Guess over the last several months, this may be a bit
    further north than what may transpire, however the ensemble QPF
    alignment of the heaviest precip is generally in that zone, so the
    decision was to add the SLGT risk matching the First Guess, but
    also hedging a bit further west and south with the expansion in the
    end. 01z NBM probs for >2" depict a 30-60% probability output
    between St. Louis to just east of Cincinnati with a northern
    inflection to the I-70 corridor between Indianapolis to Columbus,
    OH. The southern edge did expand south with the 30% probability
    from previous forecast to include areas south of the Ohio River, a
    testament to the potential to see a slight southern shift in the
    QPF focus as we move closer in time. In any case, the probability
    for >2" at this lead for the blend was more than suitable enough to
    warrant a SLGT risk addition to the now D3 period.

    The threat of heavy rainfall, even though more isolated due to the
    magnitude of the precipitation expected, is forecast to expand
    further east into the eastern Ohio Valley and neighboring areas of
    the Central Appalachians and western PA during the period.
    Considering the nature of the topographic elements allowing for
    those areas to be more prone to heavy rainfall episodes, this will
    be an area to monitor for any further adjustments in the risk
    which is currently at a MRGL for the time being.

    Kleebauer


    Day 4 and Day 5


    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT ACROSS
    PARTS OF THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS ON SATURDAY...

    2030Z Update... The 12Z guidance did not suggest a need for
    significant changes, but did make a few smaller-scale adjustments
    to the Day 4 outlook. For the northern Plains, the consensus of the
    12Z models showed a smaller footprint for heavy amounts, confined
    farther north -- which is reflected in the adjusted outlook. For
    the Ohio Valley and central Appalachians, the overall trend was a
    bit farther south, so the Slight and Marginal Risk areas were
    adjusted accordingly.

    For Day 5, while there remain signals for potentially heavy amounts
    across portions of the northern Plains-upper Midwest and the Ohio
    Valley into the Southeast, model spread remains too broad to
    introduce a Marginal Risk at this time.

    Previous Discussion...
    Day 4...By Saturday, the trough over the Pacific Northwest deepens significantly (below the 0.5 climatological percentile per the 00Z
    ECMWF) and further increases the upper ridging downstream over the Midwest/Great Lakes. Meanwhile, subtle troughing over the Northeast
    will allow for an inflection point in the lingering stationary
    front over the Ohio Valley, with this front lifting northward over
    the central U.S. and sliding southward along the East Coast. Heavy
    rainfall will remain possible along this frontal boundary as it
    lingers over the region and potential MCVs progress eastward, with
    typical uncertainty at this forecast range. Deterministic forecast
    guidance highlights rainfall amounts of 1-3" possible and given
    the convective/training storm environment, locally higher amounts
    can be expected. Heavy rain may also extend eastward into the Mid-
    Atlantic, but storms may be progressive enough to limit flash flood
    risk as well as potentially a limited amount of instability
    available.

    Additionally, heavy rainfall potential exists over the northern
    Plains as a leading shortwave ejects north- northeast over the
    region and within the left-exit region of a strengthening upper jet
    streaking above the northern Rockies. A warm front is also
    expected to remain nearby and extend from the northern High Plains
    to the Midwest. This will allow for thunderstorms to potentially
    focus along or become elevated to the north-northeast of the
    boundary and tap into PWs above 1.5". Some thunderstorms may extend south-southeast into the Middle Missouri Valley, but greater
    uncertainty exists this far south. Global deterministic guidance
    depicts 2-4" of rainfall is possible, with NBM and ECENS
    probabilities for at least 1" in 24-hrs around 30-70% (highest in
    ND). This prompts a MRGL risk and allows for potential upgrades
    should confidence increase in amounts above 3" and greater location
    certainty.

    Day 5...Large spread in outcomes across the northern tier reduced
    confidence enough to omit a MRGL risk with the latest outlook
    centered on Sunday. The frontal boundary sinking southward across
    the Mid-Atlantic and stretching west-northwest across the Ohio
    Valley by Sunday also appears to lose enough gradient to focus
    numerous showers or thunderstorms. These areas will be monitored in
    future updates.

    Pereira/Snell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!57Vmw3iQKAomkoyRydOL6X3p2mIqhpgmJOJY4YNzPkZq= o9wpQKYEukpgpIMDYNxhqS0UQyoPTdgc3i2YQqOxreqvetc$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!57Vmw3iQKAomkoyRydOL6X3p2mIqhpgmJOJY4YNzPkZq= o9wpQKYEukpgpIMDYNxhqS0UQyoPTdgc3i2YQqOxq0d-7hE$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!57Vmw3iQKAomkoyRydOL6X3p2mIqhpgmJOJY4YNzPkZq= o9wpQKYEukpgpIMDYNxhqS0UQyoPTdgc3i2YQqOxdGKMEyU$=20

    =3D =3D =3D
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 25, 2026 07:59:25
    FOUS30 KWBC 250759
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    359 AM EDT Thu Jun 25 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 12Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IS IN EFFECT
    OVER SOUTHEAST KANSAS INTO SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...

    ...Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    Active period on tap for Thursday as the overall longwave pattern
    across the Western and Central U.S. will finally shift towards a
    more zonal mid and upper level structure allowing for the next
    disturbance that enters the Plains to migrate more west to east,
    inducing a repeated convective regime for later this afternoon and
    evening. MCS from overnight will translate southeast through
    western KS, eventually making headway towards the KS/OK state line
    during the morning hours. This disturbance will act as an initial
    shortwave disturbance providing local forcing for the afternoon
    with isolated to scattered thunderstorms to materialize across
    southwestern KS into north-central OK. By the afternoon hours, a
    potent shortwave will begin moving eastward across KS as the mean
    flow aloft shifts to more prevailing westerlies creating a flow
    running parallel to a slow-moving front bisecting the southern half
    of KS into MO. Surface cyclogenesis over the High Plains will
    accompany the shortwave trough with the low expected to ride east
    along the thermal gradient setup over the quasi-stationary front in
    the region. Guidance has been slowly pushing this boundary south of
    I-70 over the last succession of runs with the CAMs even taking
    that step that's been noted via previous forecasts. The global
    deterministic models on the 00z run this evening are now also in
    the southern camp for the positioning of the front which is going
    to play a pivotal role in exactly where the heaviest rainfall will
    occur. NAEFS PWAT anomalies remain within the +1 to +2 standard
    deviation outputs as PWAT values will likely resonate within the
    bounds of 1.7-2.1" across much of central and eastern KS into the
    southern two-thirds of MO into the western Ohio Valley.

    The thermodynamic posture for this evening will be seen as
    reputable for heavy convective cores as regional theta_E's remain
    elevated across the Central and Southern Plains to Mid-Mississippi
    Valley with the core of greatest SBCAPE positioned along and south
    of US54 in southeastern KS to southwest MO. It is this area where
    HREF probabilities for rates >1"/hr are most noteworthy with modest probabilities (20-35%) for upwards to 2"/hr plausible in these
    stronger cell cores. The heaviest rain will materialize late
    afternoon and evening with the heaviest rainfall likely to coincide
    with the genesis of the nocturnal LLJ as strengthened low-level
    convergence and intensifying isentropic ascent across the area
    downstream of the surface low over the Plains will create a period
    of widespread heavy rainfall over that area of southern KS into
    southwestern MO. HREF blended mean QPF is bullish on an axis of
    2-4" areal average QPF with pockets of 6+ inches being depicted in
    the HREFpmm, a guide to the 90th percentile type outcomes possible
    in the setup. Flow running parallel to the boundary only adds for
    the potential of back-building until the surface low and attendant
    shortwave can finally eject eastward into the Mid-Mississippi
    Valley which can be noted in the hourly composite radar forecasts
    via various CAMs. Elevated antecedent soil moisture and lingering
    hydrologic concerns across southeast KS into southern MO only add
    to the heightened risk of flash flooding as the area will likely
    struggle to maintain any additional rainfall, especially
    significant totals over 2". In coordination with the local Wichita,
    KS and Springfield, MO WFO's, a targeted Moderate Risk was added
    to the latest D1 period with the focus highlighting that US54
    corridor and 50-100 miles on either side, including the city of
    Wichita where models are consistent in some of the heavier totals
    near or into the urban center.

    Will be monitoring the frontal alignment through the course of the
    D1 as this will be the ultimate factor on where the heaviest precip
    will occur later in the period. Additional heavy rainfall threat
    will occur away from the primary areas referenced above with
    locally significant rainfall poised to impact areas of eastern KS
    over into southern and central MO to the Mississippi River area
    near St. Louis. The trajectory of the shortwave and frontal
    alignment will play a role in the path of where the heaviest
    rainfall will occur and the prospect for another complex developing
    will also be a factor on who gets the more significant impacts for
    flash flooding. The SLGT risk expands east through the areas above
    with a high-end SLGT forecast into the St. Louis metro as heavy
    rain is forecast to enter the region by the end of the D1 period.

    ...Southeast U.S...

    Remnants of a complex currently migrating out of the Lower
    Mississippi Valley and adjacent Mississippi Delta will wander
    southeastward overnight with sights onto southern AL and southern
    GA by Thursday morning and afternoon, respectively. CAMs continue
    to depict a round of convection firing late this morning and
    afternoon in proximity to the mid-level vorticity responsible for
    the previous convective episode. The disturbance will become a
    mechanism for targeted low- level convergence in a zone of
    favorable boundary layer moisture and instability. Signals for
    locally heavy rainfall of 2+ inches are noted in the deterministic
    CAMs with the HREF blended mean QPF between 12z Thursday to 00z
    Friday showing pockets of 1.5-2" located from the MS coastal areas
    through the I-10 corridor towards Tallahassee, back up into
    southern GA, as far east as Savannah/Brunswick in this latest
    cycle. This is coincident with the 500mb vorticity trajectory of
    our mid- level impulse generated from the previous period of
    thunderstorms which provides a better target point for heavy
    rainfall compared to just your standard pulse convection regime we
    see in the summer. Modest HREF neighborhood probs of 20-40% exist
    for localized totals >3" across the aforementioned areas, enough to
    account for potential isolated flash flood concerns, mainly within
    more urbanized/developed areas across the Southeast. As a result,
    maintained the previous MRGL risk with just some minor adjustments
    to account for QPF trends.

    ...Interior West...

    Multiple shortwaves and elevated moisture presence across the
    Interior Mountain West will likely lead to another afternoon and
    early evening of scattered convection with localized flash flood
    concerns today. The threat remains low-end for the time being
    given the current QPF outputs, however this could still provide
    some isolated flash flood prospects in those terrain focused zones
    across UT/CO, as well as any heavy rain encounters in the favored
    slot canyon areas littered over western CO into UT. The previous
    MRGL risk was generally maintained outside a few minor adjustments
    on the western edge.

    ...Northeast...

    A potent shortwave trough located over the Northern Great Lakes
    into the neighboring Ontario Province will allow for a focused area
    of ascent downstream of the mean trough as the Northeastern U.S.
    nestles squarely into the LER of a modest 110kt jet ejecting
    eastward across the Great Lakes. Sufficient deep layer moisture and
    added shear with the incoming disturbance will aid in maintenance
    of an area of quick-moving convection across NY state through
    central and northern New England later this afternoon. High
    probabilities for >1" and low probs for 2" indicates a general
    pattern of 1-2" with perhaps a few pockets exceeding 2" in the
    setup over the Hudson Valley into VT/NH, enough to warrant at least
    a low to modest threat of localized flash flood concerns,
    especially given some of the more saturated soils located over the
    region as noted via the latest NASA SPoRT 0-10cm soil moisture
    percentiles >90%. The previous MRGL risk was generally maintained
    with only some minor adjustments a touch further east to align with
    trends in guidance.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEYS...

    ...Mid-Mississippi and Ohio Valley's...

    Shortwave ejecting out Missouri Friday morning will continue to
    progress through the Ohio Valley the rest of the D2 time frame. Quasi-stationary front will remain positioned along and just north
    of the Ohio River leading to an emphasis on convection within
    proximity of the boundary. The 00z HREF does not go beyond the 00z
    Saturday hour, however, the 12hr period between 12z Fri - 00z Sat
    is very much indicating some significant rainfall in-of that area
    of the Mississippi/Ohio River confluence and surrounds. HREF
    neighborhood probabilities for at least 3" in that 12hr period are
    solidly between 30-60%, a signal that usually correlates to heavy
    rainfall with rates sufficient for flash flood prospects.
    Thermodynamically and kinematically, this setup is one that favors
    locally significant rains with most guidance in agreement on areas
    of 2+ inches during the back end of D1 heading through D2. The
    threat will continue to extend east through southern IN and OH with
    the eastward advancement likely to extend as far as western PA down
    through the Central Appalachian front in PA/MD/WV. Current
    indications are for the heaviest rain to likely focus west of I-79
    in WV, so the SLGT risk remains situated closer to the OH/WV/KY
    border and points west with a MRGL further east. A high-end SLGT is
    forecast over the confluence area of the Mississippi/Ohio rivers
    and surrounds, which includes: southern IL/IN, eastern MO, and
    western KY where consensus for 2-4" has grown over the course of
    the last 24hrs.

    ...Montana...

    A potent shortwave trough will migrate through the interior
    Northwest U.S. leading to a regionally amplified setup capable of
    producing locally heavy rainfall across central and eastern MT.
    Steering flow will be pretty fast overall, so any convective
    activity will likely be moving relatively quickly with the flow to
    the east-northeast after genesis. That said, environment for mature mesocyclones and stronger convective cores will be capable for
    periods of heavy rainfall during any of these thunderstorms as they
    migrate through the High Plains of MT. Rates between 1-1.5"/hr will
    be plausible at peak intensity leading to pockets of 1-2" of rain
    falling in a short window as storms traverse over the area. The
    previous MRGL risk was maintained to account for the threat.

    ...Northern ME...

    Shortwave trough moving through Quebec will pivot across northern
    ME as we move into Friday afternoon. Sufficient buoyancy and mid-
    level forcing brought upon by the disturbance and boundary layer
    priming in the afternoon will lead to a round of thunderstorms
    capable of producing locally enhanced rainfall that could impact
    more sensitive areas of northwest ME. As of now, the prospects for
    locally 1-2" of rainfall have increased the past succession of runs
    from NWP with some deterministic outputs pointing to a quick inch
    or more over the northern Appalachian area of western ME advancing
    into interior Aroostook county in northern ME. The previous MRGL
    risk was maintained for the threat as guidance still favors the
    potential.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 28 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...Ohio Valley...

    Longwave pattern begins to pivot toward a more amplified western
    trough with a ridge rapidly materializing across the Southeastern
    U.S. as we step through the weekend. A broad upper trough will be
    positioned over the Pacific Northwest through the interior with a
    succession of strong mid-level shortwaves ripping through the lead
    side of the mean trough. There's growing support for a mid-level
    shortwave to eject out of the Central Plains on Saturday morning
    and migrate east-southeast through the Mid-Mississippi Valley,
    eventually making headway into the central and southern Ohio Valley
    by Saturday afternoon as it moves around the northern periphery of
    the ridge building to the south. Heavy rainfall from the previous
    period will act as a primer for any additional rainfall leading to
    a heightened threat for flash flooding in those terrain locations
    in eastern KY up into WV. CSU First Guess Fields have the region
    firmly in the MRGL risk just given the signal, however the
    antecedent ground conditions will favor a tick up in the forecast
    risk with a SLGT risk in place across the aforementioned area.
    Hardest hit locations with convection Saturday afternoon and
    evening will likely see 1-2", locally higher during the threat
    which would be sufficient for at least scattered flash flood
    prospects for the D3. The previous forecast was generally
    maintained with the SLGT risk extended a bit further north up the
    I-79 corridor towards Morgantown, WV.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Robust upper trough will be positioned over the Pacific Northwest
    and the interior with falling heights and an ejection of several
    stronger shortwaves pivoting around the primary upper circulation.
    A period of strong to severe thunderstorms are forecast in-of the
    High Plains of MT and ND as a robust shortwave makes an appearance
    by late-Saturday afternoon through the evening. Ample shear and
    moisture anomalies creeping above the 90th percentile up over the
    Northern Plains will be sufficient in locally enhanced rainfall
    rates, especially in any supercell cores and multi-cell mergers
    that transpire once the LLJ kicks in after 00z. A broad MRGL risk
    is in effect for the threat up across the area with a potential for
    a targeted upgrade in future updates once the CAM signals come into
    their temporal windows.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 28 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 30 2026

    ...The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance
    values is less than 5 percent...

    Oravec
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_FNgthQqo-Gbce40k771A2hQUFthkArgEOAWjDY1TniX= cQn55iWyZMhS4sAtN6KsbfMSA5l-MVSk7_EXVGkT64ZrCC0$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_FNgthQqo-Gbce40k771A2hQUFthkArgEOAWjDY1TniX= cQn55iWyZMhS4sAtN6KsbfMSA5l-MVSk7_EXVGkTdEDbzno$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!_FNgthQqo-Gbce40k771A2hQUFthkArgEOAWjDY1TniX= cQn55iWyZMhS4sAtN6KsbfMSA5l-MVSk7_EXVGkTYBjcCV4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 25, 2026 15:58:35
    FOUS30 KWBC 251558
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1158 AM EDT Thu Jun 25 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Thu Jun 25 2026 - 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT FOR A
    PORTION OF SOUTH-CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS...

    ...Plains to Mid-Mississippi Valley...

    Shortwave trough drifts east across KS today in a more zonal flow
    pattern than prior days as the high over west Texas is suppressed.
    This flow runs parallel to a slow-moving front bisecting KS into
    MO. Surface cyclogenesis over eastern CO will shift east with the
    shortwave trough and along the quasi- stationary front. 12Z CAMs
    generally agree with a farther south solution both for the ongoing
    convection over south-central KS and the afternoon/evening activity
    with the shortwave. The 12Z FV3LAM does not have the morning
    convection and is thus too far north. The 12Z NAMnest is also
    farther north, but with the evening convection, so this will have
    to be monitored through the rest of the day. For now, the Moderate
    Risk is expanded west and south a bit given radar and CAM trends.

    The thermodynamic posture for this evening will be seen as
    reputable for heavy convective cores as regional theta_E's remain
    elevated across the Central and Southern Plains to Mid-Mississippi
    Valley with the core of greatest SBCAPE positioned along and south
    of US54 in southeastern KS to southwest MO. It is this area where
    HREF probabilities for rates >1"/hr are most noteworthy with modest probabilities (20-35%) for upwards to 2"/hr in the stronger cell
    cores. The strengthening nocturnal LLJ and intensifying isentropic
    ascent across the area downstream of the surface low will create a
    period of widespread heavy rainfall over that area of southern KS
    into southwestern MO. Flow running parallel to the boundary only
    adds for the potential of back- building until the surface low and
    attendant shortwave can finally eject eastward into the Mid-
    Mississippi Valley which can be noted in the hourly composite radar
    forecasts via various CAMs. Elevated antecedent soil moisture and
    lingering hydrologic concerns across southeast KS into southern MO
    only add to the heightened risk of flash flooding as the area will
    likely struggle to maintain any additional rainfall, especially
    significant totals over 2".

    The SLGT risk expands east through the areas above with an elevated
    SLGT through the St. Louis metro as heavy rain shifts east ahead of
    the shortwave trough across eastern MO and southern IL overnight.

    ...Southeast U.S...

    Gulf moisture converging along a remnant stationary front should
    trigger diurnal activity over AR/southern MS/AL and GA as best
    depicted in the 12Z RRFS. A disturbance along this boundary should
    be a mechanism for targeted low- level convergence in a zone of
    favorable boundary layer moisture and instability. Signals for
    locally heavy rainfall of 2+ inches are noted in the deterministic
    CAMs with the HREF blended mean QPF between 12z Thursday to 00z
    Friday showing pockets of 1.5-2" located from the MS coastal areas
    through the I-10 corridor towards Tallahassee, back up into
    southern GA, as far east as Savannah/Brunswick in this latest
    cycle. This is coincident with the 500mb vorticity trajectory of
    our mid- level impulse generated from the previous period of
    thunderstorms which provides a better target point for heavy
    rainfall compared to just your standard pulse convection regime we
    see in the summer. Modest HREF neighborhood probs of 20-40% exist
    for localized totals >3" across the aforementioned areas, enough to
    account for potential isolated flash flood concerns, mainly within
    more urbanized/developed areas across the Southeast. As a result,
    maintained the previous MRGL risk with an expansion over New
    Orleans.

    ...Interior West...

    Multiple shortwaves and elevated moisture presence across the
    Interior Mountain West will lead to another afternoon and early
    evening of scattered convection with localized flash flood concerns
    today. The threat remains low-end for the time being given the
    current QPF outputs, however this could still provide some isolated
    flash flood prospects in those terrain focused zones across UT/CO,
    as well as any heavy rain encounters in the favored slot canyon
    areas littered over western CO into UT. The previous MRGL risk was
    generally maintained.

    ...Northeast...

    A potent shortwave trough located over the Northern Great Lakes
    into the neighboring Ontario Province will allow for a focused area
    of ascent downstream of the mean trough as the Northeastern U.S.
    nestles squarely into the left exit region of a modest 110kt jet
    ejecting eastward across the Great Lakes. Sufficient deep layer
    moisture and added shear with the incoming disturbance will aid in
    maintenance of an area of quick-moving convection across NY state
    through central and northern New England later this afternoon. High probabilities for >1" and low probs for 2" indicates a general
    pattern of 1-2" with perhaps a few pockets exceeding 2" in the
    setup over the Hudson Valley into VT/NH, enough to warrant at least
    a low to modest threat of localized flash flood concerns,
    especially given some of the more saturated soils located over the
    region as noted via the latest NASA SPoRT 0-10cm soil moisture
    percentiles >90%. The previous MRGL risk was generally maintained
    with only some expansion south and east where FFG is lower.

    Jackson/Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Fri Jun 26 2026 - 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE MID-MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO VALLEYS...

    ...Mid-Mississippi and Ohio Valley's...

    Shortwave ejecting out Missouri Friday morning will continue to
    progress through the Ohio Valley the rest of the D2 time frame. Quasi-stationary front will remain positioned along and just north
    of the Ohio River leading to an emphasis on convection within
    proximity of the boundary. The 00z HREF does not go beyond the 00z
    Saturday hour, however, the 12hr period between 12z Fri - 00z Sat
    is very much indicating some significant rainfall in-of that area
    of the Mississippi/Ohio River confluence and surrounds. HREF
    neighborhood probabilities for at least 3" in that 12hr period are
    solidly between 30-60%, a signal that usually correlates to heavy
    rainfall with rates sufficient for flash flood prospects.
    Thermodynamically and kinematically, this setup is one that favors
    locally significant rains with most guidance in agreement on areas
    of 2+ inches during the back end of D1 heading through D2. The
    threat will continue to extend east through southern IN and OH with
    the eastward advancement likely to extend as far as western PA down
    through the Central Appalachian front in PA/MD/WV. Current
    indications are for the heaviest rain to likely focus west of I-79
    in WV, so the SLGT risk remains situated closer to the OH/WV/KY
    border and points west with a MRGL further east. A high-end SLGT is
    forecast over the confluence area of the Mississippi/Ohio rivers
    and surrounds, which includes: southern IL/IN, eastern MO, and
    western KY where consensus for 2-4" has grown over the course of
    the last 24hrs.

    ...Montana...

    A potent shortwave trough will migrate through the interior
    Northwest U.S. leading to a regionally amplified setup capable of
    producing locally heavy rainfall across central and eastern MT.
    Steering flow will be pretty fast overall, so any convective
    activity will likely be moving relatively quickly with the flow to
    the east-northeast after genesis. That said, environment for mature mesocyclones and stronger convective cores will be capable for
    periods of heavy rainfall during any of these thunderstorms as they
    migrate through the High Plains of MT. Rates between 1-1.5"/hr will
    be plausible at peak intensity leading to pockets of 1-2" of rain
    falling in a short window as storms traverse over the area. The
    previous MRGL risk was maintained to account for the threat.

    ...Northern ME...

    Shortwave trough moving through Quebec will pivot across northern
    ME as we move into Friday afternoon. Sufficient buoyancy and mid-
    level forcing brought upon by the disturbance and boundary layer
    priming in the afternoon will lead to a round of thunderstorms
    capable of producing locally enhanced rainfall that could impact
    more sensitive areas of northwest ME. As of now, the prospects for
    locally 1-2" of rainfall have increased the past succession of runs
    from NWP with some deterministic outputs pointing to a quick inch
    or more over the northern Appalachian area of western ME advancing
    into interior Aroostook county in northern ME. The previous MRGL
    risk was maintained for the threat as guidance still favors the
    potential.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Sat Jun 27 2026 - 12Z Sun Jun 28 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN EFFECT OVER
    PORTIONS OF THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...Ohio Valley...

    Longwave pattern begins to pivot toward a more amplified western
    trough with a ridge rapidly materializing across the Southeastern
    U.S. as we step through the weekend. A broad upper trough will be
    positioned over the Pacific Northwest through the interior with a
    succession of strong mid-level shortwaves ripping through the lead
    side of the mean trough. There's growing support for a mid-level
    shortwave to eject out of the Central Plains on Saturday morning
    and migrate east-southeast through the Mid-Mississippi Valley,
    eventually making headway into the central and southern Ohio Valley
    by Saturday afternoon as it moves around the northern periphery of
    the ridge building to the south. Heavy rainfall from the previous
    period will act as a primer for any additional rainfall leading to
    a heightened threat for flash flooding in those terrain locations
    in eastern KY up into WV. CSU First Guess Fields have the region
    firmly in the MRGL risk just given the signal, however the
    antecedent ground conditions will favor a tick up in the forecast
    risk with a SLGT risk in place across the aforementioned area.
    Hardest hit locations with convection Saturday afternoon and
    evening will likely see 1-2", locally higher during the threat
    which would be sufficient for at least scattered flash flood
    prospects for the D3. The previous forecast was generally
    maintained with the SLGT risk extended a bit further north up the
    I-79 corridor towards Morgantown, WV.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Robust upper trough will be positioned over the Pacific Northwest
    and the interior with falling heights and an ejection of several
    stronger shortwaves pivoting around the primary upper circulation.
    A period of strong to severe thunderstorms are forecast in-of the
    High Plains of MT and ND as a robust shortwave makes an appearance
    by late-Saturday afternoon through the evening. Ample shear and
    moisture anomalies creeping above the 90th percentile up over the
    Northern Plains will be sufficient in locally enhanced rainfall
    rates, especially in any supercell cores and multi-cell mergers
    that transpire once the LLJ kicks in after 00z. A broad MRGL risk
    is in effect for the threat up across the area with a potential for
    a targeted upgrade in future updates once the CAM signals come into
    their temporal windows.

    Kleebauer
    =20

    Day 4 and Day 5

    Valid 12Z Sun Jun 28 2026 - 12Z Tue Jun 30 2026

    ...The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance
    values is less than 5 percent...

    Oravec
    =20

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7rpMQXunWt73aTJ_RI3x8YERmhipBdRopBUohQhpai7J= 8Ca00awG9BFxpbr_snh5yuPue_GnczgeE-nQAI--fitqBdg$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7rpMQXunWt73aTJ_RI3x8YERmhipBdRopBUohQhpai7J= 8Ca00awG9BFxpbr_snh5yuPue_GnczgeE-nQAI--VuY8Zj0$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!7rpMQXunWt73aTJ_RI3x8YERmhipBdRopBUohQhpai7J= 8Ca00awG9BFxpbr_snh5yuPue_GnczgeE-nQAI--QiResvY$=20



    $$

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